Science and Mathematics Education Commons^™

Influence Of Prerequisite Concepts Understanding And Mathematical Communication Skills Toward Student's Mathematical Proving Ability, Ellis Salsabila

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

This study aims to describe the influence of prerequisite concepts understanding and mathematical communication skills on the mathematical proving ability of Mathematics Education Program students in the Faculty of Mathematics and Science, State University of Jakarta (FMIPA UNJ). The method used in this study was a survey and correlational techniques. The study population was all students of the Mathematics Education Program FMIPA UNJ in 2018. The study sample was taken with a simple random sampling technique, there were 50 students in total. In this study, the dependent variable was mathematical proving ability (Y) and the independent variables were …

Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Tertutup Dan Terbuka Pada Pokok Bahasan Lingkaran, Mela Aziza

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa kelas XI SMA dalam menyelesaikan soal-soal pemecahan masalah matematika pada pokok bahasan lingkaran. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 siswa di salah satu kelas XI IPA di SMA Negeri 5 Kota Bengkulu yang dipilih secara purposive sampling. Setelah siswa mengerjakan 5 soal pemecahan masalah tentang lingkaran selama 60 menit secara tertulis, jawaban siswa kemudian dianalisis dan diidentifikasi untuk menemukan bagaimana siswa menyelesaikan soal, banyak strategi pemecahan masalah yang digunakan siswa, serta banyak solusi atau jawaban yang didapat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa beberapa siswa belum mampu …

Pembelajaran Kooperatif Dalam Pendekatan Penemuan Terbimbing Ditinjau Dari Prestasi Belajar, Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis, Dan Kepercayaan Diri, Endah Octaningrum Wahani Sejati, Djamilah Bondan Widjajanti

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Student Teams-Achievement Divisions (STAD) dan Team-Assisted Individualization (TAI) dalam pendekatan penemuan terbimbing pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar ditinjau dari prestasi belajar, kemampuan berpikir kritis, dan kepercayaan diri siswa, dan membandingkan keefektifan antara kedua model pembelajaran tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu. Populasi mencakup seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 11 Yogyakarta dan sampel diambil dua kelas secara acak dari 4 kelas yang ada. Analisis univariat dengan statistik uji one sample t-test dan uji paired sample t test pada taraf signifikansi 5% dilakukan untuk menguji keefektifaan model pembelajaran. Uji …

Pengaruh Strategi Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transfering Berorientasi Kearifan Lokal Terhadap Pemecahan Masalah Dan Karakter, Agus Putra Wijaya, Gusti Ayu Mahayukti, I Nyoman Gita, Ni Nyoman Parwati

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh pembelajaran matematika dengan strategi pembelajaran Relating, Experiencing, Applying, Cooperating, Transfering (REACT) berorientasi kearifan lokal terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah dan karakter positif siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian mixed method menggunakan concurrent embedded design. Sampel penelitian yang ditentukan dengan teknik random sampling yaitu siswa SD Negeri 1 Baktiseraga, Bali. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika dan data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara, lembar observasi, dan angket karakter siswa. Data kuantitatif dianalisis menggunakan uji-t pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Data kualitatif terkait karakter siswa disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil analisis data kuantitatif menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan pemecahan …

Pengembangan Alat Pembelajaran Geoklik Untuk Pembelajaran Geometri, Aan Hendroanto, Harina Fitriyani

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Objek matematika sebagian besar bersifat abstrak dan sulit untuk dibayangkan sehingga banyak siswa yang kesulitan untuk memahaminya. Salah satu solusi untuk membantu siswa dalam hal ini yaitu dengan menggunakan alat-alat Euclid seperti penggaris, jangka, dan busur untuk menggambar objek geometri di papan tulis atau whiteboard. Namun, penggunaan alat-alat Euclid untuk menggambar terkadang tidak maksimal dikarenakan kurang efisien dan merepotkan. Akibatnya, banyak guru yang kemudian justru menggambar objek geometri tanpa menggunakan alat-alat ini sehingga gambar yang seharusnya membantu siswa memahami materi, justru malah membuat mereka semakin tidak paham. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan alat yang dinamakan GeoKlik untuk mendukung kegiatan …

Problem Posing Ability Among Prospective Mathematics Teachers, Ibnu Rafi, Sugiman Sugiman

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Posing mathematics problem is perceived as one of the learning strategies to promote students' skills in mathematics problem-solving as well as one of the crucial competencies that should be mastered by prospective mathematics teachers. Some people argued that for prospective mathematics teachers, posing mathematics problem itself is as important as solving mathematics problem because when they become mathematics teachers, there exist necessity for them to pose mathematics problem as a means for assessing students' understanding or achievement. The aim of this article, therefore, was to focus on the investigation into the prospective mathematics teachers' ability in posing mathematics problems. Relevant …

Hubungan Kemampuan Numerik Dan Kemampuan Spasial Terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi Matematis Siswa, Bedilius Gunur, Derfina Agustavira Lanur, Polikarpus Raga

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) hubungan parsial antara kemampuan numerik dan kemampuan spasial dengan kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa; (2) hubungan kemampuan numerik dan kemampuan spasial secara simultan terhadap kemampuan komunikasi matematis siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian korelasional dengan populasi adalah siswa kelas VII SMPK Santu Fransiskus Xaverius Ruteng yang terletak di Kecamatan Langke Rembong Kabupaten Manggarai, Propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur. Sampel sebanyak 66 siswa dipilih menggunakan teknik random sampling. Data diperoleh dari tes kemampuan numerik, tes kemampuan spasial, dan tes kemampuan komunikasi matematis. Analisis uji prasyarat menggunakan uji normalitas, uji linearitas, dan uji multikolinearitas. Analisis data menggunakan analisis …

Analisis Muatan Literasi Statistika Dalam Buku Teks Matematika Kurikulum 2013, Ezra Putranda Setiawan

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Literasi statistika merupakan salah satu kompetensi yang harus dimiliki setiap orang guna menghadapi era Revolusi Industri 4.0. Di jenjang pendidikan dasar dan menengah, materi atau kajian mengenai statistika diberikan sebagai bagian dari mata pelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana muatan literasi statistika didukung oleh mata pelajaran Matematika dari tingkat Sekolah Dasar (SD), Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP), hingga Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) secara konkret melalui buku teks pelajaran yang digunakan. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan analisis isi terhadap dokumen Kompetensi Dasar mata pelajaran matematika sesuai Kurikulum 2013 Revisi 2016 serta buku-buku pelajaran matematika yang mengacu pada Kurikulum 2013 …

Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita Barisan Ditinjau Dari Adversity Quotient, Linda Nur Chabibah, Emy Siswanah, Dyan Falasifa Tsani

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Tujuan dari penelitian kualitatif ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan pemecahan masalah siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita pada materi barisan ditinjau dari Adversity Quotient (AQ). Kemampuan pemecahan masalah memiliki 4 indikator yaitu: 1) mengidentifikasi masalah, 2) merumuskan masalah, 3) melaksanakan strategi, dan 4) memverifikasi solusi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada semester genap tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 30 Siswa kelas XI IPA 1 SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang yang telah diajarkan materi barisan. Kemudian dipilih subjek berdasarkan tipe AQ yaitu Climber, Camper dan Quitter. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket AQ, tes kemampuan pemecahan masalah, dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data penelitian …

Problem-Solving Ability Of Primary School Teachers Based On Polya's Method In Mataram City, Mohammad Archi Maulyda, Vivi Rachmatul Hidayati, Awal Nur Khalifatur Rosyidah, Iva Nurmawanti

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Problem-solving is an important competency that must be owned by students. Problem-solving skills can facilitate students in understanding, connecting, and using mathematical concepts. Even so, mistakes in solving mathematical problems are still made by students. One reason is the lack of habituation of problem-solving in learning mathematics. Teachers who have good problem-solving skills will find it easier to teach and do an activity about problem-solving in learning mathematics. The purpose of this study is to describe the problem-solving ability of primary school teachers based on Polya's method. This research method is descriptive-qualitative. The research subjects were primary mathematics teachers who …

Perangkat Pembelajaran Problem-Based Learning Dalam Learning Cycle 5e Berorientasi Pada Kemampuan Penalaran Dan Komunikasi Matematis, Nur Sholihah, Heri Retnawati

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dalam Learning Cycle 5E (engagement, exploration, explanation, elaboration, evaluation) yang berorientasi pada kemampuan penalaran dan kemampuan komunikasi matematis dengan kualitas baik ditinjau dari aspek kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek uji coba dalam penelitian ini adalah 32 siswa kelas VIII dari suatu SMP Negeri di Bantul. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi lembar validasi untuk menilai kevalidan, lembar penilaian guru dan siswa untuk menilai kepraktisan, tes kemampuan penalaran dan kemampuan komunikasi matematis untuk …

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Geometri Berbasis Kecerdasan Majemuk Siswa Smp Kelas Viii, Pasttita Ayu Laksmiwati, Endah Retnowati

PYTHAGORAS : Jurnal Matematika dan Pendidikan Matematika

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan dan mendeskripsikan proses pengembangan dan kualitas perangkat pembelajaran geometri berbasis konsep kecerdasan majemuk dari Howard Gardner. Penelitian pengembangan ini mengadopsi model pengembangan Plomp terdiri dari tahapan penelitian awal, pengembangan, dan evaluasi. Perangkat pembelajaran geometri yang dikembangkan meliputi rencana pelaksanaan pembelajaran, buku, dan lembar kerja siswa untuk materi Geometri Kelas VIII Semester 2 berbasis kecerdasan majemuk. Kualitas hasil pengembangan ditinjau dari tiga aspek yaitu kevalidan, keefektifan, dan kepraktisan. Berdasar­kan penilaian kualitas kevalidan, diperoleh bahwa perangkat mendapatkan kriteria sangat baik. Hal ini terjadi karena perangkat yang dikembangkan sesuai dengan indikator pembelajaran dan prinsip pembelajaran berbasis kecerdasan majemuk. …

Supporting Middle School Students In Tier 2 Math Labs: Instructional Strategies, Emily C. Bouck, Jiyoon Park, Mary Bouck, Jim Alspaugh, Stacey Spitzley, Angela Buckland

Current Issues in Middle Level Education

Response to Intervention (RtI) has become a common support system for students; yet, no universal RtI model exists, especially for mathematics and specifically at the middle school level. This article focuses on a specific model for delivering Tier 2 mathematics supports and services at the middle school level: math labs. Evidence–based and research–supported interventions are discussed that support the delivery of Tier 2 services within a middle school math lab RtI structure. A fictionalized vignette, drawing from multiple actual cases, is presented to highlight the use of a Tier 2 math lab within a middle school setting.

Bridging The Gap: Including Cultural Science In Post-Secondary Education To Enhance Learning Within Sciences For Native And Non-Native Students, Tish Carr

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Until seven years ago, there were few mechanisms in place within theWabanaki communities to keep Native students connected from middle school through college if an interest was sparked in the science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) fields. On average, less than 50 percent of Native Students graduate from high school. The past six years, the Wabanaki Youth in Science program (WaYS) has become a "bridge" for students to learn more at the secondary level about STEM fields. The next phase in the academic journey to aid student learning is to develop a model educational program that will increase Native youth …

A "Choose-Your-Own" Classroom-Based Activity That Promotes Scientific Inquiry About Rna Interference, Jeremy L. Hsu

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

RNA interference (RNAi), the process that results in the degradation of a target gene’s mRNA, is a fundamental part of eukaryotic gene regulation and is also an important molecular technique that allows for experimental manipulation of gene expression without altering DNA sequences. Despite the importance of RNAi, there have been relatively few lecture-based activities designed to teach about the consequences of this process and counter common misconceptions. I present here an inquiry-based activity that is centered around a “choose your own experiment” design where students generate hypotheses and critically evaluate their ideas by choosing several simulated experiments. The activity presents …

Performance In First Year Mathematics And Science Subjects In Australian Universities: Does Senior Secondary Mathematics Background Matter? Final Report, Julie Mcmillan, Daniel Edwards

Higher education research

This study explores the extent to which study of mathematics in senior secondary school is a predictor of success in core mathematics and science subjects in the first year of university. The study looked at 16,436 first year students in biology chemistry mathematics and physics from twelve universities covering a range of types. It looked at their pass rates against the level of mathematics that they studied in year 12, including whether they had studied any mathematics of significance to a science degree. The study findings show that, in general, those who study higher levels of mathematics at year 12 …

College Of Engineering Senior Design Competition Fall 2019, University Of Nevada, Las Vegas

Fred and Harriet Cox Senior Design Competition Projects

Part of every UNLV engineering student’s academic experience, the senior design project stimulates engineering innovation and entrepreneurship. Each student in their senior year chooses, plans, designs, and prototypes a product in this required element of the curriculum. A capstone to the student’s educational career, the senior design project encourages the student to use everything learned in the engineering program to create a practical, real world solution to an engineering challenge. The senior design competition helps focus the senior students in increasing the quality and potential for commercial application for their design projects. Judges from local industry evaluate the projects on …

Promoting Stem Teacher Reflection Through Self-Evaluation, Steven W. Mumford, Kathryn Newcomer

Political Science Faculty Publications

Evaluators face serious challenges assessing the impact of teaching practice on student outcomes, such as for assessing the impact of grant-funded teacher training programs. To overcome these barriers, the evaluators of an NSF-funded teacher scholarship program elected to coach teachers on conducting their own evaluations of student outcomes. To facilitate this process, we collaboratively developed templates and guidance for teachers’ measurement and reporting of student growth, provided training and technical assistance as teachers prepared student outcome data, and guided teachers in reflecting on results to improve their practice. The evaluators then aggregated fellows’ student outcome reports to assess the program’s …

The Effectiveness Of Dynamic Mathematical Software In The Instruction Of The Unit Circle, Edward Simons

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

This study is attempting to test the effectiveness of dynamic computer models such as GeoGebra and Desmos on high school students’ ability to understand key concepts with regards to the introduction of unit circle and the graphing of the sine and cosine functions.

Algebra two high school students of varying ages were chosen and randomly placed into two groups. Both groups were given the same pre-assessment and an identical lesson. The two groups’ only difference occurred with the individual student practice portion of the lesson where one group did ‘traditional’ paper and pencil practice for graphing and solving while the …

The Van Hiele Analysis Of Curricular Materials: A Comparative Study, Vinay Kumar Kalyankar

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The goal of this study is to investigate K-8 geometry curriculum standards and textbooks for their effectiveness in preparing students for high school geometry. The basis for the study is van Hiele theory pioneered by the Dutch educators and researchers of geometric understanding in adolescents, Dina van Hiele Geldof and Pierre van Hiele. Another driving force for this dissertation is research into mathematics textbooks and curriculum standards of school mathematics as seen in CCSSM and state specific standards documents, both of which influence the mathematics students have the opportunity to learn.

The K-8 geometry curriculum standards and textbook instructional segments …

A Mixed-Methods Study Of Entomology Incorporation In U.S. Secondary Science Instruction, Erin M. Ingram

Department of Entomology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

To encourage understanding and appreciation of insects, entomology education advocates have supported and encouraged K-12 teachers to integrate insects and insect-related content into formal science instruction. However, research examining how and why science teachers incorporate entomology into secondary science courses is limited.

A sequential explanatory mixed-methods research study was conducted to address this gap. The study was conducted in two phases. During the first phase, quantitative survey research was conducted with a representative sample of 254 U.S. secondary life science teachers. During the subsequent qualitative phase, follow-up interviews were conducted with a purposeful sample of 18 survey participants and an …

Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Use Of Spatial Diagrams: Investigations Of Unbounded Shearing On Solid Figures, Camden G. Bock

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Mithala and Balacheff (2019) describe three difficulties with two-dimensional representations of three-dimensional geometrical objects: “it is no longer possible to confuse the representation with the object itself,” visually observed relationships can be misleading, and analysis of the representation requires the use of lower-dimensional theoretical properties. Despite these difficulties, students are routinely expected to learn about three-dimensional figures through interacting with two-dimensional inscriptions. Three-dimensional alternatives include diagrams realized through various spatial inscriptions (e.g., Dimmel & Bock, 2019; Gecu-Parmaksiz & Delialioglu, 2019; Lai, McMahan, Kitagawa & Connolly, 2016; Ng and Sinclair, 2018). Such diagrams are three-dimensional in the sense that they occupy …

Digital Simulations For Grade 7 To 10 Mathematics, Ma. Louise Antonette N. De Las Peñas, Debbie Marie Verzosa, Maria Alva Q. Aberin, Len Patrick Dominic M. Garces, Flordeliza F. Francisco, Evangeline P. Bautista, Mark Anthony C. Tolentino, Winfer C. Tabares

Mathematics Faculty Publications

This article describes a Department of Science and Technology – Philippine Council for Industry, Energy and Emerging Technology (DOST-PCIEERD) project aimed to facilitate the implementation of the mathematical objectives raised by the Department of Education’s (DepEd) K to 12 program in the Philippines through the use of innovative digital technologies. In particular, a selection of application software (“apps”) were created for Grade 7 to 10 mathematics that covered topics indicated in the five strands outlined in the K to 12 program – namely (1) number, (2) geometry, (3) measurement, (4) patterns and algebra, and (5) statistics and probability. The design …

Demographic Factors Affecting Freshman Engineering Students’ Attitudes Toward Mathematics At A University In Saudi Arabia, Essa Abdullah Alibraheim

Theses and Dissertations

This study of freshman engineering students enrolled at Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU) in Saudi Arabia investigated the relationship between the students’ attitudes and their demographic characteristics. Specifically, the study assessed the relationship between students’ demographic characteristics and how the characteristics related to five variables associated with attitudes toward mathematics: attitude toward success in mathematics, confidence in learning mathematics, mathematics anxiety, awareness of the usefulness of mathematics, and effectance motivation in mathematics. A total number of 157 male students enrolled in Calculus 1 participated in the survey. Findings revealed that the freshman engineering students had positive attitudes toward mathematics; …

Observations Of A Multi-Component Intervention For Elementary Students With Emotional Behavioral Disorder After Self-Efficacy Coaching, Anna Kristen Bensinger

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders (EBD) experience more negative student outcomes compared to other special education disability categories, specifically, higher dropout rates, less access to higher education and incarceration. Mathematically, 73% of students with EBD achieve below the 50th percentile on standardized tests (Wagner, Kutash, Duchnowski, Epstein, & Sumi, 2005). This study focused on the exploration of a multi-component mathematics and behavior intervention targeting student self-efficacy for productive learning behaviors in the general education mathematics classroom setting for elementary students with EBD. Participants for this study were students from two 4th grade classrooms, who have been identified with co-occurring …

An Investigation Of The Adoption Of Social Media Applications By Faculty Members At A Prominent University In The Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia, Abdullah Saad Alshalawi

Theses and Dissertations

A report by Hootsuite (2018) stated that the average time of daily use of social media applications by Saudis in 2017 was two hours and 34 minutes. Even though statistics show that social media applications are very widespread among students, they also suggest that these media are not being utilized by many faculty members for teaching and learning purposes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that influence the adoption of social media applications for teaching and learning purposes by faculty members at a prominent university in Saudi Arabia. The Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) was …

Developing A Theoretical Framework For Visualization-Based Pedagogical Content Knowledge (V-Pck) Based On Middle School Teachers’ Views And Uses Of Visualizations As An Instructional Tool, Jacqueline Samuel

Dissertations

Visualizations is a categorical term that is often used to provide visual imagery to the communication of processes, concepts, exemplar phenomena, and general information. Objects such as graphs, tables, diagrams, animations, and pictures fall in this category. Existing literature focuses primarily on the use of visualizations in the science field at the high school level, collegiate levels, and in pre-service teacher education programs. A gap in the literature exists which examines how science teachers at the middle school level perceive and use visualizations as instructional components in the classroom. The purpose of this study was to examine science teachers views …

Teacher And Parent Perspectives On Alignment To The Next Generation Science Standards Following Teacher Professional Development, Adam C. Channell

Dissertations

Science teachers are receiving professional development (PD) since the introduction of the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) in 2013. Following PD, teachers are facing several challenges while attempting to implement NGSS in their classroom, some of which include budget constraints, administrative support, and student preparedness (Banilower et al., 2013). Additionally, Channell and Cobern's (2018) study on teachers’ experiences aligning to NGSS following PD adds parent pushback to this list of challenges. This study seeks to address a set of interconnected issues related to teachers creating and administering lessons aligned to the NGSS that they have created following PD, and subsequent …

Escapando Las Trampas: Teacher Preparation For Mexicanas, Larissa Perez

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

Developing Maestras face and overcome linguistic, academic and cultural forms of gatekeeping while trying to navigate through our current education system. For this Capstone Project, the impact that gatekeeping has on developing Maestras and how it affects their academic and professional aspirations was investigated. This is an important issue for developing Maestras, the University of Gringolandia as well as for the education system of Nepantla county. The success of developing Maestras Mexicanas closes the racial gap and directly impacts the student success rate within Nepantla county. The literature and data results analysis indicate that the gatekeeping practices that keep Mexicanas …

Perceptions Of Physics Teachers In Singapore About Curriculum Sequencing, Lay Lean Fong

Doctoral Dissertations

Curricular sequencing is central to instruction design and enactment. If carefully planned for, the order of topics to be taught would determine how the fundamentals of the discipline can be presented and introduced to learners, in a sequence that eases them into more complex ways of reasoning and thinking about the domain. These sequences or learning progressions often reflect the experts’ conceptual schemas of the discipline and are conceived as strategic models for instruction (Duschl et al., 2011).

The varied findings from current research on learning progressions underscore the complexity of teaching and learning, and imply that even ‘well-crafted’, standards-based, …