Engineering Commons^™

Precision Medicine For Apical Lesions And Peri-Endo Combined Lesions Based On Transfer Learning Using Periapical Radiographs, Pei Yi Wu, Yi Cheng Mao, Yuan Jin Lin, Xin Hua Li, Li Tzu Ku, Kuo Chen Li, Chiung An Chen, Tsung Yi Chen, Shih Lun Chen, Wei Chen Tu, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Ateneo Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Environments

An apical lesion is caused by bacteria invading the tooth apex through caries. Periodontal disease is caused by plaque accumulation. Peri-endo combined lesions include both diseases and significantly affect dental prognosis. The lack of clear symptoms in the early stages of onset makes diagnosis challenging, and delayed treatment can lead to the spread of symptoms. Early infection detection is crucial for preventing complications. PAs used as the database were provided by Chang Gung Memorial Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan, with permission from the Institutional Review Board (IRB): 02002030B0. The tooth apex image enhancement method is a new technology in PA detection. …

Dual Base Sige Is-Hbt For Use In Biosensing Applications, Liam Stephen Hayes

Master's Theses

The proposed research is for a novel SiGe-based Ion-Sensitive Dual Hetero-junction Bipolar Transistor (IS-HBT) to be used in both trans-dermal biological sensing as well as Lab-on-Chip (LOC) applications. The end goals for the device designed are two: For one, the research done for this work will be used to substantiate the claims made by Zafar et al. [1] that an HBT-style structure is better suited for biosensing application rather than a conventional Field Effect Transistor (FET) based geometries. Secondly, it provides the final element to be integrated along with a selectivity membrane, as well as with a reverse-iontophoresis system to …

Nasogastric Tube Insertion Aid, Lauren S. Ark, Angela D. Biezins, Zachary B. Crum, Claire E. Nodine, Morgan N. Pope, Natsumi L. Shudo

Biomedical Engineering

The Nasogastric Tube Insertion Aid project, developed under the sponsorship of the BiCEP Program at California Polytechnic State University, aims to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of nasogastric (NG) tube placement. This initiative was inspired by challenges observed during the BiCEP summer program, where difficulties in NG tube insertions led to multiple attempts, increased patient discomfort, and serious medical risks, including lung punctures and brain trauma. The project's goal was to design an insertion aid that improves placement accuracy while being cost-effective and user-friendly for medical professionals. The device features an external tensioning mechanism that allows controlled deflection of the …

Behind Armor Blunt Trauma: Liver Injuries Using A Live Animal Model, Narayan Yoganandan, Alok Shah, Brian D. Stemper, Lewis Somber, Valeta Carol Chancey, Joseph Mcentire

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction

While the 44-mm clay penetration criterion was developed in the 1970s for soft body armor applications, and the researchers acknowledged the need to conduct additional tests, the same behind the armor blunt trauma displacement limit is used for both soft and hard body armor evaluations and design considerations. Because the human thoraco-abdominal contents are heterogeneous, have different skeletal coverage, and have different functional requirements, the same level of penetration limit does not imply the same level of protection. It is important to determine the regional responses of different thoraco-abdominal organs to better describe human tolerance and improve the current …

The Shriners Children's Standard Gait Model (Scgm), Karen M. Kruger, Patrick Fischer, Sam Augsburger, Jing Feng, Jean-Francois Girouard, Daniel L. Gregory, Logan Johnson, Bruce A. Macwilliams, Mark L. Mcmulkin, Bradley Nelson, Spencer Warshauer, Prabhav Saraswat, Ross S. Chafetz

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Paper-Recorded Ecg Digitization Method With Automatic Reference Voltage Selection For Telemonitoring And Diagnosis, Liang Hung Wang, Chao Xin Xie, Tao Yang, Hong Xin Tan, Ming Hui Fan, I. Chun Kuo, Zne Jung Lee, Tsung Yi Chen, Pao Cheng Huang, Shih Lun Chen, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Department of Information Systems & Computer Science Faculty Publications

In electrocardiograms (ECGs), multiple forms of encryption and preservation formats create difficulties for data sharing and retrospective disease analysis. Additionally, photography and storage using mobile devices are convenient, but the images acquired contain different noise interferences. To address this problem, a suite of novel methodologies was proposed for converting paper-recorded ECGs into digital data. Firstly, this study ingeniously removed gridlines by utilizing the Hue Saturation Value (HSV) spatial properties of ECGs. Moreover, this study introduced an innovative adaptive local thresholding method with high robustness for foreground–background separation. Subsequently, an algorithm for the automatic recognition of calibration square waves was proposed …

Resting-State Eeg Microstate Features For Major Depressive Disorder Classification, George M. V. Quinn

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Neuroimaging studies have revealed consistent abnormalities in functional connectivity within specific neural networks that may serve as biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD). It is important to find inexpensive, non-invasive techniques that target these biomarkers to make diagnosis easier and more objective. EEG microstates are quasi-stable potential topographies that are thought to reflect the quasi-stable network activity of the underlying neural generators. MDD has been shown to alter features of the four canonical EEG microstates (A, B, C, D) with some conflicting results. The most consistent network abnormalities in MDD are found in the anterior default mode network, and this …

Altered Cortical Activity During A Finger Tap In People With Stroke, Priya Balasubramanian, Roxanne P. Deleon, Dylan B. Snyder, Scott A. Beardsley, Allison S. Hyngstrom, Brian D. Schmit

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Research and Publications

This study describes electroencephalography (EEG) measurements during a simple finger movement in people with stroke to understand how temporal patterns of cortical activation and network connectivity align with prolonged muscle contraction at the end of a task. We investigated changes in the EEG temporal patterns in the beta band (13–26 Hz) of people with chronic stroke (N = 10, 7 F/3 M) and controls (N = 10, 7 F/3 M), during and after a cued movement of the index finger. We quantified the change in beta band EEG power relative to baseline as activation at each electrode and …

Development Of Tissue-Engineered Model Of Fibrotic Scarring After Spinal Cord Injury To Study Astrocyte Activation And Neurite Outgrowth In Vitro, Nikolas Ala-Kokko, Inha Baek, Younghye Song

Biomedical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Traumatic spinal cord injuries (SCI) are debilitating injuries affecting twenty-seven million people worldwide and cause functional impairments. Despite decades of research and medical advancements, current treatment options for SCI remain limited, in part due to the complex pathophysiology of spinal cord lesions including cellular transformation and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Recent studies have increased focus on fibrotic scarring after SCI, and yet much remains unclear about the impact of fibrotic scarring on SCI lesion progression. Here, using collagen and decellularized spinal cord-based composite hydrogels, a three-dimensional (3D) cell culture model mimicking the fibrous core of spinal cord lesions was implemented …

Investigating The Neurovascular Correlates Of Cognitive Function In Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, Donna Yali Chen

Dissertations

Individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a 13 times greater risk of cognitive impairment than able-bodied individuals and commonly report symptoms of depression and anxiety. The reports of cognitive impairment in individuals with SCI are independent of concomitant brain injury. Although the direct cause of cognitive impairment in individuals with SCI is unknown, key contributors may include comorbid depression, chronic pain, anxiety, fatigue, brain injury, or cardiovascular dysfunction. Previous studies have focused on SCI at the level of the spinal cord but have under-investigated the supraspinal levels. Due to the lack of neuroimaging studies on SCI rehabilitation, it is …

Microwave Catalysis-Enabled Membrane Processes For Microbial Inactivation, Fangzhou Liu

Dissertations

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for advanced technologies to combat virus transmission. Traditional membrane filtration technologies primarily serve as physical barriers, capturing pollutants but failing to inactivate microbial agents such as bacteria and viruses. These membranes typically target larger particles but are ineffective against sub-micrometer viral particles. Thus, there's a critical demand for membrane filtration processes that combine robust filtration with antifouling and reaction -enabled functions for efficient pathogen disinfection. This research explores a novel microwave-assisted membrane filtration process incorporating catalytic reactions to enhance microbial disinfection and prevent membrane fouling, offering a groundbreaking solution to global challenges …

Collision Dynamics Of Compound Droplets In Microchannels: A Combined Numerical And Data-Driven Study, S M Abdullah Al Mamun

Dissertations

Understanding and predicting the hydrodynamic interactions of micron-scale droplets is crucial in a wide range of industrial and real-life applications, including microfluidics, pharmaceutics, drug delivery, food science, and enhanced oil recovery. These multi-phase and multi-scale phenomena are further complicated by the presence of core droplets of an immiscible fluid within shell droplets, known as compound droplets. The collisions and interactions of droplets in emulsions are influenced by various physical and geometric parameters, leading to distinct rheological and dynamic responses. This research employs numerical methods for a systematic parametric study of both simple and compound droplet pair collisions under confined shear …

Effect Of Tibial Malrotation On Anterior And Posterior Cruciate Ligaments In Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty, Muhammad Saakeereen Sa’Audi, Abdul Halim Abdullah, Solehuddin Shuib, Muhammad Azim Mat Raffei, Mohd Fairudz Mohd Miswan, Mohd Afzan Mohd Anuar

Makara Journal of Technology

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disorder specified as a joint disease that affects mostly human joints worldwide. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is performed to restore the affected joint and relieve the symptoms. However, tibial malrotation, which is one of the most common errors in TKA, results in poor function of the implant and pain after the procedure. People with OA often experience limited mobility and cannot accomplish daily tasks. Finite element analysis (FEA) has been widely applied to interpret the biomechanical and kinematic force along the joint and investigate the cruciate ligament’s mechanical behavior. Unfortunately, one of the problems in …

In Silico Modelling And Docking Simulation Of Egfr-Targeted Diphtheria Toxin Chimera With Various Targeting Moieties, Muhammad Afif Naufal Bmed, Benedictus Ansell Susanto Bmed, Talitha Dinda Gunawan Bmed, Azhar Ridha Lukman Bmed, Alifa Rahma Rizqina Bmed, Muhammad Misbahul Fuad Bmed

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Introduction: Cancer is a major etiology of death worldwide due to high mortality and suboptimal medicine. However, an emerging field, targeted therapy enabled a more selective and effective therapeutic action. This article aims to analyze in-silico the hypothetical targeted therapy agent that is combinations of conjugate consisting of EGFR targeting moieties and diphtheria toxin (DT-390).

Method: Our novel peptide is a conjugate of a novel EGFR targeting peptide and DT-390, forming a chimera. The tertiary structure was predicted using AlphaFold 2.0. The best IDDT scoring and stereochemistry profiles were utilized. The HADDOCK2.4 webserver modelled the docking between our …

The Prospect Of Indonesian Herbal As An Alternative Treatment For Covid-19 Patient: A Literature-Based Study, Hadi Sunaryo, Wahyu Hidayati

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new disease caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease has several symptoms from mild to severe and could lead to death for comorbidities and the elderly. Therefore, the infections and mortality cases keep growing day by day, moreover many authorities are trying to suppress it by applying several health protocols, including medicines. Several studies were conducted on drug discovery from plants to cure the disease. The article aimed to do a narrative review about the prospect of JAMU becoming an alternative medicine to cure COVID-19 by mapping …

A Novel Perfused Contusion Spinal Cord Injury Model To Assess Rapid Mechanical Properties Changes After Blood Spinal Cord Barrier Breakdown, Laura De Marchi

Theses and Dissertations

Blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) disruption exacerbates the tissue damage caused by spinal cord injury (SCI), but the mechanisms and dynamics of how the barrier breakdown affects the mechanical properties of the tissue remain unclear. The perfused bovine ex vivo indentation injury model described here represents a new platform to investigate the short-term effects of altered blood flow and vascular permeability following traumatic spinal cord injury. Our results indicate that injured cords exhibit changes to bulk perfusion, as evidenced by laser speckle contrast imaging, in addition to decreased barrier function shortly after injury. Indentation tests that simultaneously simulate a crush injury …

One Possible Solution To The Endo Challenge For Earlier, Low Cost, Non-Invasive Diagnosis Of Endometriosis, Charles F. Babbs

Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering Faculty Working Papers

This short paper outlines a potential solution to the ENDO Challenge posed by the US National Institutes of Health to spur development of painless, noninvasive diagnostic tools for early diagnosis in women suffering needlessly from endometriosis. Endometriosis is a common condition caused by regurgitation of menses backwards through the Fallopian tubes from the uterine cavity into the abdominal cavity during menstruation. A few still viable endometrial cells then implant widely and unpredictably throughout the abdominal cavity and become established on the surfaces of internal organs and the abdominal wall. There they live and remain responsive to cyclic hormones. The resulting …

Advancing Electrochemical Microsensors For Multiplexed Neurotransmitters And Environmental Toxins Detection, Sanjeev Billa

Doctoral Dissertations

Electrochemical sensors have emerged as a promising solution for monitoring neurotransmitters and heavy metals, which could ensure good health and safety in the environment. This dissertation focuses on advancement in the field of electrochemical microsensors by improving the electrode properties and sensor metrics such as rapid response time, multiplexing, high sensitivity, high selectivity, and accuracy for the real-time monitoring of neurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA) and heavy metals (cadmium and lead). In this dissertation, a novel silicon (Si) multifunctional biosensor probe with four platinum ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) and an on-demand in situ calibration (ODIC) microfluidic channel was optimized for sub-second simultaneous real-time …

Micropatterning Of Biologically Derived Surfaces With Functional Clay Nanotubes, Nisha Lama

Doctoral Dissertations

In this study, we have generalized an assembly of 50 nm diameter clay nanotubes on larger 20-50 μm diameter biological microfibers such as human hair (protein), cotton (cellulose) and synthetic polyethylene terephthalate- PET. We developed a common set of parameters and nanoclay coating techniques on these naturally different microfibers. We exploited and optimized the electrostatic interaction of the components through strategic adjustments in the solvent pH, employing polycation treatment, as well as selectively modifying the halloysite nanotubes with silanes. For 5 mins, a 5 wt% aqueous dispersion of halloysite nanotubes were applied to get approximately 1-2 μm thick fiber coating …

Balance Assessment Using A Handheld Smartphone With Principal Component Analysis For Anatomical Calibration, Evan C. Anthony, Olivia K. Kam, Stephen M. Klisch, Scott Hazelwood, Britta Berg-Johansen

Biomedical Engineering

Most balance assessment studies using inertial measurement units (IMUs) in smartphones use a body strap and assume the alignment of the smartphone with the anatomical axes. To replace the need for a body strap, we have used an anatomical alignment method that employs a calibration maneuver and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) so that the smartphone can be held by the user in a comfortable position. The objectives of this study were to determine if correlations existed between angular velocity scores derived from a handheld smartphone with PCA functional alignment vs. a smartphone placed in a strap with assumed alignment, and …

Metabolite Biomarker Discovery For Lung Cancer Using Machine Learning, Ariski Fajarido, Linda Erlina, Aryo Tedjo, Fadilah Fadilah, Wawaimuli Arozal

Indonesian Journal of Medical Chemistry and Bioinformatics

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. About 2.1 million lung cancer patients were diagnosed in 2018, accounting for about 11.6% of all newly diagnosed cancer cases. For lung cancer, blood is the first choice as a source of screening biomarker candidates. Blood biomarkers provide a snapshot of the patient's entire body, including the primary tumor, metastatic disease, immune response, and peritumoral stroma. However, sputum sampling, bronchial lavage or aspiration, exhaled breath (EB), and airway epithelial sampling represent unique samples for lung cancer and other airway cancers as potential sources for alternative biomarkers. Metabolites are products of …

High-Throughput Analysis Of Topographical Cues For The Expansion Of Murine Pluripotent Stem Cells, Abigail Anne Conner, Yuan Yao, Sarah W. Chan, Deepak Jain, Suzanne M. Wong, Evelyn K. Yim, Muhammad Rizwan

Michigan Tech Publications

The expansion of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) in vitro remains a critical barrier to their use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biochemical methods for PSC expansion are known to produce heterogeneous cell populations with varying states of pluripotency and are cost-intensive, hindering their clinical translation. Engineering biomaterials to physically control PSC fate offers an alternative approach. Surface or substrate topography is a promising design parameter for engineering biomaterials. Topographical cues have been shown to elicit profound effects on stem cell differentiation and proliferation. Previous reports have shown isotropic substrate topographies to be promising in expanding PSCs. However, the optimal …

Investigation Of Distributed Additive Manufacturing For 3d Printed Headband Component During Global Supply Chain Disruptions, Elizabeth M. Mamros, Saketh Kantipudi, Matthew C. Eaton, Jinjin Ha, Brad L. Kinsey

Faculty Conference Papers and Presentations

During the COVID-19 global pandemic, a shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) occurred. Manufacturers of these critical products were unable to keep up with the growing demands as the situation evolved. Most face shields, a common type of PPE, include a headband component to provide the appropriate fit for the user and curvature for the clear face shield attachment. To mitigate this shortage in the local region, the Portsmouth Naval Shipyard (PNSY) generated a computeraided design (CAD) file for the headband component and asked the University of New Hampshire (UNH) to manufacture it with all available 3D printers, including printers …

In-House Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Device On Single Cell Trapping And Culturing Of Leukemia Cell Line: Comparison Between Conventional And Conventional With Centrifugal Methods, Alongkorn Pimpin, Sudchaya Bhanpattanakul, Tepparit Wongpakham, Chomkwan Tawatcharaporn, Thanawit Siha-Umphai, Mookdapa Sinsiriphan, Atikan Chalermchuang, Tewan Tongmanee, Attawut Thanomsridetchai, Thammawit Suwannaphan, Witsaroot Sripumkhaie, Pattaraluck Pattamang, Mayuree Chanasakulniyom, Praprudee Piyaviriyakul, Wutthinun Jeamsaksiri, Achariya Sailasuta, Theerawat Tharasanit, Theerayuth Kaewamatawong

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

To develop a suitable model to study biological and characterization of Cancer stem cells (CSCs), single cell trapping and culturing using microfluidic techniques have become a high-through put system that can manage and control microenvironment and practical intracellular analysis. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a microfluidic device for single cell trapping and culturing using the leukemia cell line as a cell model. Comparison between conventional and conventional with centrifugal methods was also analyzed. To compare trapping efficacy between these 2 methods, leukemia cell concentration of 1.5×106 cells/ml was loaded with a flow rate of 0.25 …

Integrated Reference Single-Cell Rna Seq Atlas Of Healthy Human Female Tissues To Expand The Computational Drug Target Discovery Approaches For Female-Directed Non-Hormonal Contraceptives, Zhanel Nugmanova

Dartmouth College Master’s Theses

The ovary is vital for fertility and the maintenance of endocrine homeostasis. It contains heterogeneous cell populations, including oocyte, granulosa, stromal, endothelial, smooth muscle, and immune cell types. Creating a harmonized dataset that enables cross-tissue comparisons, including the ovary, is essential for identifying genes specific to ovarian cell types and for facilitating drug discovery for contraception and fertility purposes. There are very few resources that allow for the assessment of the expression of potential gene targets across human and mouse tissues for female-directed non-hormonal contraceptives. This is because most of these publicly available datasets are from post-menopausal women. Through our …

Design Of A Portable Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry Device Utilizing Pulse Width Modulation For Waveform Generation, Nora Szymkowski

Masters Theses

Fast Scan Cyclic Voltammetry (FSCV) is a widely used electrochemical technique for real-time measurement of the brain’s chemical messengers, including the molecule dopamine, with high temporal resolution. Currently the financial burden of performing FSCV is quite high, ranging from $8,000 to $20,000+ making the barrier to entry nearly insurmountable for laboratories and classrooms at small institutions. The purpose of this project was to develop a Do-It-Yourself (DIY), portable, and cost-effective FSCV system for use in laboratory and classroom settings. The project aimed to create a compact and cost-effective system that could be used by researchers and educators to study dopamine …

Evaluation Of The Alveolar Crest And Cemento-Enamel Junction In Periodontitis Using Object Detection On Periapical Radiographs, Tai Jung Lin, Yi Cheng Mao, Yuan Jin Lin, Chin Hao Liang, Yi Qing He, Yun Chen Hsu, Shih Lun Chen, Tsung Yi Chen, Chiung An Chen, Kuo Chen Li, Patricia Angela R. Abu

Ateneo Laboratory for Intelligent Visual Environments

The severity of periodontitis can be analyzed by calculating the loss of alveolar crest (ALC) level and the level of bone loss between the tooth’s bone and the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ). However, dentists need to manually mark symptoms on periapical radiographs (PAs) to assess bone loss, a process that is both time-consuming and prone to errors. This study proposes the following new method that contributes to the evaluation of disease and reduces errors. Firstly, innovative periodontitis image enhancement methods are employed to improve PA image quality. Subsequently, single teeth can be accurately extracted from PA images by object detection with …

Thrombogenicity Of Biodegradable Metals, D. E.J. Anderson, H. H. Le, H. Vu, J. Johnson, J. E. Aslan, J. Goldman, M. T. Hinds

Michigan Tech Publications

Biodegradable metals offer a promising means to ameliorate many of the long-term risks associated with vascular devices made of conventional biostable stent metals. While numerous biodegradable metal alloys have been developed and characterized in animal models, knowledge of their blood reactivity and thrombogenicity remains unknown. Metal hemocompatibility is particularly valuable because current generation drug-eluting stents pose a significant long-term thrombosis risk. In this study, four pure metals, widely used as degradable base materials (Fe, Zn, Mg, and Mo), and three alloys commonly used in cardiovascular devices [NiTi, CoCr, and stainless steel (SS)] were evaluated. This work examined how each of …

A Benchtop Analysis Of Pressure Offloading Associated With Custom Socket Inlays In Transtibial Prostheses, Sarah G. Hill

All Theses

Approximately 78% of people with lower limb amputations are dissatisfied with the comfort of their prostheses (Quintero-Quiroz & Perez 2019). In the case of lower limb amputations, the residual limb tissue bears far more weight than it was before the amputation. The pressure put on the soft tissue of the residual limb causes discomfort (Brown et al. 2021). In previous work, custom inlays were created, which fit inside the prosthesis and offload pressure, with the goal of helping to increase the comfort and satisfaction of the prosthesis user (Brown et al. 2021). In this project, a benchtop prosthetic socket loading …

Introduction To Neuroengineering, Mercedes Terry, Abigail Tubbs, Blair Dupre, Brandon Fugger, Enrique Alvarez Vazquez

Open Educational Resources

"Introduction to Neuroengineering" serves as a comprehensive guide to the fast evolving field at the intersection of neuroscience, engineering, and technology. This book covers foundational concepts like neuron structure, action potentials, and neural modeling, moving through advanced topics like brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), neurostimulation, and imaging technologies (EEG, MEG, fMRI). Each chapter combines theory with practical exercises and lab examples, accessible through a GitHub repository to enhance hands-on learning. Aimed at students, educators, and professionals, this resource offers a foundation and inspiration for innovation in neuroengineering, promoting ongoing exploration in this impactful field.