Engineering Commons^™

Electro-Chemical Oxidation Kinetics Of The V(Iv) In The Sulfuric Acid Solution, Yong-Lian Qiao, Qian Xu, Jie Zhang, Yu-Chun Zhai

Journal of Electrochemistry

The electro-chemical oxidation kinetics for V(IV) in the sulfuric acid solution were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and steady state polarization curves at a graphite,platinum or conducting polymer electrode.Some kinetics parameters for the electrochemical reaction of V(IV) were calculated according to the Tafel curves.The results showed that the exchange current density and reversibility of V(V)/V(IV) redox reaction at the graphite electrode is largest among the three electrodes.There is the broadest extent of water stability and large oxidgen evolution potential when the conducting polymer was used as a working electrode in the solution of VOSO₄(0.5 mol/L) and H₂SO …

Preparation, Structure, And Cv Study Of The Supported Ptruir/Tic Electrocatalysts For Oxygen Electrodes, Sheng Sui, Li-Rong Ma

Journal of Electrochemistry

The PtRuIr/TiC electrocatalysts were prepared by method of reduction and deposition on TiC powders as supports together with ultrasonic wave dispersion.The sampls were characterized by BET surface area,scanning electron microscope,X-ray diffraction,and cyclic voltammetry techniques.The active components of Pt,Ru,and Ir particles(2.6%Pt,1.3%Ru,16%Ir,and 80%TiC,by mass) were mainly dispersed on the outer surface of the TiC supports,which structures were in favor of fine variable crystallites.It was found that the electrochemical performance of the PtRuIr/TiC electrodes was about three times as that of the unsupported electrocatalysts with the same active compositions for oxygen evolution reaction.After 120 times of CV cycles,there was almost no PtRuIr/TiC dissolving …

Electrocatalytic Oxidation Of Methanol At The Nano Ni-B Amorphous Alloy Powdermicroelectrode, Yi-Xiong Zheng, Shi-Bing Yao, Shao-Min Zhou

Journal of Electrochemistry

Electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol at the nano Ni-B amorphous alloy powder-microelectrode in alkaline media was studied by using cyclic voltammetry.Compared to the highly preferred orientation(220) nickel electrode,The onset potential of methanol electrooxidation at the nano Ni-B microelectrode is negatively shifted about 0.04V,and the current density is increased approximately by 2 orders of magnitude.Thus,the nano Ni-B microelectrode has very strong electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of methanol.The kinetic parameters were determined with the steady polarization curves.The results show that the rate constants for both the oxidation of Ni(Ⅱ) to Ni(Ⅲ) and the reduction of Ni(Ⅲ) to Ni(Ⅱ) at the nano Ni-B …

The Syntheses And Electrochemical Performance Of Nano-Mno2 For Supercapacitor, Jun Ma, Ming-Sen Zheng, Quan-Feng Dong

Journal of Electrochemistry

Nano-manganese dioxide were prepared by two different methods which are low temperature solid reaction and chemical deposition.The products were characterized by XRD,SEM,BET and constant current charge-discharge tests.The result shows that there is a close relationship between specific capacitance and BET surface areas.Meanwhile the specific capacitance was impacted little by the structure of the nano-manganese dioxides.However,the product performance of high rates,was influenced by structure,the higher rate can be obtained with the more perfect crystal structure.

Analysis Of Thermal Effects In Infrared And Interference Microscopy: N-Butane-5a And Methanol-Ferrierite Systems, Lars Heinke, Christian Chmelik, Pavel Kortunov, Dhananjai B. Shah, S. Brandani, Douglas M. Ruthven, Jörg Kärger

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Recently, infrared and interference microscopy methods have been increasingly applied to measure internal concentration gradients and hence the uptake of different adsorbates in zeolite crystals. In contrast to conventional macroscopic batch uptake techniques, these microscopic/mesoscopic methods measure changes associated with single zeolite crystals. The analysis of data from these measurements to determine micropore diffusivities has been performed on the basis of the assumption that isothermal conditions prevail during both the adsorption and desorption experiments. This assumption is critically examined in this paper for the case of methanol diffusion in ferrierite crystals during adsorption and desorption to vacuum. It is shown …

Two-Dimensional Modeling Of Ap/Htpb Utilizing A Vorticity Formulation And One-Dimensional Modeling Of Ap And Adn, Matthew L. Gross

Theses and Dissertations

This document details original numerical studies performed by the author pertaining to the propellant oxidizer, ammonium perchlorate (AP). Detailed kinetic mechanisms have been utilized to model the combustion of the monopropellants AP and ADN, and a two-dimensional diffusion flame model has been developed to examine the flame structure above an AP/HTPB composite propellant. This work was part of an ongoing effort to develop theoretically based, a priori combustion models. The improved numerical model for AP combustion utilizes a “universal” gas-phase kinetic mechanism previously applied to combustion models of HMX, RDX, GAP, GAP/RDX, GAP/HMX, NG, BTTN, TMETN, GAP/BTTN, and GAP/RDX/BTTN. The …

The Effect Of Flame Structure On Soot Formation And Transport In Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames Using Direct Numerical Simulation, David O. Lignell, Jacqueline H. Chen, Philip J. Smith, Tianfeng Lu, Chung K. Law

Faculty Publications

Direct numerical simulations of a two-dimensional, nonpremixed, sooting ethylene flame are performed to examine the effects of soot–flame interactions and transport in an unsteady configuration. A 15-step, 19-species (with 10 quasi-steady species) chemical mechanism was used for gas chemistry, with a two-moment, four-step, semiempirical soot model. Flame curvature is shown to result in flames that move, relative to the fluid, either toward or away from rich soot formation regions, resulting in soot being essentially convected into or away from the flame. This relative motion of flame and soot results in a wide spread of soot in the mixture fraction coordinate. …

Research On Establishment Of Oil Spill Emergency Response System In China Qingdao Port Based On Ann, Ge Zhang

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Application Of Iso Tank In Chemimcal Logisitcs In China And Relative Issues, Hao Zhang

World Maritime University Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Heterogeneous Catalysis And Biodiesel Forming Reactions, Dora Lopez

All Dissertations

Biodiesel, defined as 'a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats', is finding favor commercially worldwide. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of solid catalysts for triglyceride transesterification and carboxylic acid esterification to produce biodiesel fuel.
Processes using mainly homogeneous alkali catalysts (such as NaOH, KOH, and methoxides) have been shown to be effective for biodiesel synthesis when dealing with virgin oil feedstocks. Use of acid catalysts (e.g., H2SO4) becomes important when processing low quality feedstocks that contain appreciable amounts of free fatty acids, such as …

Biodiesel Forming Reactions Using Heterogneous Catalysis, Yijun Liu

All Dissertations

Biodiesel synthesis from biomass provides a means for utilizing effectively renewable resources, a way to convert waste vegetable oils and animal fats to a useful product, a way to recycle carbon dioxide for a combustion fuel, and production of a fuel that is biodegradable, non-toxic, and has a lower emission profile than petroleum-diesel. Free fatty acid (FFA) esterification and triglyceride (TG) transesterification with low molecular weight alcohols constitute the synthetic routes to prepare biodiesel from lipid feedstocks. This project was aimed at developing a better understanding of important fundamental issues involved in heterogeneous catalyzed biodiesel forming reactions using mainly model …

Thermodynamic Adsorption Studies Of Peptides On Well-Defined, Surface-Confined Polymers With Applications In Membrane Bioseparations, Nripen Singh

All Dissertations

This dissertation deals with the fundamental studies of peptide adsorption on surfaces modified by surface-confined polymer films, with an application emphasis on membrane bioseparations. In order to understand protein adsorption at a fundamental level, it is important to study the specific residue-level interactions with surfaces. Keeping this idea in view, the present work describes experimental measurements of submolecular-level interaction energies involved in the process of peptide adsorption on polymer films using surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy. Gibbs energy change on adsorption (ΔGad) for tyrosine, phenylalanine, and glycine homopeptides were measured at 25 °C and pH 7 on highly uniform, nanothin polymer …

Security Printing: Towards Hologram Printing, Sachin Ravindra Agate

Masters Theses

Today we are facing many situations where the genuineness of the products and documents is questioned. Counterfeiting the original products has become a business of few people, which result in the degradation of quality of products, loss of money and loss of faith of end user. To prevent such malicious act, security features are added in the final product. Security printing is one of those methods that help in preventing counterfeit products and treachery. There are many different security features, which can be added in the security printing. Apart from those features, an embossed hologram is also included in prints …

Influence Of Two Changes In The Composition Of An Acrylic Bone Cement On Its Handling, Thermal, Physical, And Mechanical Properties, G. Lewis, J. Xu, S. Madigan, Mark R. Towler

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

This study is a contribution to the growing body of work on the influence of changes in the composition of an acrylic bone cement on various properties of the curing and cured material. The focus is on one commercially-available acrylic bone cement brand, Surgical Simplex®P, and three variants of it and a series of properties, namely, setting time, maximum exotherm temperature, activation energy and frequency factor for the polymerization reaction, diffusion coefficient for the uptake of phosphate buffered saline, at 37°C, ultimate compressive strength (UCS), plane-strain fracture toughness, fatigue life (under fully-reversed tension-compression stress), hardness (H) and elastic modulus (both …

A Chemical Engineering Laboratory Over Distributed Control And Measurement Systems, Jing Guo, David Kettler, Muthanna H. Al-Dahhan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Remote Control of Lab Apparatus Via the Internet Allows Flexible Scheduling of Experiments and Exercises. This Paper Presents a Novel Application of Computers and Internet Technology in Chemical Engineering Education that Highlights Interactive Learning for an Undergraduate Course in Online Measurement and Control. the Proposed Client-Server Architecture Can Be Adapted to Drive Different Kinds of Devices and Can Be Easily Expanded. the Developed Online Laboratory Has Been Tested by Many Students using Different Connections and Operating Conditions. This Internet-Based Solution Can Improve Undergraduate Engineering Education in a Conventional Unit Operation Laboratory. as an Example, the Application of Remote Experiments to …

New Theoretical Considerations In Polymer Rheology: Elastic Breakdown Of Chain Entanglement Network, Shi-Qing Wang, Sham Ravindranath, Yangyang Wang, Pouyan Boukany

College of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering

Recent experimental evidence has motivated us to present a set of new theoretical considerations and to provide a rationale for interpreting the intriguing flow phenomena observed in entangled polymer solutions and melts [P. Tapadia and S. Q. Wang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 016001 (2006); 96, 196001 (2006); S. Q. Wang , ibid. 97, 187801 (2006)]. Three forces have been recognized to play important roles in controlling the response of a strained entanglement network. During flow, an intermolecular locking force f(iml) arises and causes conformational deformation in each load-bearing strand between entanglements. The chain deformation builds up a retractive force f(retract) …

Anwendung Von Interferenz- Und Ir-Mikroskopie Zur Charakterisierung Und Untersuchung Des Stofftransportes In Nanoporösen Materialien, Lars Heinke, Christian Chmelik, Pavel Kortunov, Sergey Vasenkov, Douglas M. Ruthven, Dhananjai B. Shah, Jörg Kärger

Chemical & Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications

Die Anwendung der Interferenz-Mikroskopie bedeutet einen entscheidenden Durchbruch in der Untersuchung des Stofftransports von Gastmolekülen in nanoporösen Wirtsmaterialien. Diese Technik ermöglicht die Beobachtung der zeitaufgelösten intrakristallinen Konzentrationsprofile, die durch eine Änderung des umgebenden Gasdruckes entstehen. Dieser Ansatz wurde zur Untersuchung von Adsorptions- und Desorptionsprozessen in verschiedenen Zeolithsystemen verwendet. Die Vorteile dieser Technik, vor allem wenn sie mit Infrarotabsorptionsmessungen kombiniert wird, werden an Hand der experimentellen Resultate des Methanol-in-Ferrierit-Systems illustriert.

Influence Of Acid Washing On The Surface Morphology Of Ionomer Glasses And Handling Properties Of Glass Ionomer Cements, C. M. Crowley, J. Doyle, Mark R. Towler, N. Rushe, S. Hampshire

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

Acid washing is known to influence the handling properties of ionomer glasses used in glass ionomer cements due to the production of an ion depleted zone on the surface of the glass particles. The influence of acid washing on the particle size distribution and surface area of four glasses was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), particle size analysis (PSA) and accelerated surface area porosimetry (ASAP) and the working and setting times of cements, produced from the glasses, correlated to changes in surface morphology. A linear relationship was found between the specific surface area of acid-washed SiO₂-Al_{2 …}

Vibrational Modes Of ⁴He And H₂ Gases Adsorbed On Carbon Nanotubes, Silvina M. Gatica, Angela D. Lueking, W. Milton Cole, Gerald D. Mahan

Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Faculty Research & Creative Works

We present calculations of the breathing mode phonon frequencies of ⁴He and H₂ physically adsorbed on the outside surface of one or more carbon nanotubes. Two geometries are considered. The first is a single, isolated nanotube, upon which the gas is adsorbed as a commensurate phase. The second is a quasi-one-dimensional "groove" phase nestled between two nanotubes. While the computed breathing mode frequencies depend on nanotube radius and the adsorbate, in general, they are of the same order of magnitude as those of the bare nanotubes.

The Effect Of Alternative Fuels And Aftertreatment Devices On Measured Mobile School Bus Emissions, Andrew Todd Toback

Theses and Dissertations

Since January 2002, the New Jersey Department of Transportation (NJDOT) has sponsored a research study at Rowan University to develop strategies for reducing diesel emissions from mobile sources such as school buses and class 8 trucks. This thesis presents research conducted on reducing emissions from school buses during mobile operating conditions. Four fuel blends and three aftertreatment devices were tested on three school bus engines.

For all of the tests, exhaust gas emission measurements were made using a Sensors Semtech-D to measure CO, CO₂, NO₂, NO, O₂, and HC, along with a Sensors PM-300 …

Comprehensive Study Of Biomass Fly Ash In Concrete: Strength, Microscopy, Kinetics And Durability, Shuangzhen Wang, Larry Baxter

Faculty Publications

ASTM (American Standard Testing and Materials) C 618 prohibits use of biomass fly ash in concrete. This document systematically investigates the strength, microscopic study and durability (mitigation of Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR) expansion) of biomass fly ash concrete (cement partially replaced by fly ash) and kinetics of the mixture of biomass fly ash and calcium hydroxide. The biomass fly ash in the investigation comes from cofired (herbaceous with coal) fly ash, which includes different kinds of coal and biomass. All the results show that biomass fly ash with cofiring concentration within the interest to commercial coal–biomass cofiring operations at power …

Potential Energy Surfaces For Small Alcohol Dimers. Ii. Propanol, Isopropanol, T-Butanol, And Sec-Butanol, Richard L. Rowley, Christopher M. Tracy, Tapani A. Pakkanen

Faculty Publications

Potential energy landscapes for homogeneous dimers of propanol, isopropanol, tert-butanol, and sec-butanol were obtained using 735 counterpoise-corrected energies at the MP2/6-311+G(2df,2pd) level. The landscapes were sampled at 15 dimer separation distances for different relative monomer geometries, or routes, given in terms of the yaw, pitch, and roll of one monomer relative to the other and the spherical angles between the two monomer centers (taken as the C atom attached to the O). The resultant individual energy surfaces and their complex topographies were also regressed using a site-site pair potential model using a modified Morse potential that provides a mathematically simple …

Bubble Dynamics Of Ultrasonic Drug Release From Polymeric Micelles, Mario A. Diaz, William G. Pitt

Faculty Publications

We have reported the ability of Pluronic P-105 micelles to sequester anthracycline drugs and release their contents upon application of 70 kHz ultrasound (US)1 (Figure 1). Optimal targeting to tumors depends on focus and control of US insonation, which is better achieved at higher frequencies. While no evidence of in vitro drug release was found at 500 kHz, drug release at 70 kHz correlates with the intensity of the subharmonic signal in the acoustic spectrum generated by the insonated bubbles2(Figure 2). Having established that bubble oscillations (cavitation) are directly related to drug release at 70 kHz, we now investigate the …

Ultrasonically-Assisted Drug Delivery In Rats Reduces Tumor Growth, William G. Pitt, Beverly L. Roeder, G. Bruce Schaalje, Bryant J. Staples

Faculty Publications

Previously we have shown that nanosized drug carriers called Plurogels™ sequestered Doxorubicin (Dox) and partially released this drug with application of ultrasound (US) (Fig. 1)1. The application to chemotherapy was successfully demonstrated in a rat tumor model2. However previous studies did not examine the distribution of Dox in the insonated and control tissue. This recent work investigated the effect of two US frequencies and examined the Dox distribution in the insonated and control tumors to determine if US was depositing more Dox at the insonated site.

Detection Of Ultrathin Biological Films Using Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Ellipsometry, Dileep K. Goyal, Greg K. Pribil, John A. Woollam, Anuradha Subramanian

Anuradha Subramanian Publications

Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) is a non-contact and a non-destructive optical technique used in characterization of thin films. It is widely used to determine optical constants, thickness in multilayer stacks and microstructure (voids, alloy fraction, or mixed phase composition). This paper reports on a systematic investigation of the optical properties of two different kinds of silane compounds: 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxy-silane (GPS) as well as for immunoglobulin G (IgG) attached to these modified samples using vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic ellipsometry (VUV-SE). VUV-SE is a newly developed technique and used to evaluate the strength and energy of the interband electronic excitations/transitions in these …

Oaming Characteristics Of The Food-Industry Biological Wastewater Treatment Plant, Samwel V. Manyele

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

Intensive foaming observed during aeration of the aerobic food industry wastewater treatment plant is presented. This study was conducted to establish the foaming characteristics using a pilot three-phase fluidized bed bioreactor (TPFBB). A fluidization column (0.2 m i.d. and 6 m high) was used. The TPFBB was loaded with variable masses of novel biomass support particles (BSP). Wastewater samples collected from a plant processing both vegetable oil (VOPWW) and soap (SPWW) were immediately introduced in the TPFBB for aeration. The characteristics studied include: variation of foam volume with time, foam multiplicity, foaming and foam collapse rates. The SPWW produced excessive …

Software Engineering: A Fundamental Approach To Automate And Interface Medical Electronic Systems With Computers In Healthcare Systems, Hashim Twaakyondo

Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology (TJET)

The cost for application software and propriatry standards (i.e. data structure and formats) required for storing clinical datasets from electronic device cause the use of time-consuming paper-based documentation and/or the transfer of electronic lab records manually to the PC database systems in Mother-Offspring Malaria Study (MOMS) Laboratory Unit located in Morogoro Regional Hospital, Tanzania. We have explored the ability to extract laboratory results from Haematology analyzer machine for easy management, access and storage. The methodology and tools used during the study includes; site survey and hands-on practice for requirement engineering, visual basic 6.0 for interface design and Microsoft Access for …

A New Method For Treating Wells In Reservoir Simulation, Gregory M. Gessel

Theses and Dissertations

A new method for formulating finite difference equations for reservoir simulation has been developed. It can be applied throughout the entire simulated reservoir or to local segments. When applied to cells containing vertical, fully penetrating, straight-line wells in a homogeneous reservoir, the resulting equations are equivalent to Peaceman's classical well equations used in most reservoir simulators today. However, when the new finite difference equations are applied to both the well-containing cells, and their neighbors, the accuracy of the simulation improves substantially. The method produces still better accuracy results when applied throughout the reservoir. Unlike the Peaceman correction, the new method …

The Current Generation Of Integrated Engineering Curriculum, Michael A. Collura, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Jean Nocito-Gobel, David Harding

Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications

In September of 2004 our university adopted the Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral Curriculum as the basis for disciplinary engineering programs in Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and General Engineering. The curriculum includes a sequence of first and second year engineering courses, matched closely with the development of students’ mathematical sophistication and analytical capabilities and integrated with course work in the sciences. Students develop a conceptual understanding of engineering basics in this series of courses which stress practical applications of these principles. The new curriculum was designed to provide students with a multidisciplinary perspective while developing basic engineering skills and fostering an …

Civil And Mechanical Engineering Students Learning Mechanics In A Multidisciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral, Jean Nocito-Gobel, Gregory Broderick, Samuel Bogan Daniels, Michael Collura, Richard Stanley

Engineering and Applied Science Education Faculty Publications

This paper describes how mechanical and civil engineering students are introduced to and develop an understanding of mechanics concepts through a sequence of integrated courses as part of a new curriculum taken during the freshman and sophomore years. The Multi- Disciplinary Engineering Foundation Spiral is a four-semester sequence of engineering courses, matched closely with the development of students’ mathematical sophistication and analytical capabilities and integrated with course work in the sciences. Students develop a conceptual understanding of engineering basics in this series of courses, which stress practical applications of these principles. Mechanics concepts are introduced in a pair of first …