Engineering Commons^™

Selective Extraction Of Colorful Proteins Using Reverse Micelles, Loren E. Connell

Theses and Dissertations

Biotechnology is an ever expanding field of science. As the field has expanded, research into bioseparation processes has also expanded. The need for more cost effective ways to deliver products that are in high demand is greater now than ever. Bioseparation processes are a very costly part of the overall process of product development. While traditional separation process are effective, there is promise in many new techniques being developed which have the potential to lower the costs of bioseparations.

The continuous separation method of liquid-liquid extraction using reverse micelles is one such technique. While this technique has been researched in …

Delivery System For A Composition, Bruce J. Hinds Iii, Audra L. Stinchcomb

Chemical and Materials Engineering Faculty Patents

Devices and methods for cutaneous delivery of a composition are provided, wherein the composition is passed through an ordered nanoporous membrane in fluid communication with a reservoir. The nanoporous membrane includes a plurality of aligned hollow nanotubules coated with a continuous polymer matrix, and etched to open the plurality of hollow nanotubules and form pores. In one embodiment, the etching step oxidizes an end of the nanotubules to form carboxylate groups. The ordered nanoporous membrane further includes at least one additional functional unit bound to the carboxylate groups. The at least one additional functional unit selectively exposes or at least …

Developement Of Serum-Free Media In Cho-Dg44 Cells Using A Central Composite Statistical Design, Ananth Parampalli, Kent M. Eskridge, Leonard Smith, Michael M. Meagher, M. C. Mowry, Anuradha Subramanian

Anuradha Subramanian Publications

A serum free medium was developed for the production of recombinant antibody against Botulinum A (BoNTA) using dihydrofolate reductase deficient Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells (CHO-DG44) in suspension culture. An initial control basal medium was prepared, which was similar in composition to HAM’s F12: IMDM (1:1) supplemented with insulin, transeferrin, selenium and a lipid mixture. The vitamin concentration of the basal medium was twice that of HAM’s F12: IMDM (1:1). CHO-DG44 cells expressing S25 antibody grew from 2 x 10⁵ cells to maximum cell density of 1.04 x 10⁶ cells/ml after 5 days in this control medium. A central …

Using A Fiber-Optic Probe For The Measurement Of Volumetric Expansion Of Liquids, Sean G. Mueller, Jay R. Werber, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan, Milorad P. Dudukovic

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

A Fiber-Optic Probe is Developed for the Fast, In-Situ Measurement of Volumetric Expansion of Multiphase and Multicomponent Systems. an Experiment with the Binary Mixtures of CO₂-Toluene and CO₂-Ethanol Was Conducted to Demonstrate the Usefulness of the Fiber-Optic Probe in Accurately Tracking the Isothermal Volumetric Expansion as a Function of Pressure. in the 1-L Autoclave that Has Been Used, the Probe Was Shown to Detect the Liquid Level Height within a Precision of 0.35% of the Total Height of the Vessel. the Results for the Volumetric Expansion of Toluene and Ethanol with CO₂ Correlate Well with …

A Hybrid First Year Science Course For Engineering Students – Integrating Biology With Chemistry, David Harding, Pauline Schwartz, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Agamemnon Koutsospyros

Civil Engineering Faculty Publications

Biology is playing an increasingly important role in many engineering fields. With the typical engineering program already having a high credit hour requirement, the question becomes, how to best integrate biology concepts into a packed engineering curriculum. A typical biology course is not likely to introduce the important concepts of biology to engineering students. The solution here is to develop a hybrid course that integrates chemistry and biology. In the course, Chemistry with Applications to Biosystems, the concept is to develop a course that integrally links important concepts of chemistry and biology. The course focuses on the areas of biology …

Measuring Gas-Liquid Distribution In A Pilot Scale Monolith Reactor Via An Industrial Tomography Scanner (Its), M. (Muthanna) H. Al-Dahhan, A. Kemoun, A. R. Cartolano, S. Roy, R. Dobson, J. Williams

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

An Industrial Tomography Scanner (ITS) Was Designed and Developed to Study and Quantify the Phase Distribution in a Two-Phase Flow Pilot Scale Monolith Reactor that Was 24 In. (0.60 M) in Diameter and 192 In. (4.9 M) in Height. the Monolith Reactor Was Operated Co-Current Up-Flow in the Taylor Flow Regime with Water as the Liquid Phase and Air as the Gas Phase. the Cross-Sectional Holdup Distributions Were Measured at Three Axial Elevations. the Operating Conditions Were Selected to Bracket Commercial Operating Conditions for Fixed Bed Monolithic Reactor Systems. the Results Show that its Can Capture the Flow Features in …

Preliminary Work On The Development Of A Novel Detection Method For Osteoporosis, P. Moran, Mark R. Towler, S. Chowdhury, J. Saunders, M. J. German, N. S. Lawson, H. M. Pollock, I. Pillay, D. Lyons

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Osteoporosis affects both the organic and mineral phases of bone resulting in a decrease in resistance to fracture. Dual x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scans are used for diagnosing osteoporosis, which is conventionally characterized by a decrease in mineral density. Unfortunately, some patients who suffer osteoporotic fractures have normal bone density, because both the organic and the mineral phase are affected. However, there are currently no methods of evaluating the health of the organic phase. Patients undergoing treatment for osteoporosis have reported hardening of their fingernails. As the properties of nail and bone may be linked in a comparable, measurable way, this …

Catalytic Partial Oxidation Reforming Of Jp8 And S8, Thomas G. Howell

Theses and Dissertations

Catalytic partial oxidation (CPOX) reforming experiments were performed using a 10 kW Aspen Products Group, Inc. fuel processing prototype utilizing military logistic fuels JP8 and S8. S8 is a sulfur-free Fisher-Tropsch fuel, while JP8 is a multi-fuel blend, which could impact reforming efficiency, product distribution and byproduct production. Sulfur contained within the JP8 will adversely affect the product distribution; therefore, desulfurization beds, capable of removing up to 1000 ppm sulfur, were incorporated into the system. The catalyst used in the prototype is noble metal dispersed on cordierite monolith. The goal of this experiment was to evaluate the efficiency and product …

In Vitro Studies Of Degradation And Bioactivity Of Aliphatic Polyesther Composites, Georgia Chouzouri

Dissertations

In spite of numerous publications on the potential use of combinations of aliphatic polyester composites containing bioactive fillers for bone regeneration, little information exists on the combined in vitro mechanisms involving simultaneously diffusion for polymer degradation and bioactivity through nucleation and growth of apatite in simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The objective of this study is to contribute to the understanding of the fundamentals in designing non-porous, solid materials for bone regeneration, from experimental data along with their engineering interpretation.

Bioactivity, in terms of apatite growth, was assessed through several experimental methods such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive …

Catalysis Of Nano Tio2 For Horseradish Peroxidase, Ya-Qi Zhu, Hai Wu, Hiu Liu, Jie Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

Horseradish peroxidase immobilized on the surface of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and nanotube modified glassy carbon electrode.The HRP direct electron transfer reaction was compared between TiO₂ nanoparticles and nanotube GC electrode.The results demonstrated that the HRP on TiO₂ nanotube /GC electrode could catalyze electron exchange reaction between electroactivity center of HRP and electrode.And the research of antibody labeled HRP provides a selected signal for antibody-antigen immunoassay.

Electrochemical Reduction Of Coals And The Oxygenic Functional Simulacrums Of Coals, Juan Lin, Zhao Wei

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrochemical reduction of coals and the oxygenic functional simulacrums of coals has been studied.In this process,tetrabutylammonium was used as supporting electrolyte.The coal and the deoxidized coal were extracted by methanol.Qualitative analysis of the deoxidized products and the extractives was carried out on gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer.The deoxidized products of the oxygenic functional simulacrums of coals were analysed quantitatively with gas chromatograph spectrometer.The results show that the oxygenic functional groups on the coals surface decrease and the translation ratios of the oxygenic functional simulacrums of coals need further increase after electrochemical reduction,.The electrochemical tests show simultaneously the kinetics equations of every related …

Template Synthesis And Electrochemical Studies Of Ag(Core)Au(Shell) Nanowires, Li Ling, Ya-Xian Yuan, Min-Min Xu, Jian-Lin Yao, Ren-Ao Gu

Journal of Electrochemistry

Agcore Aushell nanowires with different thicknesses were prepared by combining template synthesis and chemical reduction method,and characterized by SEM and cyclic voltammetry(CV).The CV results revealed that the AgcoreAushell nanowires with pinhole were transferred to pinhole free structure after several potential scans.By using thiophenol(TP)and p-aminothiophenol(PATP)as probe,the surface enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)effect was investigated on the core-shell nanowires.The results indicated that AgcoreAushell nanowires could be served as a potential SERS substrate,and the difference in the spectral feature of PATP adsorbed onto Au and Ag nanowires enable us to diagnose the pinhole effect of core-shell nanowires by SERS.

Electricity Generation From A Microbial Fuel Cell Employing Desulfovibrio Salexigens, Ping Ding, Hai-Bo Shao, Guang-Zhou Liu, Dong-Xia Duan, Ting Ma, Si-Jun Chen, Jian-Ming Wang, Jian-Qing Zhang

Journal of Electrochemistry

A microbial fuel cell of laboratory scale employing Desulfovibrio salexigens in lactate based seawater substrate was proposed.Electricity was continuously harvested after inoculation.During 20 days of fermentation/discharge,COD values of the substrate decreased by 61.7%,in which 9.81% was converted to electricity.

Study On The Electrogeneration And Properties Of Superoxide Ion In Aprotic Media By Using Carbon Nanotubes Powder Microelectrode, Ying-Liang Wei, Chen Shao, Hui Feng

Journal of Electrochemistry

Multi-wall carbon nanotubes are filled in the cavity at the tip of a microelectrode to form a carbon nanotubes powder microelectrode(CNTs-PME).The CNTs-PME is used to study the electrochemical reduction of oxygen in aprotic media.It is a nearly reversible redox process of the O₂/O₂^- couple at the CNTs-PME in the dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO)solution.The heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant(ks)can be measured by steady-state voltammogram and the result is 9.8 10^-3cm /s.As a weak oxidant,the reaction of O₂^- with epinephrine was studied by cyclic voltammetry.Additionally,the reaction of O₂^- with benzoic acid was also discussed …

Modification Of Electrolytic Manganese Dioxide, Shu-Rong Ding, Xin-Hai Li, Zhi-Xing Wang, Hua-Jun Guo

Journal of Electrochemistry

The EMD samples coated with CMD-Bi compound were prepared by liquid-phase surface treatment method.XRD and SEM research indicated that the modified manganese dioxide, i.e, EMD/CMD-Bi, could keep γ-MnO₂ crystal structure of EMD and had more pores on its surface with an obvious floccule layer.Electrochemical test indicated that the second electron reduction peak current increased by 1.5 times and the discharge capacity increased by 40.8% and 78.3% respectively than that of pure EMD electrode under the condition of-0.8 V(vs.Hg/HgO) cut-off voltage at 30.8 mA/g and 102.7 mA/g current density.

Electrochemical Performance Of Li(1-X)MXFepo4 Cathode Materials Synthesized By Polymer Pyrolysis Route, Ting Li, Jiang-Feng Qian, Yu-Liang Cao, Han-Xi Yang, Xin-Ping Ai

Journal of Electrochemistry

Olivine Li_1-xM_xFePO₄(M=Cr³⁺, Mg²⁺, Mn²⁺, Ni²⁺) were synthesized by a polyacrylates-pyrolysis route. The structural and electrochemical properties of the as-synthesized cathode materials were investigated by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical charge/discharge cycling. The results indicate that the metallic ions doped at low concentration do not affect the crystalline structure of the material, but considerably improve the rate capability and cycle performance of LiFePO₄ at high rate.

Pt-Ru Nanoparticles Supported On Carbon Nanotubes As Methanol Fuel Cell Catalysts, Liang Li, Yangchuan Xing

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Bimetallic Pt - Ru alloy catalysts have been demonstrated to be more active than pure Pt catalysts in the electrooxidation of methanol. We report here a study on Pt - Ru nanoparticle catalysts supported on sonochemically functionalized carbon nanotubes. the catalysts were prepared by directly reducing the corresponding salts, K2PtCl4 and K 2RuCl5, in an ethylene glycol aqueous solution containing dispersed carbon nanotubes. Three catalysts of different Pt to Ru atomic ratios, namely, Pt53Ru47, Pt69Ru31, and Pt77Ru23, were prepared for investigation of the compositional effects, It was shown that highly dispersed bimetallic Pt - Ru alloy nanoparticles with no agglomeration …

Pharmacokinetics Of Ultrasonically-Released, Micelle-Encapsulated Doxorubicin In The Rat Model And Its Effect On Tumor Growth, Bryant J. Staples

Theses and Dissertations

Chemotherapy is one of the most successful cancer treatments used today. Unfortunately, the amount of chemotherapy a patient can receive is limited by the associated negative side effects, such as cardiotoxicity, immune system suppression, and nephrotoxicity. Encapsulation of these drugs, Doxorubicin (DOX) in particular, in stabilized Pluronic micelles (Plurogel TM) shows success in limiting these harmful side effects. In previous studies, low-frequency ultrasound (US) has been shown, in vitro, to locally release DOX from these micelles. In this study, a novel drug delivery system involving the encapsulation of DOX in Plurogel and the release of the drug at the tumor …

A Computational Study Of The Distribution Of Particles In A Lab-Scale Cfb Boiler, Kim G. Hansen, Tron Solberg, Bjorn H. Hjertager

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

When two-fluid modeling is used to predict riser flows there have been difficulties in predicting the solids hold up in risers represented by the correct pressure drop profile. A way of encountering this inherent problem in current Eulerian-Eulerian CFD modeling is to approximate the actual particle size distribution by using more particle phases instead of the current practice of using one mean diameter. For the lab-scale CFB investigated, CFD simulations show that a mal-distribution occurs in the CFB; the larger particles are retained in the riser, whereas the intermediate and small particles are distributed both in the return leg and …

Flow Structures In The Bottom Region Of Riser, Haiyan Zhu, Jesse Zhu

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

This paper studied hydrodynamic characteristics in bottom region of CFB risers with FCC particles over a wide range of operating conditions. Results included solids concentration, particle velocity, and probability density distributions. Comparisons were made between flow structures in riser bottom region and that in bubbling and turbulent fluidized bed.

Hydrodynamic Characteristics Of A Fluidized Bed With Rotating Distributor, C. Sobrino, S. Sánchez-Delgado, J. A. Almendros-Ibáñez, M. De Vega, U. Ruiz-Rivas, D. Santana

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The performance of a novel rotating distributor fluidized bed is presented. The pressure drop and the standard deviation of pressure fluctuations, σp, were used to find the minimum fluidization velocity, Umf, and to characterize the quality of fluidization at different rotational speeds of the distributor plate. Experiments were conducted in the freely bubbling regime in a 0.19 m i.d. fluidized bed, operating with Group B particles according to Geldart’s classification. A decrease in Umf is observed when the rotational speed increases. Frequency analysis of pressure fluctuations shows that fluidization can be controlled by the adjustable rotational speed, at several excess …

Friction Between Gas-Solid Suspension And Circulating Fluidized Bed Downers, Xiaobo Qi, Hui Zhang, Jesse Zhu

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Friction between co-current downflow gas-solid suspension and the column wall was investigated. A new model to predict pressure drops due to friction between the gas-solid suspension in the fully developed section and the downer wall was developed. The results show that the friction between the gas-solids suspension and the downer wall causes a significant deviation of the apparent solids concentrations from the actual ones, especially for those operating conditions with higher superficial gas velocities and solids circulation rates. When the superficial gas velocity is greater than 8 m/s, the actual solids concentrations in the fully developed region of the downer …

Measurement Of Gas Velocities In The Presence Of Solids In The Riser Of A Cold Flow Circulating Fluidized Bed, James Spenik, J. Christopher Ludlow, Rex Compston, Ronald W. Breault

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The local gas velocity and the intensity of the gas turbulence in a gas/solid flow are a required measurement in validating the gas and solids flow structure predicted by computational fluid dynamic (CFD) models in fluid bed and transport reactors. The high concentration and velocities of solids, however, make the use of traditional gas velocity measurement devices such as pitot tubes, hot wire anemometers and other such devices difficult. A method of determining these velocities has been devised at the National Energy Technology Laboratory employing tracer gas. The technique developed measures the time average local axial velocity gas component of …

Ozone Decomposition In A Downer Reactor, W. Song, Chigang Fan, Yong Zhang, Weigang Lin, Xiaotao Bi

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Catalytic ozone decomposition was conducted in an 8.20 m high, 0.09 m inner diameter downer. The ozone concentration profiles were measured under a series of operating conditions. It is found that the ozone distribution in a downer is generally more uniform both axially and laterally than in a riser, and that there exists a relatively significant non-uniform distribution in the entrance acceleration region of the downer.he increase of solid mass flow rate will slightly increase the ozone decomposition. In addition, the acceleration region has a great effect on the reaction.

On The Motion Of Fluidized Granular Currents: Motion Along Horizontal Surfaces, David E. Jessop, M. A. Gilbertson, A. J. Hogg

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

The motion of fuidised granular currents over horizontal surfaces is investigated experi- mentally and by mathematical modelling of solid and fluid phases. Analytical solutions for the bulk motion were tested by experiments involving material being introduced at a constant volume flux, and a reasonable agreement found between theoretical predictions and laboratory measurements.

Transient Characterization Of Type B Particles In A Transport Riser, Lawrence J. Shadle, Esmail R. Monazam, Joseph S. Mei

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Simple and rapid dynamic tests were used to evaluate fluid dynamic behavior of granular materials in the transport regime. Particles with densities ranging from 189 to 2,500 kg/m3 and Sauter mean size from 61 to 812 μm were tested in a 0.305 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser. The transient tests involved the abrupt stoppage of solids flow for each granular material over a wide range gas flow rates. The riser emptying time was linearly related to the Froude number in each of three different operating regimes. The flow structure along the height of the riser …

Modeling On Heterogeneous Structure In Acceleration Regime Of Gas-Solid Riser Flows, Chao Zhu, Jun You, Dawei Wang, Liang-Shih Fan

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Recent measurement of solid concentration in gas-solid riser flows by Electric Capacitance Tomography (ECT) reveals a strong heterogeneous structure, typically represented by a core-annulus-wall zone pattern. In this paper we present a mechanistic model in which the formation of the heterogeneous structure is due to the radial migration of solid flow from the wall toward center as well as due to the non-uniform acceleration of solids across the cross-section near the bottom of the riser. Firstly we present the general governing equations and discuss problem closure; then a simplified model with one-way flow coupling between the wall region and the …

Liquid Feed Injection In A High Density Riser, S. Gehrke, K. E. Wirth

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

First investigations on liquid feed injection in a high density circulating fluidized bed of FCC particles were done by means of fast responding thermocouples, capacitance and conductivity probes. The results imply very limited radial mixing between dry solids, wet solids and liquid for the injection parallel to the hot up-streaming gas-solid flow.

Flow Regime Study In A High Density Circulating Fluidized Bed Riser With An Abrupt Exit, Joseph Mei, Lawrence J. Shadle, Paul C. Yue, Esmail R. Monazam

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

Flow regime study was conducted in a 0.3 m diameter, 15.5 m height circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser with an abrupt exit at the National Energy Technology Laboratory of the U. S. Department of Energy. Local particle velocities were measured at various radial positions and riser heights using an optical fiber probe. On-line measurement of solid circulating rate was continuously recorded by the Spiral. Glass beads of mean diameter 61 μm and particle density of 2,500 kg/m3 were used as bed material. The CFB riser was operated at various superficial gas velocities ranging from 3 to 7.6 m/s and solid …

Radial Distribution Of Local Concentration Weighted Particle Velocities In High Density Circulating Fluidized Beds, Gorkem Kirbas, Sung Won Kim, Xiaotao Bi, Jim Lim, John R. Grace

The 12th International Conference on Fluidization - New Horizons in Fluidization Engineering

An extensive experimental investigation of radial profiles of concentration -weighted particle velocities was carried out by simultaneously measuring local transient particle velocity, solids concentration and solids flux using a three-fibre optical probe at five axial levels and seven radial locations in a 0.2 m diameter riser operating over a wide range of solids circulation fluxes (198 to 350 kg/m 2s) and superficial gas velocities (6 to 8 m/s). Particle velocities averaged over time and concentration-weighted particle velocities were compared and found to differ from each other, the latter being smaller than the former at most radial locations. The difference, which …