Science and Mathematics Education Commons^™

The Church, Education And Third World Development, William W. Cobern

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

The Third World is the world of underdeveloped and developing nations. As one insightful African noted the preferred term once was "underdeveloped" but now the more positive "developing" is used (Yoloye, 1980, p.vii). Both of these terms were originally used by Westerners to describe how far up the technological/industrial ladder non-Western nations have climbed. One might argue about the appropriateness of judging other cultures by one's own standard. In doing so one assumes at least tacitly if not overtly that his own culture is the superior one. At best this leads to paternalism towards the people of the culture in …

A Comparison Of Hutchings' Low Stress Algorithm And Three Other Methods In Multidigit Multiplication For Calculation Speed And Accuracy, John Byron Connors

Masters Theses

High achieving fifth grade students were taught three alternate multiplication algorithms: Hutchings low stress, Gelocian lattice, and partial products (distributive algorithm using indentation). The two independent variables were the four algorithms (three alternate plus traditional) and three problem array sizes (3 x 2, 3, and 4 factors). The three dependent variables were percent accuracy, rate correct, and rate incorrect. A multi-element manipulation design across phases was used varying type of calculation procedure within sessions and type of problem array across sessions. Results showed that all three alternate algorithms were superior to the traditional algorithm on most dependent variable measures. Pre …

A Component Analysis Of Hutchings' Low-Stress Subtraction Algorithm With Third Grade Students, Karen J. Lascurettes

Masters Theses

This study measured the effects of what was hypothesized to be the major functional component difference between the Hutchings' low-stress subtraction algorithm and the traditional algorithm: the non-alternation of regrouping and subtraction steps. A multiple baseline design was used with two groups of third grade students. Dependent measures included rate correct, rate incorrect, percent accuracy, and types of errors made. Statistical analysis of the data failed to support the position that the non-alternation of regrouping and subtracting steps in subtraction yielded superior performances with these students. Future research in this area might investigate the inclusion of zeroes in the minuends …

A Comparison Of The Hutchings "Low-Stress”, Fulkerson Tens Method, And Conventional Addition Algorithms For Speed, Accuracy And Preference With Regular Education Students, Gregory N. Vaughan

Masters Theses

The differential calculation power (rate and accuracy) of three separate procedures for addition was investigated. The Hutchings' "low-stress", Fulkerson tens method. and conventional algorithms were compared on 5x7 array addition problems. The subjects were six male first semester third grade students approximately eight and one half years of age. A multielement design was used in which the three algorithms composed the multiple elements. During the last three daily sessions the students were given free choice of algorithms to use. The results indicated that the Hutchings "Low-stress" algorithm was superior to the Fulkerson tens method, which in turn was superior to …

A Comparison Of Calculation Speed And Accuracy On Two Levels Of Problem Difficulty Using The Conventional And Hutchings’ "Low Stress" Subtraction Algorithms And The Pocket Calculator, Margaret T. Mcglinchey

Masters Theses

This study involved a comparison of three different calculation procedures for solving two different sizes of subtraction problems. A multi-element baseline design was used with three subjects: 2 females and 1 male, whose ages were 9.6, 24, and 8.1, respectively. The calculation procedures were varied randomly within, sessions, and the problem sizes varied randomly across sessions. Dependent measures included rate correct, rate incorrect, and percent accuracy. For all subjects, the conventional algorithm was the fastest calculation procedure. Accuracy data were not as consistent, since they varied across subjects and problem array sizes. Future research in this area might involve larger …

The Effects Of Hutchings’ Low Stress Addition And Subtraction Algorithms On The Accuracy And Rate Of Problem Solving With Low Performing Math Students, Stephen Edgar Hadden

Masters Theses

The accuracy and rate of problem solving using Hutchings' low stress addition and subtraction algorithms was investigated using four, fourth-grade low performers. Two multiple baseline designs were used, (one for addition and one for subtraction) where subjects were required to work addition and subtraction problems using the conventional method during Baseline. As Baseline for each subject stabilized, a brief training program was implemented using Hutchings' low stress addition or subtraction algorithm. Following training, subjects were required to work the addition and subtraction problems using the new algorithm. Probes were administered before and after training to measure knowledge of place value …

A Comparison Of Speed And Accuracy In Addition Calculation For High And Low Achieving Math Students Using The Calculator, Conventional Algorithm And The Hutchings' “Low Stress Algorithm”, Edward S. Drew

Masters Theses

This study was an attempt to compare the differential calculation power (speed plus accuracy) with addition for the conventional algorithm as compared with the Hutchings' low stress algorithm as compared to hand held calculators for high and low achievers with two levels of difficulty. Also, it is a systematic replication of Zoref's (1976) previous research. The subjects were eight third grade students, four male and four female, approximately nine years old. A multielement baseline design was used varying type calculation method within sessions and level of difficulty across sessions. The Hutchings' "low stress" algorithm produced markedly better results in correct …

A Comparison Of The Hutchings' “Low-Stress", Fulkerson "Full-Record" And Conventional Addition Algorithms For Speed, Accuracy And Preference With Regular Education Students, John Robert Vanhevel

Masters Theses

The differential calculation power (speed and accuracy) of three different addition procedures were investigated using the Hutchings " Low-stress", Fulkerson "Full-record" and conventional algorithms. The subjects were nine fourth grade students, five female and four male, approximately ten years of age. Elements of both multiple baseline and reversal designs were employed, varying the type of calculation method across phases. After exposure to each algorithm, students were given a choice of methods to use in solving a problem. Results indicated that both the Hutchings "Low-stress" and Fulkerson "Full-record" algorithms were generally superior in producing stable, accurate and efficient calculations. When given …

Component Analysis Of Hutchings' Low-Stress Addition Algorithm, Daniel V. Mccallum

Masters Theses

An A-B-A-C counterbalanced reversal design was used with two groups to analyze the two components of Hutching's Low-Stress addition algorithm. Fourth grade students achieving 96% accuracy on a pretest of basic math facts were subjects of this study. Subjects were taught two new methods of computation; Hutchings' Low-Stress and the Conventional algorithm with a written record, along with reviewing the Conventional algorithm. Students were given worksheets containing fixed size addition problems and asked to complete as many as possible with a five-minute times session. Accuracy and speed were monitored across the three methods of computation. The results showed superior performance …

Goals And Objectives For Teaching Science In The Junior High Schools Of Kalamazoo, Michigan, Gary W. Wester

Dissertations

The purpose of this research study was to determine the similarities and disparities among the expected learning outcomes of three sets of performance objectives for science education: (1) the teacher-written science objectives of the Goals-Objectives-Test (GOT) Program for the seventh, eight, and ninth grades in the Kalamazoo Public School System; (2) the objectives prepared by the Department of Research and Development of the Kalamazoo Public School System from test items on Test 8: Science of the Metropolitan Achievement Tests (MAT) - Advanced Forms; and (3) the science objectives of the Michigan Department of Education (MDOE) for grades 7-9.

The methodology …

Preferences Of Students For The Hutchings "Low Stress" Compared To The Conventional Algorithm Under Conditions Of Differentially Increasing The Number Of Problems With And Without Reinforcement, Pamela G. Buitendorp Drew

Masters Theses

This study was an attempt to determine which computation procedure students would select under varying classroom conditions. It is a systematic replication of previous research by Gillespie (1976). Algorithm preferences of 14 third grade students, 10 high accuracy and four low accuracy on a math facts test, were investigated under conditions of differentially increasing the number of problems with and without reinforcement, Reversal designs were used. The students completed 4X5 array problems and chose which algorithm to use, but after choosing the same algorithm for three consecutive sessions, they were required to use the alternative algorithm the next session. Preference …

A Strategy For Inservice Education Of Junior-High/Middle-School Science Teachers In The Grand Rapids Public School System, David Andrew Degraaf

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Limnological Investigation Of A Tropical Fresh-Water Ecosystem: The Belize River, Belize, Central America, Victor J. Gonzalez

Dissertations

The limnology of the Belize River, from the region of Spanish Lookout to the region of Belize City, was investigated from 1977 through 1979. The investigation was done primarily during the months of May through August, covering the two seasonal changes--wet and dry--that occur in this tropical region. The investigation sought to describe various parameters of the Belize River so as to gain an understanding of this tropical fresh-water ecosystem and to provide basic information needed for the development of management programs.

Water samples were collected from eight stations and analyzed for acidity, alkalinity, carbon dioxide, chloride, sodium chromate, hexavalent …

A Proper Attitude Toward Science, William W. Cobern

Scientific Literacy and Cultural Studies Project

The attitude of a man determine his speech and actions. That is why it is more important for children to leave school with positives attitudes about learning than with acquired and refined skills and knowledge. A child in school may learn to read but unless he also gains a positive attitude about reading he will not read on his own. So it is with science. Along with the acquisition of the skills and knowledge of science should come a positive attitude about science. Furthermore in the field of science as well as a positive one. This is the subject at …

A Meta-Analysis Of The Effects Of Modern Mathematics In Comparison With Traditional Mathematics In The American Educational System, Kuriakose K. Athappilly

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

The Causal Relationship Between Mathematics Achievement And Attitude In Grades 3 To 6: A Cross-Lagged Panel Analysis, D. William Quinn

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Point System For Maintaining Accurate Grading In A Psi Course, Terry E. Mcsween

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Systems Analysis Of Laboratory Report Editing, Suanne A. Williams

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Science Curriculum Change As It Occurred In A Small Rural Community: A Case Study, William J. Pollard

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

A Study Of The Use Of The Computer As A Problem-Solving Tool In An Introductory Course In College Physics, Roland L. Meade

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Student Preferences For The Hutchings' "Low Stress" Versus The Conventional Addition Algorithm Under Conditions Of Differentially Increasing Response Effort With And Without Reinforcement, Carolyn Louise Gillespie

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of The Hutchings' “Low-Stress" And Current Addition Algorithms For Speed And Accuracy In Two School Settings With Regular And Special Education Children, Laurence E. Rudolph

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Comparison Of Calculation Speed And Accuracy On Two Levels Of Problem Difficulty Using The Conventional And Hutchings' "Low Stress" Addition Algorithms And The Pocket Calculator With High And Low Achieving Math Students, Leslie S. Zoref

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Forward Vs. Backward Chaining, Using Hutching's "Low Stress" Algorithm In Simple And Complex Addition Problems With Third Graders, Linda Sue Clark

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

A Study Of Student Evaluations Of Science Instructors In Small Liberal-Arts Colleges, J. Philip Mclaren

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

An Experimental Study Comparing The Effects Of Small Group-Discovery Learning And Conventional Instruction On Student Achievement And Attitudes In Calculus, Mary Catherine Brechting

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Effectiveness Of An Audio-Tutorial Program In High School Biology, John W. Goudie

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

Computer-Assisted Instruction In Teaching College Physics, Hsi-Chiu Liu

Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Natural Areas For Community Colleges: Their Role In Environmental Education, John Henry Gerdes

Masters Theses

No abstract provided.

The Preparation Of Junior-High Science Teachers In The Public Schools Of Southwestern Michigan, George A. Faber

Dissertations

No abstract provided.