Special Education and Teaching Commons^™

Inclusion And Its Effects On Students, Kay E. Walker, June A. Ovington Ph.D.

Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education

Inclusion is being implemented in schools across the nation (National Study of Inclusive Education, 1994). Schools are restructuring their general and special education programs because performance in our nation's schools has been poor. Inclusion advocates believe that the inclusion philosophy will improve education for both the general and special education student (An Inclusion Talkback, 1996). However, there is much disagreement on the effects of inclusion on various categories of students and much confusion about what inclusion really means (National Study of Inclusive Education, 1994).

The conclusions made from research on the topic of inclusion depends upon the population being considered. …

Teaching Students With Severe Disabilities To Perform A Pre-Lunch Routine Using The System Of Least Prompts, Keenan Gerard Rodericks

Theses: Doctorates and Masters

The system of least prompts has been used to teach a variety of daily living skills to students with severe to moderate disabilities. The present study attempted to determine the effects of the system of least prompts when used to teach a pre-lunch routine to two students with severe disabilities. The students were categorised as autistic, or as having autistic characteristics, with severe to moderate intellectual disabilities and communication deficits. The results indicated that the system of least prompts was effective in facilitating a change in students' responses. Three effects were observed in relation to the hypotheses, First, there was …

Front Matter

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

Editor's Message

Zen students, Charlotte Joko Beck tells us, have a job to do, "a very important job: to bring . . . life out of dreamland and into the real and immense reality that it is" (12). The goal and the way to the goal are the same: mindfulness, a return to the clear experience of the present moment, within which the artificial dualism separating self and object dissolves. To be mindful is to be aware, The American Heritage Dictionary says, to hold in the fullness of mind rather than to be destitute of mind or consciousness. Mindfulness is …

Writer Motivation: Beyond The Intrinsic/ Extrinsic Dichotomy, Bradford A. Barry

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

This article articulates and develops a much needed theory of communication motivation which shows how we can nurture in our students rhetorically-based intrinsic motivations.

The Ethics Of Empathy: Making Connections In The Writing Classroom, Kia Jane Richmond

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

Kia Jane Richmond teaches composition and ESL at Illinois State University, where she is completing her Ph.D. in English Studies. Her focus is on the intersection between emotions and the teaching of composition at the college level.

The Architectonics Of Information: Ancient Topical Thought And Postmodern Information, Catherine L. Hobbs

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

This paper examines the usefulness of thought patterns from ancient rhetoric as they have been appropriated historically and as potentially applicable concepts for the present and future in today's interlinked electronic environment.

An earlier version of this paper, first delivered as part of a panel at the Rhetoric Society of America meeting at Tucson in May 1 996, was delivered and published as "The Architectonics of Information: Ancient Topical Thought and Postmodern Cognition" in Proceedings of the Mid-America Symposium on E merging Computer Technologies, October 1 996. (The published papers are available in "Information Problems" at http://www.ou.edu/cas/english/agora/). I would like …

Learning From Everyone, David Bleich

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

In the teaching of writing and literature, it would be helpful to teachers and students to encourage students to overtake, use, and reuse one another's various uses of language in essays and other course work.

This essay was the keynote address at the Fourth Annual Colorado Conference of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning in Estes Park, Colorado in June 1998.

Narratives Of Pain: Trauma And The Healing Power Of Writing, Lisa Tyler

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

Writing about traumatic events is useful, healing, and meaningful, and such work deserves a place in the composition classroom.

Jaepl, Vol. 5, Winter 1999-2000

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

Essays

David Bleich. Learning from Everyone. In the teaching of writing and literature, it would be helpful to teachers and students to encourage students to overtake, use, and reuse one another's various uses of language in essays and other course work.

Lisa Tyler. Narratives of Pain: Trauma and the Healing Power of Writing. Writing about traumatic events is useful, healing, and meaningful, and such work deserves a place in the composition classroom.

Bradford A. Barry. Writer Motivation: Beyond the Intrinsic/Extrinisic Dichotomy. This article articulates and develops a much needed theory of communication motivation which shows how we …

Back Matter

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

No abstract provided.

Spirituality In Pedagogy: "A Field Of Possibilities", Susan A. Schiller

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

Students' responses to a spiritual approach to teaching provide evidence of the efficacy inherent in such an approach.

Effects Of An Interactive, Literacy-Rich Environment On The Social, Language, Cognitive, And Literacy Development Of Young Children With And Without Special Needs, Jeanne M. Canelli

Educational Studies Dissertations

The purpose of this study is twofold: to identify play and literacy practices that are useful in an inclusive early childhood classroom and to demonstrate how these practices contribute to the development of children with and without disabilities. Play and literacy teaching practices are documented in this study of four preschool children. Two of the children have typical development patterns and two have mild to moderate special needs.

Status Of Students Exiting Special Education Programs From The Ellensburg School District, Robin Christman

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to develop empirical data, considered to be meaningful in the assessment of local program's effectiveness related to the successful transition of students from Ellensburg High School's Special Education Programs into the adult world. The project utilized a telephone survey of past graduates who were served by the Special Education Program between 1994 and 1998. The survey paralleled a statewide effort to establish a database of similar findings from students who exited special programs in the spring of 1998. Recommendations for local program maintenance and improvement, based upon the findings of this project, were then …

Promoting Self-Advocacy Skills For Students With Mild Disabilities, Loretta Lynn Franz

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to develop a unit plan for teachers to help promote self-advocacy skills in the Individual Education Program (IEP) for students with mild disabilities. The results of this study indicate that students with mild disabilities are required to be invited to their IEP when consideration of services are to be discussed. Students are often not successful in the IEP process because they are dependent on others to make decisions for them. They are not given the opportunity to make their own choices and decisions. They have a poor self-concept, lack of understanding, self-acceptance and motivation. …

An Adaptive Curriculum Students With Special Needs, John E. Janke

All Graduate Projects

The purpose of this project was to adapt existing social studies program materials for use with students with special needs in selected Washington State middle/junior high school. To accomplish this purpose, a comprehensive literature review of research related to social studies curricular and students with special needs was conducted. Existing curriculum was adapted, with special attention given to Washington State Essential Academic Learning Requirements (EALR) requirements. The project materials relate to European history from ancient to modern times, and may be a model for adapting other materials by other teachers.

A Guide Of Motivational Activities And Supplementary Materials For Use With Selected Reading Texts Appropriate For Use With Middle And High School Male Students With Learning Disabilities, Dianne Harmon Owens

All Graduate Projects

This project was designed to identify instructional strategies and activities to be used concurrently with selected literature for students with specific learning disabilities. As students progress through the middle and high school grades, specific strategies for reading are essential if students are to successfully comprehend narrative as well as expository text. Instructional strategies and activities were compiled for teacher use for male students at the middle and high school level.

A Student Self-Management Strategy For Reducing Inattentiveness, Disruptiveness And Teacher Intervention, James M. Cabrera

Theses : Honours

A large body of evidence suggests that the use of self-management procedures can reduce significantly the occurrence of disruptive behaviours and teacher dependency for task completion. The present study used a single subject design with two students with developmental disabilities to test the effectiveness of a TEACCH (Treatment and Education of Autistic and related Communication Handicapped Children) self-management system. The system employed a visual schedule work routine coupled with a token economy and self-selection of reinforcers. Tho findings of this study showed that both students were able to utilise a TEACCH style self-management system to engage in on-task behaviour and …

Reviews, Anne E. Mullin, Keith Rhodes, Ellen Davis, Jean R. Trounstine

The Journal of the Assembly for Expanded Perspectives on Learning

Reviews

Anne E. Mullin. Teaching Writing Creatively. (David Starkey, Ed., 1998).

Keith Rhodes. Zen in the Art of Rhetoric: An Inquiry into Coherence. (Mark Lawrence McPhail, 1996).

Ellen Davis. Women in Praise of the Sacred: 43 Centuries of Spiritual Poetry by Women. (Jane Hirshfield, Ed., 1994).

Jean R. Trounstine. Educational Drama and Language Arts: What Research Shows. (Betty Jane Wagner, 1998).

Awakening Genius In The Classroom By Thomas Armstrong, Jacqueline Collier Ph.D.

Electronic Journal for Inclusive Education

In a world of inclusion and acceptance, of diversity and uniqueness, and of looking at the individual strengths of each child in an educational setting, it is only fitting that we look to the "genius" of each learner. The use of the term "genius" in this context redefines the usual perspectives and asks us to stretch our understanding to include the potential capabilities of every learner and what it is that they bring with them to make a unique individual worth developing. In his book Awakening Genius in the Classroom, Thomas Armstrong coaxes each reader to examine his or her …

Comparison Between Professional Judgment Of The Child Study Team And Regression Analysis In Identification Of Perceptually Impaired Students, Linda R. Weber

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Home For The Holidays: A Red-Flag, Carry-In, Reclaiming Intervention, John W. Hill

Educational Leadership Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Decreasing Inappropriate Classroom Behaviours Through A Videotape Self-Modelling And Self-Monitoring Treatment Package, Catherine Ann Coyle

Theses : Honours

Children with autism frequently display an inability to function independently. This has led researchers to develop treatments that are aimed at overcoming the dependency of these children on parents and teachers and which teach them to manage their own behaviour. A self-management treatment package consisting of videotaped self-modelling, self-monitoring, and self-reinforcement was investigated in the present study. The focus was the effect of the treatment package on the inappropriate classroom behaviours of three children with autism. The behaviours that were chosen were those that were most likely to interfere with the participants' ability to work independently in the classroom. The …

Strategies For Tutoring Written Expression In Students With Adhd And Learning Difficulties, Josephine Bishop

Theses : Honours

ADHD and learning difficulties are associated with limitations in working memory capacity which may disrupt performance of writing skills. This thesis investigated teaching strategies to improve story-writing skills in five students with ADHD and learning difficulties in writing. The strategies were based on the view that these students would write more effectively if the task imposed fewer constraints on working memory capacity (the ability to store information while performing a task). Students were taught to write stories under time constraints using the PW2R approach of five minutes to plan, five to draft and five to review. Students planned orally during …

Effects Of Letterland On Phonemic Awareness And Retrieval Of Phonological Information From Long Term Memory, Dianne Hodgson

Theses : Honours

This study examined whether a pictorial mnemonic based program called Letterland, with and without fluency training, improved accuracy and fluency of decoding letter-sounds for children experiencing difficulties learning to read. A single subject experimental ABCDA research design was used with four Year 1 students experiencing difficulties with reading. After baseline (A), the first intervention (B) taught seven Letterland characters and letter-sounds without fluency training over 6 sessions, the second intervention (C) taught seven new letters using Letterland and including fluency training, and the third intervention (D) reviewed all 14 letters with fluency training. Testing involved CVC real words and …

Program Practices In An Urban School District For Serving Students Identified As Emotionally Disturbed In The Least Restrictive Environment, Leigh L. Butler

Theses and Dissertations in Urban Services - Urban Education

This research examined current educational practices utilized by administrators and teachers to provide services to students with emotional disturbances in an urban school district in the least restrictive environment. In addition, training needs to improve the delivery of education services to students identified as emotionally disturbed also were identified. Data was gathered through the use of a survey and was expanded through focus group interviews. All schools in the urban school district which provide services to students identified as emotionally disturbed were requested to participate in this research. Surveys were distributed to special education and regular education teachers who provided …

Short-Term Memory For Nonsense Strings In Children With Reading Disabilities, Linda K. Lane

Theses : Honours

A large body of evidence exists that demonstrates strong correlations between reading ability, phonological awareness and memory. The current study was designed to compare the performance of 24 10-year-old students with reading disabilities and a group of 24 8-year-old average readers, who were matched according to reading age. These students were given a decoding task requiring the recall of nonsense strings. This task was designed to measure working memory for phonological elements. An ANOVA yielded a significant main effect for group in favour of the older students, and a main effect for total errors and vowel and space location. Participants …

Impact Of Peer Teaching On The Acquisition Of Social Skills By Adolescents With Learning Disabilities, Mary Anne Prater, Loretta A. Serna, Kayleen K. Nakamura

Faculty Publications

The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of peer teaching on social skills acquisition of adolescents with learning disabilities. A special education teacher taught 12 students with learning disabilities three social skills, giving positive feedback, contributing to discussion, and accepting negative feedback. A random sample of five students previously taught by the teacher then instructed five other students with learning disabilities. Results indicated that both groups, the students taught by their teachers and those taught by their peers, improved in all three social skills. Both groups made less improvement in accepting negative feedback. The authors' conclude that …

Supervision Of Paraeducators: Is This Really In My Job Description?, Marilyn Likins Ph.D., Robert L. Morgan

Special Education and Rehabilitation Counseling Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

The Impact Of Idea 1997 On Teachers' Beliefs And Collaborative Practices As Participants On Iep Teams At One Middle School, Mary Ann Walsh Schroeder

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

The purpose of this qualitative study was to investigate the impact of the IDEA Amendments of 1997 on teachers' beliefs and collaborative practices as participants on IEP Teams at one middle school. Regular educators are now required to serve as members of IEP Teams for students identified with special needs, the majority of whom will now be served in the regular classroom. Collaboration, the process of interactions between regular and special educators to provide instruction in inclusive settings, was the practice investigated. This study examines laws and policies, teachers' beliefs, supports and barriers, collaborative practices, and evidence of change over …

Nurturing At-Risk Students' Writing Abilities, Carol A. Schmidt

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this journal article was to review current professional literature on the writing process and the importance of voice in writing and then to design and implement a writing program for at-risk sixth grade students. The writing process is an effective means for children to create meaning, especially for at-risk students.

In the writing process, the writer's voice gives the best sense of a writer's potential. This driving force was the basis of the instructional project in writing developed for at-risk sixth grade students.