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Articles 4591 - 4620 of 11490
Full-Text Articles in Engineering
Design And Testing Of An Agonist-Antagonist Position-Impedance Controlled Myoelectric Prosthesis, Christopher Aymonin
Design And Testing Of An Agonist-Antagonist Position-Impedance Controlled Myoelectric Prosthesis, Christopher Aymonin
Theses and Dissertations
Intuitive prosthetic control is limited by the inability to easily convey intention and perceive physical requirements of the task. Rather than providing haptic feedback and allowing users to consciously control every component of manipulation, relegating some aspects of control to the device may simplify operation. This study focuses on the development and testing of a control scheme able to identify object stiffness and regulate impedance. The system includes an algorithm to detect the apparent stiffness of an object, a proportional nonlinear EMG control algorithm for interpreting a user’s desired grasp aperture, and an antagonistically acting impedance controller. Performance of a …
Type 2 Diabetes Leads To Impairment Of Cognitive Flexibility And Disruption Of Excitable Axonal Domains In The Brain, Leonid M. Yermakov
Type 2 Diabetes Leads To Impairment Of Cognitive Flexibility And Disruption Of Excitable Axonal Domains In The Brain, Leonid M. Yermakov
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disease affecting millions of people around the world. Cognitive and mood impairments are among its many debilitating complications, but disease mechanism(s) remain elusive. Here, we present a series of behavioral tasks that demonstrate impairment of cognitive flexibility in db/db mice, a commonly used type 2 diabetes model. Using immunohistochemistry, we demonstrate disruption of axon initial segments (AIS) and nodes of Ranvier, excitable axonal domains regulating neuronal output, in brain regions associated with cognitive and mood impairments. Finally, we present results of exercise treatment that ameliorates AIS disruption in these animals. Establishing cognitive flexibility deficits …
Computational Simulation Of A Femoral Nail Fracture, Stephen Charles Whatley
Computational Simulation Of A Femoral Nail Fracture, Stephen Charles Whatley
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Every year in the United States roughly 300,000 people over the age of 65 suffer from a hip fracture. Ninety five percent of which are the result from a fall. The resulting hip fracture can be classified into several categories of fracture. Depending on the damage the patient could be implanted with a femoral nail device to assist in their recovery. These devices can, however, have complications during recovery. In some cases, these nails can have a failure rate as high as 10%. When failure occurs, extensive investigations are needed to determine the causes of failure. These investigations involve physical …
Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels For Total Wound Care Devices, Tushar Goswami
Chondroitin Sulfate Hydrogels For Total Wound Care Devices, Tushar Goswami
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a naturally occurring bio-polymer found in areas of high cartilage in mammals. In directed applications, such as hydrogels, CS can be used to impact keratinocyte growth cycles. In this work, CS based hydrogels were utilized to accelerate wound healing and, in conjunction with a graphene sensor, monitor wound fluid pH. The hydrogels were cast onto a graphene field effect transistor (GFET) to obtain the benefits of the hydrogel wound healing capabilities, while also utilizing the pH sensitivity of the graphene. Results showed that the hydrogel caused a fivefold increase in cell size over the course of …
Characterizing Basal-Like Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Analysis: A Data Mining Approach, Qamar Alsabi
Characterizing Basal-Like Triple Negative Breast Cancer Using Gene Expression Analysis: A Data Mining Approach, Qamar Alsabi
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is characterized by the absence of expression of the estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Therefore, TNBC is unresponsive to targeted hormonal therapies, which limits treatment options to nonselective chemotherapeutic agents. Basal-like breast cancers (BLBCs) represent a subset of about 70% of TNBCs, more frequently affecting younger patients, being more prevalent in African-American women and significantly more aggressive than tumors of other molecular subtypes, with high rates of proliferation and extremely poor clinical outcomes. Proper classification of BLBCs using current pathological tools has been a major challenge. Although TNBCs have …
Manipulation Of The Precursor Supply For High-Level Production Of Longifolene By Metabolically Engineered Escherichia Coli, Yujin Cao, Rubing Zhang, Wei Liu, Guang Zhao, Wei Niu, Jiantao Guo, Mo Xian, Huizhou Liu
Manipulation Of The Precursor Supply For High-Level Production Of Longifolene By Metabolically Engineered Escherichia Coli, Yujin Cao, Rubing Zhang, Wei Liu, Guang Zhao, Wei Niu, Jiantao Guo, Mo Xian, Huizhou Liu
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering: Faculty Publications
Longifolene is a naturally occurring tricyclic sesquiterpene widely used in many different fields. Up to now, this valuable terpene was mainly manufactured from the high-boiling fraction of certain pine resins. Microbial production can be a promising alternative to the extraction from natural plant sources. Here, we present the metabolic engineering strategy to assemble biosynthetic pathway for longifolene production in Escherichia coli. E. coli was rendered to produce longifolene by heterologously expressing a codon optimized longifolene synthase from Picea abies. Augmentation of the metabolic flux to farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) by different FPP synthases conferred a 1.8-fold increase in longifolene …
The Small Rna Teg41 Regulates Expression Of The Alpha Phenol-Soluble Modulins And Is Required For Virulence In Staphylococcus Aureus, Rachel L. Zapf, Richard E. Wiemels, Rebecca A. Keogh, Donald L. Holzschu, Kayla M. Howell, Emily Trzeciak, Andrew R. Caillet, Kellie A. King, Samantha A. Selhorst, Michael J. Naldrett, Jeffrey L. Bose, Ronan K. Carroll
The Small Rna Teg41 Regulates Expression Of The Alpha Phenol-Soluble Modulins And Is Required For Virulence In Staphylococcus Aureus, Rachel L. Zapf, Richard E. Wiemels, Rebecca A. Keogh, Donald L. Holzschu, Kayla M. Howell, Emily Trzeciak, Andrew R. Caillet, Kellie A. King, Samantha A. Selhorst, Michael J. Naldrett, Jeffrey L. Bose, Ronan K. Carroll
Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Small RNAs (sRNAs) remain an understudied class of regulatory molecules in bacteria in general and in Gram-positive bacteria in particular. In the major human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, hundreds of sRNAs have been identified; however, only a few have been characterized in detail. In this study, we investigate the role of the sRNA Teg41 in S. aureus virulence. We demonstrate that Teg41, an sRNA divergently transcribed from the locus that encodes the cytolytic alpha phenolsoluble modulin (αPSM) peptides, plays a critical role in αPSM production. Overproduction of Teg41 leads to an increase in αPSM levels and a corresponding increase in …
Delineating The Role Of Fanca In Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion In Β Cells Through Its Protein Interactome, Dragana Lagundzin, Wen-Feng Hu, Henry C. H. Law, Kimiko L. Krieger, Fangfang Qiao, Emalie J. Clement, Andjela T. Drincic, Olgica Nedic, Michael J. Naldrett, Sophie Alvarez, Nicholas T. Woods
Delineating The Role Of Fanca In Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion In Β Cells Through Its Protein Interactome, Dragana Lagundzin, Wen-Feng Hu, Henry C. H. Law, Kimiko L. Krieger, Fangfang Qiao, Emalie J. Clement, Andjela T. Drincic, Olgica Nedic, Michael J. Naldrett, Sophie Alvarez, Nicholas T. Woods
Nebraska Center for Biotechnology: Faculty and Staff Publications
Hyperinsulinemia affects 72% of Fanconi anemia (FA) patients and an additional 25% experience lowered glucose tolerance or frank diabetes. The underlying molecular mechanisms contributing to the dysfunction of FA pancreas β cells is unknown. Therefore, we sought to evaluate the functional role of FANCA, the most commonly mutated gene in FA, in glucosestimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). This study reveals that FANCA or FANCB knockdown impairs GSIS in human pancreas β cell line EndoC-βH3. To identify potential pathways by which FANCA might regulate GSIS, we employed a proteomics approach to identify FANCA protein interactions in EndoC-βH3 differentially regulated in response to …
Laxity Of The Hip Capsule In Natural And Posteriorly Implanted Specimens, Luke Storer
Laxity Of The Hip Capsule In Natural And Posteriorly Implanted Specimens, Luke Storer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The hip capsule consists of ligament tissue that surrounds the hip joint, providing stability to ensure proper alignment, prevent dislocation, and facilitate proper joint function. The objective of this study was to characterize the torque-rotation response of the natural and posteriorly implanted hip capsule in healthy cadaveric specimens in multiple degrees-of-freedom (DOF) and under combined loading scenarios using the AMTI VIVO, a robotic joint simulator. The anterior portion of the hip capsule was stained with Methylene Blue and virtual extensometers were calculated by Digital Image Correlation (DIC) software for Finite Element Analysis (FEA) model validation. The range of motion (ROM) …
Neuron-Glial (Ng) Interactions: A Microfluidic Examination Of Ng Emergent Responses For Repair, Tanya Singh
Neuron-Glial (Ng) Interactions: A Microfluidic Examination Of Ng Emergent Responses For Repair, Tanya Singh
Dissertations and Theses
Neuron-glia communication is crucial to the development, plasticity, and repair of the nervous system (NS). While neurons are well known to conduct electrical impulses that transfer biological information and stimuli throughout the NS, our understanding of the roles of glia continues to evolve from when the cells were largely believed to act solely for neuronal support. Recent decades of research has shown that glia can alter metabolism, conduct impulses and change phenotype for NS repair. NG interactions have, thereby, become heavily researched in varied areas of biomedical engineering, including embryogenesis, neural regeneration, growth, and intracellular synaptic activity. However, while NG …
Controlled Migration Of Retinal Progenitor Cells Within Electro-Chemotactic Fields, Shawn Mishra
Controlled Migration Of Retinal Progenitor Cells Within Electro-Chemotactic Fields, Shawn Mishra
Dissertations and Theses
Vision loss in retinal degenerative diseases is overwhelmingly attributed to damage and death of retinal photoreceptor cells. Studies in mouse retina have suggested that transplantation of isolated post-natal or stem cell-derived retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) to replace apoptotic or damaged photoreceptors may be a novel approach to restore vision. Thus far, outcomes project that the amount of restored visual response depends upon the migration of transplanted cells from insertion in the sub-retinal space to the outer nuclear layer (ONL). However, transplantation efficiency is exceedingly low – ~5% cells transplanted enter the retina – directly limiting the efficacy of the treatments. …
Translational Modeling Of Non-Invasive Electrical Stimulation, Dennis Quangvinh Truong
Translational Modeling Of Non-Invasive Electrical Stimulation, Dennis Quangvinh Truong
Dissertations and Theses
Seminal work in the early 2000’s demonstrated the effect of low amplitude non-invasive electrical stimulation in people using neurophysiological measures (motor evoked potentials, MEPs). Clinical applications of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) have since proliferated, though the mechanisms are not fully understood. Efforts to refine the technique to improve results are on-going as are mechanistic studies both in vivo and in vitro. Volume conduction models are being applied to these areas of research, especially in the design and analysis of clinical montages. However, additional research on the parameterization of models remains.
In this dissertation, Finite Element Method (FEM) models of …
Intensification Of Gas Absorption In A Downward Flow Microbubble Bioreactor, Manizheh Ansari
Intensification Of Gas Absorption In A Downward Flow Microbubble Bioreactor, Manizheh Ansari
Dissertations and Theses
Bioreactors are of interest for value-upgrading of stranded or waste industrial gases, such as CO, CH4, or syngas. Process economics requires reduction of reactor cost and size while maintaining high production rate via rapid delivery of gas feedstock to the liquid phase which in turn requires a high volumetric mass transfer rate (). One strategy to achieve this goal is to increase interfacial area density, a, to >3000 m2 m-3, while minimizing use of energy. Here we show a novel reactor column design that uses a micro-jet array to break feedstock at ambient pressure …
Effect Of Hypoxia On Spontaneous Neural Activity In The Cortex Of Neonate Mouse Pups, Krithikka Ravi Ms
Effect Of Hypoxia On Spontaneous Neural Activity In The Cortex Of Neonate Mouse Pups, Krithikka Ravi Ms
Dissertations and Theses
Hypoxia caused by inadequate oxygenation has profound effects on the normal functioning of the brain in mammals. Acute or chronic hypoxic insults occur in the brain depending on the duration of hypoxic exposure. Hypoxia is known to occur in the human womb and exerts adverse effects on the developing fetus. Most of the ongoing research on hypoxia is performed on rodent brain slice taken from various brain regions using intracellular recording. Extensive work has been carried out to understand the effects of chronic hypoxia on the developing nervous system, specifically during intrauterine development. However, effects of acute hypoxia occurring perinatally, …
Collective Behavior Of Drosophila Melanogaster Neural Progenitor And Imaginal Disc Cells Within Controlled Microenvironments, Caroline D. Pena
Collective Behavior Of Drosophila Melanogaster Neural Progenitor And Imaginal Disc Cells Within Controlled Microenvironments, Caroline D. Pena
Dissertations and Theses
Regenerative therapies for the damaged visual system have introduced stem-derived cells to recapitulate developmental processes and initiate functional regeneration in different components of the eye. The developing visual system in Drosophila Melanogaster offers a model in which to analyze the associated processes in retinogenesis. The optic nerve is critical to vision and is developmentally preceded in Drosophila by a structure called the Optic Stalk (OS). Collective migration of neural and retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) from the developing brain lobes (DBL) to the Imaginal Disc (ID), through the OS, is a fundamental part of regenerative strategies in retina. Developmental signals governing …
A Microfluidic Tissue Array (Μfta) For Personalized Medicine Using Tumor Biopsies, A.H. R. Ahmed
A Microfluidic Tissue Array (Μfta) For Personalized Medicine Using Tumor Biopsies, A.H. R. Ahmed
Dissertations and Theses
Cancer is recognized as a complex disease with both genetic and epigenetic drivers that can vary from one individual to another. While very early research into cancer treated it as a clonal malfunction that could originate from as small as a single deregulated cell, the disease itself manifests itself with several more complexities beyond tumorigenic cells only. The tumor microenvironment itself – from the extracellular matrix to stromal cells - cooperate with tumor cells in a symbiotic manner towards metastatic progression. Clinical studies have provided more information regarding the degree of individualization possible, such that patients with similar genetic makeup …
Infection Control In Total Knee Replacement Prosthesis Using Nitric Oxide Releasing Biomaterials, Ashley Widing
Infection Control In Total Knee Replacement Prosthesis Using Nitric Oxide Releasing Biomaterials, Ashley Widing
Master's Theses
Replacing a weight-bearing joint is accompanied by long procedures, even longer recovery times, and intensive monitoring. This burden increases after infection; a complication requiring revision surgeries and therefore extensive additional recovery time. Infection can present itself at any time during the process, making it hard to predict. Currently, a two-part revision surgery is completed by removing all infected tissue and implanting an antibiotic spacer. The spacer fills the joint gap and is removed prior to the revision total knee replacement. A revision total knee replacement follows the same procedure as the initial surgery. Not only is this detrimental to patient …
Adenovirus Co-Opts Neutrophilic Inflammation In Order To Enhance Entry Into Epithelial Cells, James Matthew Readler
Adenovirus Co-Opts Neutrophilic Inflammation In Order To Enhance Entry Into Epithelial Cells, James Matthew Readler
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Human adenoviruses (AdV) are double-stranded DNA viruses that can cause a range of diseases. While AdV respiratory infections are often mild and self-limited, severe manifestations such as fulminant pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are not uncommon. In order to identify potential modalities to treat AdV infections and potentially enhance the effectiveness of AdV vector delivery, a thorough mechanistic understanding of how AdV enters host cells is needed. Previous studies have revealed polarized epithelia, one of the primary targets for AdV respiratory infections, are highly resistant to AdV entry from the apical (luminal) surface. However, upon exposure to interleukin …
Quantification Of Optical Parameters Using Frequency Domain Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Fd-Fnirs), Christopher W. Davies
Quantification Of Optical Parameters Using Frequency Domain Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (Fd-Fnirs), Christopher W. Davies
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a non-invasive technique that uses near-infrared light and hemoglobin as the contrast to characterize tissue optical properties, namely optical absorption [����] and scattering [����′ ]. Through this characterization, it is possible to obtain information about the tissue’s oxygenated (HbO) and deoxygenated (Hb) hemoglobin concentrations and oxygen saturation which are important physiological markers for diagnosis and intervention monitoring. Many commercial devices use a continuous wave approach (CW-fNIRS), a technique that simply relies on intensity changes from a constant power laser to determine only relative changes in oxygenation. This is a significant limitation for clinical settings where …
Rescue Of Als Protein Fus Toxicity By Taf, Elliott Hayden
Rescue Of Als Protein Fus Toxicity By Taf, Elliott Hayden
Browse all Theses and Dissertations
Amyotrophic Lateral Scleroses (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord leading to progressive paralysis and ultimately death within 5 years of symptom onset. Only two drugs are approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treating ALS that slow the disease progression by about 3 months. Mutations in the gene Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) cause inherited forms of ALS. FUS is a nuclear, multifunctional RNA-binding protein (RBP) involved in multiple RNA metabolic pathways. Mutations in FUS cause mislocalization of the protein from the nucleus to …
Biom 4110/6110: The Science Of Medicine (Syllabus), Bradford D. Pendley
Biom 4110/6110: The Science Of Medicine (Syllabus), Bradford D. Pendley
Biomedical Engineering Syllabi Archive
Course Description: Integration of fundamental principles from physics, chemistry, biology and mathematics, and applications of these principles to solve problems in medicine.
Towards The Rational Design And Application Of Polymers For Gene Therapy: Internalization And Intracellular Fate, Landon Alexander Mott
Towards The Rational Design And Application Of Polymers For Gene Therapy: Internalization And Intracellular Fate, Landon Alexander Mott
Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering
Gene therapy is an approach for the treatment of acquired cancers, infectious disease, degenerative disease, and inherited genetic indications. Developments in the fields of immunotherapies and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing are revitalizing the efforts to move gene therapy to the forefront of modern medicine. However, slow progress and poor clinical outcomes have plagued the field due to regulatory and safety concerns associated with the flagship delivery vector, the recombinant virus. Immunogenicity and poor transduction in certain cell types severely limits the utility of viruses as a delivery agent of nucleic acids. As a result, significant efforts are being made to develop …
Cell Surface Coatings For Mammalian Cell-Based Therapeutic Delivery, Pei-Jung Wu
Cell Surface Coatings For Mammalian Cell-Based Therapeutic Delivery, Pei-Jung Wu
Theses and Dissertations--Chemical and Materials Engineering
The cell plasma membrane is an interactive interface playing an important role in regulating cell-to-cell, cell-to-tissue contact, and cell-to-environment responses. This environment-responsive phospholipid layer consisting of multiple dynamically balanced macromolecules, such as membrane proteins, carbohydrate and lipids, is regarded as a promising platform for various surface engineering strategies. Through different chemical modification routes, we are able to incorporate various artificial materials into the cell surface for biomedical applications in small molecule and cellular therapeutics.
In this dissertation, we establish two different cell coating techniques for applications of cell-mediated drug delivery and the localization of cell-based therapies to specific tissues. The …
Expression, Purification, And Characterization Of Recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor In Pichia Pastoris, Henry Hieu Minh Le
Expression, Purification, And Characterization Of Recombinant Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor In Pichia Pastoris, Henry Hieu Minh Le
University of the Pacific Theses and Dissertations
Wounds in the mouth, occurring after oral surgery, take time to heal. No ointment can be added to help with the healing process because mouth saliva will constantly wash it away. In order to combat this problem, we propose engineering a normal flora microbe to grow at the site of injury and secrete a recombinant growth factor to promote healing of the damaged tissue. Our goal is to have the yeast Pichia pastoris produce human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), which aids in cellular proliferation. P. pastoris is a good choice for this application because not only is it considered …
A Survey Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Identification Using Psychophysiological Data, S. De Silva, S. Dayarathna, G. Ariyarathne, D. Meedeniya, Sampath Jayarathna
A Survey Of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Identification Using Psychophysiological Data, S. De Silva, S. Dayarathna, G. Ariyarathne, D. Meedeniya, Sampath Jayarathna
Computer Science Faculty Publications
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neurological disorders among children, that affects different areas in the brain that allows executing certain functionalities. This may lead to a variety of impairments such as difficulties in paying attention or focusing, controlling impulsive behaviours and overreacting. The continuous symptoms may have a severe impact in the long-term. This paper explores the ADHD identification studies using eye movement data and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). This study discusses different machine learning techniques, existing models and analyses the existing literature. We have identified the current challenges and possible future directions …
Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction Estimating The Differences Between 3 Minute And 5 Minute Reactive Hyperemia, Tamiko K. Saldin
Assessing Endothelial Dysfunction Estimating The Differences Between 3 Minute And 5 Minute Reactive Hyperemia, Tamiko K. Saldin
Master's Theses
The purpose of this study was to define a lower standard cuff occlusion time to induce reactive hyperemia in assessing endothelial dysfunction. In this study, strong evidence was found by a novel technique that used oscillometric methods, which supported that 3 minute reactive hyperemia was sufficient to elicit a significant difference in arterial compliance from baseline. Twenty healthy Cal Poly students were assessed, (n=12 female, n=8 male) aged 22 years old with a standard deviation of 2.04 years. Arterial compliance was estimated by measuring the peak-to-peak oscillations for baseline, 3 minute reactive hyperemia, and 5 minute reactive hyperemia tests, with …
Design And Evaluation Of A Non-Contact Bed-Mounted Sensing Device For Automated In-Home Detection Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study, Clara Mosquera-Lopez, Joseph Leitschuh, John Condon, Chad C. Hagen, Uma Rajhbeharrysingh, Cody Hanks, Peter Jacobs
Design And Evaluation Of A Non-Contact Bed-Mounted Sensing Device For Automated In-Home Detection Of Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pilot Study, Clara Mosquera-Lopez, Joseph Leitschuh, John Condon, Chad C. Hagen, Uma Rajhbeharrysingh, Cody Hanks, Peter Jacobs
Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations
We conducted a pilot study to evaluate the accuracy of a custom built non-contact pressure-sensitive device in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity as an alternative to in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) and a Type 3 in-home sleep apnea test (HSAT). Fourteen patients completed PSG sleep studies for one night with simultaneous recording from our load-cell-based sensing device in the bed. Subjects subsequently installed pressure sensors in their bed at home and recorded signals for up to four nights. Machine learning models were optimized to classify sleep apnea severity using a standardized American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) scoring of the gold …
การประยุกต์ใช้การเรียนรู้เชิงลึกเพื่อเพิ่มความจำเพาะในการตรวจคัดกรองภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจากสัญญาณคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจ, จันทัปปภา จันทร์ครบ
การประยุกต์ใช้การเรียนรู้เชิงลึกเพื่อเพิ่มความจำเพาะในการตรวจคัดกรองภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจากสัญญาณคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจ, จันทัปปภา จันทร์ครบ
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้ว (Atrial Fibrillation: AF) เป็นภาวะหัวใจเต้นผิดจังหวะที่เป็นภัยเงียบและพบได้บ่อย โดยเมื่อเกิดภาวะนี้ขึ้นทำให้มีความเสี่ยงที่จะเกิดหลอดเลือดสมองตีบตัน (Ischemic stroke) ดังนั้นการตรวจคัดกรองสัญญาณคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจึงมีความสำคัญ ปัจจุบันมีการพัฒนาอุปกรณ์พกพาที่สามารถตรวจจับภาวะนี้ของผู้ป่วยได้อย่างต่อเนื่อง โดยอัลกอริทึมที่ใช้จะให้ค่าความไวสูงในการตรวจจับ ซึ่งจะทำให้ค่าความจำเพาะนั้นต่ำ ดังนั้นในงานวิจัยนี้ได้ทำการนำการเรียนรู้เชิงลึก (Deep learning) มาประยุกต์ใช้เพื่อเพิ่มค่าความจำเพาะในการตรวจจับภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้ว โดยมีตัวรบกวนที่สำคัญได้แก่ ภาวะหัวใจปกติ ภาวะหัวใจห้องบนเต้นก่อนจังหวะ และภาวะหัวใจห้องล่างเต้นก่อนจังหวะ โดยงานวิจัยนี้ได้นำเอาโครงข่ายคอนโวลูชันมาใช้แยกแยะภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วทั้งข้อมูลภาพและข้อมูลอนุกรมเวลา ซึ่งค่าความไวและค่าความจำเพาะของโมเดลที่ฝึกจากข้อมูลภาพสัญญาณคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจอยู่ที่ร้อยละ 84.67 และ 96.33 ตามลำดับ จากนั้นนำโมเดลที่ได้ไปใช้งานร่วมกับอุปกรณ์ตรวจคัดกรองภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วที่ใช้อัลกอริทึมที่มีความซับซ้อนน้อย พบว่าได้ค่าความไวและค่าความจำเพาะอยู่ที่ร้อยละ 96.97 และ 100 ตามลำดับ และโมเดลที่ทำการแยะแยะกลุ่มสัญญาณภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วกับกลุ่มสัญญาณที่ไม่ใช่ภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วที่ได้จากข้อมูลอนุกรมเวลาให้ค่าความไวและค่าความจำเพาะของอยู่ที่ร้อยละ 98.33 และ 99.33 ตามลำดับ จากนั้นนำข้อมูลของกลุ่มสัญญาณที่ไม่ใช่ภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วมาทำการแยกประเภทได้ค่าความถูกต้องสูงสุดอยู่ที่ร้อยละ 92.33 ผลการวิจัยนี้แสดงให้เห็นว่าค่าความจำเพาะสามารถถูกปรับปรุงให้ดีขึ้นได้เมื่อนำการเรียนรู้เชิงลึกมาประยุกต์เพื่อสร้างโมเดลสำหรับการคัดแยกภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจากภาวะอื่น ๆ
การพัฒนาขั้นตอนวิธีที่มีความซับซ้อนต่ำเพื่อตรวจจับภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจากสัญญาณคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจระยะสั้น, สุเชษฐ์ มหัทธนทวี
การพัฒนาขั้นตอนวิธีที่มีความซับซ้อนต่ำเพื่อตรวจจับภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจากสัญญาณคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจระยะสั้น, สุเชษฐ์ มหัทธนทวี
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ในงานวิทยานิพนธ์นี้ได้ทำการพัฒนาขั้นตอนวิธีที่มีความซับซ้อนต่ำเพื่อตรวจจับภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจากสัญญาณคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจระยะสั้น โดยใช้พารามิเตอร์ค่าความแปรปรวนของอัตราการเต้นของหัวใจ (pNN50) และอัตราการเต้นของหัวใจในหน่วยครั้งต่อนาที โดยผู้ที่มีภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจะมีค่าความแปรปรวนของอัตราการเต้นของหัวใจและอัตราการเต้นของหัวใจมากกว่าคนปกติ จากนั้นได้นำค่าพารามิเตอร์ทั้งสองมาวัดการกระจายตัวเชิงเส้นและกำหนดค่าจุดตัดสินใจ โดยได้ใช้ฐานข้อมูลคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจจาก PhysioNet challenge 2017 เพื่อนำมาใช้ในการพัฒนาขั้นตอนวิธีโดยคัดเลือกข้อมูลผู้ที่มีภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วและสภาวะปกติที่มีความยาวอย่างน้อย 30 วินาทีได้ตัวอย่างคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจในภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วจำนวน 625 ตัวอย่างและคลื่นไฟฟ้าหัวใจในสภาวะปกติจำนวน 4,529 ตัวอย่าง โดยได้นำขั้นตอนวิธีที่พัฒนาขึ้นนี้ไปสังเคราะห์และประมวลผลโดยไมโครคอนโทรลเลอร์ขนาด 8 บิต เพื่อหาประสิทธิภาพของการคัดกรองสภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วแบบตามเวลาจริง ขั้นตอนวิธีที่ได้พัฒนาขึ้นมีค่าความไวที่ 97.12% และความจำเพาะที่ 76.54% แสดงให้เห็นว่าขั้นตอนวิธีที่พัฒนาขึ้นมีประสิทธิภาพในการตรวจคัดกรองผู้ป่วยภาวะหัวใจห้องบนสั่นพลิ้วได้อย่างดี
การพัฒนาเท้าเทียมแบบปรับความแข็งสปริงสำหรับผู้พิการขาขาดระดับกิจกรรมต่ำ, ธิติธรรม์ ธรรมวินทร
การพัฒนาเท้าเทียมแบบปรับความแข็งสปริงสำหรับผู้พิการขาขาดระดับกิจกรรมต่ำ, ธิติธรรม์ ธรรมวินทร
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
ผู้พิการขาขาดมีความแข็งสปริงข้อเท้าเทียมที่เหมาะสมกับตนเองแตกต่างกันไปด้วยสาเหตุจากน้ำหนัก รองเท้า ลักษณะการใช้ชีวิต และความชอบส่วนบุคคุล ในกลุ่มนี้มีผู้พิการขาขาดระดับกิจกรรมต่ำ K-level 1และ2 ซึ่งมีแนวโน้มเพิ่มขึ้นตามสัดส่วนผู้สูงอายุที่จะเพิ่มขึ้นในอนาคต ปัญหาเหล่านี้นำมาสู่การสร้างงานวิจัยภายใต้วัตถุประสงค์ว่าออกแบบและผลิตเท้าเทียมแบบปรับความแข็งสปริง(Stiffness)สำหรับผู้พิการระดับกิจกรรมต่ำ K-level 1 หรือ 2 ด้วยพลังงานปลดปล่อย(Return Energy)ที่เหมาะสม แนวคิด 2 แนวทางได้รับการต่อยอดมาสู่การออกแบบเท้าเทียม งานชิ้นแรกคือเท้าเทียมโมเดล A ใช้สปริงก้นหอย 2 ชิ้นทำหน้าที่เป็นข้อเท้า ชิ้นหนึ่งสำหรับการกระดกเท้าขึ้น(Dorsiflexion)ส่วนอีกชิ้นทำหน้าที่กระดกเท้าลง(Plantarflexion) แต่ละชิ้นจะมีช่องสล็อตสำหรับสอดแท่งพินที่มีส่วนในการปรับความแข็งสปริงเชิงมุม เท้าเทียมได้รับการพัฒนาและจำลองการทำงานด้วยโปรแกรมวิธีการทางไฟไนต์เอลิเมนต์ ผลที่ได้คือสามารถปรับความแข็งสปริงได้ในช่วงกว้าง อย่างไรก็ตามเกิดความเค้นสูงบริเวณสปริงทั้งสอง รวมถึงขนาดของเท้าเทียมที่ใหญ่เกินกว่าจะสวมเข้ายางหุ้มเท้าได้ ถัดมาจึงได้ทำการออกแบบเท้าเทียมโมเดล B ที่ใช้การปรับความแข็งสปริงเชิงเส้นของส่วนForefootและHeel โดยมีชิ้นStopperคั่นระหว่าง Leaf springกับForefoot และมีStopperอีกชิ้นคั่นระหว่างLeaf springกับHeel การเปลี่ยนตำแหน่งStopperหมายถึงการปรับความแข็งสปริงไปด้วย ด้วยวิธีการประมวลผลคำนวณเช่นเดียวโมเดลก่อนหน้านี้ ผลลัพธ์ที่ได้คือช่วงความแข็งสปริงที่ปรับได้น่าพึงพาใจและความเค้นมีค่าต่ำบนชิ้นงานที่งอตัวได้ พลังงานสะสมต่ำ(Storage Energy)ในระดับความแข็งสปริงสูง เหมาะกับผู้พิการระดับกิจกรรมต่ำ K-level 1 และ 2 นอกจากนี้แล้วยังมีแนวโน้มสวมเข้าเท้ายางได้ ด้วยเหตุนี้เท้าเทียมโมเดล B จึงได้ถูกเลือกให้มาดำเนินการผลิต หลังจากทำการผลิตเท้าเทียมโมเดล B จึงได้ทำการทดสอบทางกลเพื่อตรวจสอบความปลอดภัยที่แรงกระทำปกติ และเมื่อนำไปเปรียบเทียบกับเท้าเทียมที่ขายเชิงพาณิชย์ พบกว่าเท้าเทียมโมเดล B มีค่าความแข็งสปริงเชิงเส้นครอบคลุมกลุ่มเท้าเทียมดังกล่าวที่มีขนาดเดียวกัน และมีค่าใกล้เคียงเท้าเทียมSACHและSingle Axis ในการทดสอบการใช้งานจริง ได้อาสาสมัครผู้พิการขาขาดระดับล่างข้างเดียว 1 คนมาทดลองเดินด้วยเท้าเทียมโมเดล B พร้อมลองปรับค่าความแข็งสปริง จากผลการทดสอบได้ว่ากลไกสามารถทำงานได้ และผู้พิการสามารถเลือกความแข็งสปริงที่เหมาะสมกับตนเองได้ สำหรับงานวิจัยในอนาคต มีความจำเป็นยิ่งทีต้องพัฒนาให้มีความคงทนมากยิ่งขึ้น