Health and Physical Education Commons^™

Autophagy Is Stimulated By Acute High Intensity Interval Exercise In Human Skeletal Muscle And Electrical Pulse Stimulation In C2c12 Myotubes In Vitro, Kurt A. Escobar

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Purpose: 1) To compare the effects of an acute bout of HIIT exercise (treadmill running) on autophagy to MICT exercise in human skeletal muscle 3 hours post exercise, and 2) to test an in vitro model of muscle contraction-induced autophagy using electrical pulse stimulation in C2C12 myotubes. Methods: Study 1: Ten recreationally active males and females completed a bout of high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise and moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT) exercise in a fasted state. Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis were taken pre and 3 hours post-exercise. Muscle tissue was analyzed for protein expression of markers of …

Laterality In The Power Five And Group Of Five Conferences In Women's College Softball, Jon C. Nachtigal

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Females in sport are under-represented in data and analysis when compared to their male counterparts. This disparity also applies to women’s softball in comparison to men’s baseball. To help fill this gap, this study evaluated the extent and impact of laterality in women’s college softball’s Power Five and Group of Five conferences from 2015-2017.

This study focused on the extent of a left-sided lateral preference in women’s college softball, possible interactions between throwing hand and batting preference, to what extent the platoon effect exists in the sport, and the extent of positional bias in the sport. As one of the …

The Effect Of Acute Aerobic Exercise And Rapamycin Treatment On Autophagy And The Heat Shock Response In Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Of Prediabetics, James Jermey Mccormick

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Objectives: Recently, a malfunction of the autophagic pathway has been implicated with impaired glucose metabolism and progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes. Further, an interconnection has been suggested between the autophagy and heat shock protein (HSP) systems. The aims of the present study were to investigate the effects of exercise and rapamycin treatment (RAPA) on the autophagic process and HSP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from prediabetics compared to controls. Methods: Two groups matched for age and sex served as subjects and consisted of six prediabetic (42.4±11.7) and six controls (44.4±11.9). Subjects exercised at 50% of VO2max for …

Examination Of The Impact Interscholastic Athletics Has On Participating Student-Athletes From The Perspective Of The High School Principal, Athletic Director And School Counselor, Robert J. Zayas

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The National Federation of State High School Associations (NFHS) reports over 7.5 million high school students participate in interscholastic athletics each year (National Federation of State High School Associations, 2017).

The impact of interscholastic sports participation has been researched and examined for over a century. Research has certainly brought attention to the impact and the many positive benefits students receive when given the opportunity to participate. It is evident high school sports participation enhances academic performance while promoting life skills and lessons.

Those who support interscholastic sports participation value the opportunities for character development, while critics often cite the costs …

Predictors In Finishing Position Of Ncaa Division Ii Schools In The Learfield Sports-Nacda Directors’ Cup: Culture Type As A Potential Mediator, Ryan D. Kettler

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Predictor variables, institution type and annual allocated revenue, were investigated as potential predictors of success in NCAA Division II Athletic Departments, on the outcome variable (points scored in the Learfield sports-NACDA Directors’ Cup), working through mediating variables representing culture type (clan, adhocracy, market, and hierarchy). Data were collected through an electronic survey emailed to all NCAA Division II institution athletic directors and head coaches. Data specific to institution type (public vs private) and the number of points an athletic department earned in the Learfield sports-NACDA Directors’ Cup was also collected from archived records. Statistical testing included the use of SPSS …

Measuring Accommodation On Facebook Between Single-A Minor League Baseball Teams And Facebook Users, Michael James Stocz

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The following research was designed to introduce CAT into a practical setting for social media managers while primarily examining Minor League Baseball (MiLB) at the Single-A level. Single-A baseball has not been examined solely in a social media setting, which was why this level of MiLB was selected. Study A was designed to measure the levels of accommodation across various posting strategies (neoliberal, social, team related, open code) and the subsequent number of likes and number of comments accompanying each post. The accommodation scores, measured through the Language Inquiry and Word Count software (LIWC, pronounced “Luke”), accompanied by a series …

A Comparison Of Video Conferencing And In-Person Health Coaching Approaches In Combination With Mhealth Devices On Weight Loss, Physical Activity, And Glycemic Control, Kelly E. Johnson

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Background: Compare health coaching efficacy on weight loss, physical activity, and glycemic control between individualized video conferencing (VC), in-person (IP) and control (CG) groups of adults with high BMI.

Methods: Thirty adults (BMI≥30 kg/m²) were randomly assigned to create three groups of 10 members each. Participants received a wireless accelerometer watch and weight scale to sync with their personal smartphones and downloaded apps. Participants assigned to VC and IP received weekly health coaching individualized based on data uploaded over the 12-wk intervention. Steps/day and weight loss were analyzed via analyses of covariance (ANCOVA). Between-group ANOVAs analyzed post-intervention changes …

Characteristics And Success Of Long-Term Contracts In Major League Baseball, Briton A. Hagan

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The current labor market in MLB is extremely lucrative for both players and owners; however, the system is not without its problems. Over the past two decades, owners have become increasingly aggressive when signing elite players. Owners must offer long-term contracts in excess of $100 million to outbid other teams and secure an elite player to be the face of their franchise. Because MLB contracts are guaranteed, owners take a tremendous risk when signing players to a long-term deal. The purpose of the study was to apply a framework for what a “successful” MLB contract is and then measure all …

Strategic Management In Small Business: An Exploratory Study, Nicholas Gary Schlereth Ph.D., Mba

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Small businesses make up approximately 98% of all businesses in the United States, but little is known about how they engage with their communities and engage in strategic management (Small Business Administration, 2016). To understand more about how small businesses engage in these practices, this study seeks to explore these topics through a technology enhanced qualitative study design (Marshall & Rossman, 2015). The study sought to replicate face-to-face interviews through an online survey with open-ended questions designed to learn from small business decision makers regarding their actions and the actions of their organizations. The study had 45 total participants from …

Responses To Two Weight Training Protocols--One With Integrated High-Intensity Interval Training, Tony P. Nunez

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Purpose: To examine the physiological effects (energy expenditure, oxygen consumption [VO₂], heart rate [HR], blood lactate [BLa^-], excess post-exercise oxygen consumption [EPOC]) and perception (rating of perceived exertion [RPE] and enjoyment) of the combination of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise with conventional circuit weight training (CWT; nine consecutive exercises)(CWIT) compared to HIIT exercise with tri-set training (3 three-exercise mini-circuits)(TRIIT). Methods: Fourteen trained men completed two separate resistance exercise protocols. CWIT consisted of six HIIT bouts prior to three rounds of a nine exercise CWT protocol. TRIIT consisted of three rounds of three mini-circuits consisting …

Hemodynamic And Metabolic Responses During Self-Paced And Ramp Graded Exercise Testing Treadmill Protocols, Nicholas Mark Beltz

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Purpose: To investigate: 1) if a self-paced (SP) graded exercise testing protocol elicits similar and reliable maximal oxygen uptake (VO_2max) responses compared to a ramp (RAMP) treadmill protocol; 2) the impact of SP on cardiac output (Q), stroke volume (SV), and arteriovenous oxygen difference (a-vO_2diff); and 3) the metabolic response during SP through blood lactate (BLa^-) accumulation and ventilatory threshold (VT) attainment. Methods: Sixteen recreationally trained men (23.7±3.0 yrs) completed two separate treadmill graded exercise testing protocols. SP consisted of five 2-min stages (10 min total) of increasing speed based on the Borg …

The Moderating Effect Of Country Of Origin On Athlete Brand Equity, Bo Yu

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Athlete endorsement industry continues to expand fast. Reports argued country of origin could be a cue to explain the endorsement gap among athletes from different nations. With the growing marketing potential in athlete brand, it is imperative to take country of origin as a cue to predict endorsement value. The conceptual model from Arai et al (2013; 2014) on athlete brand equity is adopted in this study.

This study adopts GDP per capita as the instrument to measure the market size of country of origin, and relies on data from Openhorse and Forbes on the Top 100 Highest paid athletes …

Effective And Ineffective Clinical Teaching And Instruction In Dental Hygiene School, Vicki Gianopoulos Pizanis

Teacher Education, Educational Leadership & Policy ETDs

Introduction

Educators who teach in a clinical setting, primarily in healthcare fields, while having knowledge of the subject, having skills in what is taught, and having experience in the field, often have little-to-no training in teaching. This results in instructional practices being based upon intuition and experience. Becoming aware of how qualities and characteristics of clinical instructors affect adult learners’ educational experience through evidence-based research, and using its implications, would help promote more effective instruction and ultimately improve student learning.

Methodology

A mixed methods study using Grounded Theory and Critical Incidence technique was conducted to study junior student, senior student …

Investigation Of Whether Determining A Patients Personality Results In Better Patient Communication And Oral Health, Cynthia E. Chavez

Dental Hygiene ETDs

One of the dental psychosomatic territories is the link between personality traits and oral health treatment. This present study aims at investigating whether determination of patient personality types leads to enhanced communication between dental hygienists and patients resulting in improved oral health. Some hypothesize that determining patient personality traits results in enhanced communication between the patient and the dental hygienist. Similarly, it is hypothesized that determination of a patient’s personality trait can result in better oral health.

The Acute Effects Of Weighted Vest Running On Substrate Utilization And Energy Expenditure, Troy M. Purdom Mr.

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

This study evaluated the effect of weighted vest running (WVR) on fatty acid oxidation (FAox) and caloric expenditure at pre-designated exercise intensities (60,65,70,75,80% VO_2max). Seventeen recreationally trained runners (9 men and 8 women) performed four separate graded exercise tests (GXT) separated by 24 hours each. The first graded exercise test (GXT) was performed to establish the workloads at specific exercise intensities. The following three GXTs tested WVR with a control (no vest), 5% body mass (BM) vest, and 10%BM vest, using 3-minute incrementally increasing steady rate stages. Indirect calorimetry was used to measure both FAox (g/min) and caloric …

Harness Suspension Stress Physiological And Safety Assessment, James Marc Beverly

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Background: No robust trials including imaging or biomarkers have been performed to evaluate the possible stress of hanging motionless in a harness (harness suspension stress -HSS). Untoward effects are from case reports and sparsely documented data, leaving the topic open to debate. No cause-effect relationship has been established, therefore providing no guide to diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic evaluation or treatment for possible detrimental effects of HSS. Expert opinion provides the majority of the literature concerning HSS. Many of the effects of HSS have been correlated to other syndromes or causes, but none have been excluded, and none have been established. …

Effect Of Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplementation On Recovery Of Performance And Muscle Damage, & Autophagy And Heat Shock Protein Response, Trisha Vandusseldorp

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Purpose: To investigate: 1) if branched-chain amino acid supplementation (BCAA) enhances recovery from acute, eccentric resistance exercise as measured by indirect markers of muscle damage, and 2) the impact of acute, eccentric resistance exercise on markers of autophagy and heat shock protein during recovery. Methods: Twenty resistance-trained males were randomly assigned to eight days of BCAA or PLCB and adhered to a diet consisting of 1.2 g/kg/d protein. On day five, all subjects completed 10x8 eccentric squats at 70% one repetition maximum (1RM), followed by 5x20 split jumps. Plasma creatine kinase (CK), erythrocyte glutathione, vertical jump (VJ), maximal voluntary isometric …

The Importance Of Leadership: An Investigation Of Effects Of Transformational Leadership On Middle School Students Intrinsic Motivation And Expectancy-Value In Physical Education, Minhyun Kim

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The leadership practices exhibited by physical education teachers have been found to have a significant impact on promoting students learning. The main purpose of this study was to explore: (a) differences on middle school students' perception regarding expectancy-value and intrinsic motivation according to their grade, gender, and ethnicity, (b) the relationship between physical education teachers' transformational leadership and middle school students' expectancy-value and intrinsic motivation. To conduct this study, three questionnaires were employed: transformational teaching questionnaire (Beauchamp et al., 2010), expectancy-value questionnaire (Duncan & Tammen, 1989), and intrinsic motivation index (Eccles & Wigfield, 1995). A total of 295 middle school …

Effects Of Eccentric Contraction Duration On Muscle Strength, Power Production, Vertical Jump And Soreness, Jonathan N. Mike

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Prior research has investigated the effects of either eccentric-only training or comparing eccentric and concentric exercise on changes related to strength and power expression, but no research to date has investigated the impact of altering the duration of either the concentric or eccentric component on these parameters. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the duration of eccentric (i.e. 2-second, 4-second vs. 6-second) muscle contractions and their effect on muscle strength, power production, vertical jump and soreness using a plate-loaded barbell Smith squat exercise. Thirty college-aged males (23 ± 3.5 years, 178 ± 6.8 cm, 82 ± 12 …

The Effects Of Gait Retraining In Runners With Patellofemoral Pain, Jenevieve Roper

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Running popularity has increased resulting in a concomitant increase in running-related injuries. Of these injuries, patellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most commonly reported. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to determine whether gait retraining by modifying footstrike patterns from rearfoot strike (RFS) to forefoot strike (FFS) reduces PFP and improves associated biomechanical measures, and whether the modification results in increased risk of ankle injuries. METHODS: Sixteen subjects (n=16) received clearance to participate by a licensed physical therapist, and were randomly placed in the control (n=8) or experimental (n=8) group. Subsequently, the experimental group (EXP) performed eight gait retraining running …

Coordination Between Autophagy And The Heat Shock Response: Evidence From Exercise In Animals And Humans, Nathan H. Cole

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Proteins play a critical role in nearly every biological activity. In consequence, organismal health and homeostasis often hinges on the ability of intracellular regulatory systems to sustain the quality and function of these diverse, structurally complex macromolecules. Correct protein function depends on correct form, and during periods of destabilizing cellular stress, protein quality is managed in part by the heat shock response, which acts to support, isolate, and reform new or damaged proteins, and in part by the autophagic recycling of abnormal proteins, cytotoxic protein aggregates, and terminally damaged organelles. We conducted a pooled analysis of available research in humans …

Determinants Of Users Intention To Adopt Mobile Fitness Applications: An Extended Technology Acceptance Model Approach, Kwak Jang Yul

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The present research was motivated by the recognition that the use of mobile fitness applications (MFA) is increasingly popular among sports and exercise participants in recent years. Using an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) perspective, this study explored potential predictors of behavioral intention toward MFAs such as perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, personalization, personal innovativeness in information technology (PIIT), perceived enjoyment, mobile application self-efficacy, involvement in sports and exercise participation, and social influences (interpersonal and external influences). A theoretical model was developed and tested against the empirical data collected from 385 collegiate students enrolled in physical activity classes at …

Physical Activity And Psychosocial Adjustment Among 1st And 2nd Year Undergraduate Students, Vanessa Mikan

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The transition from adolescence into young adulthood can present many new challenges. How well and to what degree students are able to effectively meet the demands and challenges of college has been labeled as adjustment (Mattanah, Hancock, & Brand, 2004). There is a growing interest and need for effective strategies and programs that can assist students in the transition to college. The purpose of this study was to identify how participation in physical activity, as measured by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) Short Form may assist or hinder in students academic, social, personal-emotional adjustment and institutional attachment to college …

Status Of The Implementation Of Automated External Defibrillators In South Korean Health/Fitness Facilities, Chanmin Park

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The purpose of this study was to investigate the status of automated external defibrillator (AED) implementation in South Korean health/fitness facilities; for facilities with AEDs, to investigate risk management practices associated with AED implementation; and for facilities without AEDs, to investigate constraints to AED implementation. A questionnaire measuring the status of AED implementation, risk management practices for facilities with an AED(s), and constraints to AED implementation was developed and administered to 436 health/fitness facility managers in South Korea. The participants were selected by using random sampling with stratified populations. Results showed that the status of AED implementation in South Korean …

Preliminary Validation Of A Native American Food Safety Knowledge Survey, Margaret Markham Siebert

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The objective of this study was to develop and validate a food safety knowledge survey culturally appropriate for Native American Populations. A reiterative three-phased approach (survey generation and item construction, survey item review, and statistical item analysis) to survey validation was employed to collect both quantitative and qualitative data. Surveys were given to 28 individuals fitting the demographic criteria: Native American adults who are primary food handlers with children under the age of 10. Surveys were analyzed statistically using item difficulty, item discrimination, and internal consistency. Key informant interviews were conducted with six participants who fit the inclusionary criteria. Key …

Food Handling Perceptions, Practices, Knowledge And Barriers In Native American Primary Food Handlers Of Young Children In New Mexico, Lindsay O'Connell

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Food borne illness among Native American populations exceeds that of majority populations. Due to the unique cultural diversity in New Mexico, these inequities are even greater. Attitudes and behaviors towards food are influenced by social and cultural contexts, yet, there has been limited research relating to the knowledge and perceptions of minority populations. A qualitative research design using focus group methodology was used in this study. The Health Belief Model was used as the theoretical framework. The purpose of this study was to gain a deeper understanding of the food safety practices and beliefs of primary food handlers within Native …

A Survey Of Health Care Facilities And Personnel In Bernalillo County, New Mexico., Clarence David Brown

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

There is a need for comprehensive and current data concerning the number of hospital beds, number of nursing home beds, and the number of key health personnel a'1ail­able to Bernalillo County. Since this information is essential for health care in the county in order to facil­itate planning and the proper allocation of funds, the availability of these resources was determined.

The general purpose of the study was:

1. To determine the number of Bernalillo County hospital and nursing home beds.
2. To compare the number of hospital beds to the 1946 Hill-Burton Act recommended standards of 4.5 general and 5.0 mental hospital …

An Analysis Of The National Athletic Trainers Association Clinical Clock Hour Requirement For Certification, Timothy Walter Kilroy

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

This study focused on the clinical clock hour requirement mandated by the National Athletic Trainers Association. Research in the development of clinical clock hours was vague and inconsistent with what students were actually accumulating in athletic training field experience.

The primary purpose of this study was to analyze the mandatory requirement of clinical clock hours for athletic training students to determine the relationship between the present NATA requirements and passing the NATA Certification Examination.

The secondary purpose was to record athletic training students' clinical clock hours and analyze differences of these hours by districts, years, athletic training programs, and passing …

Maternal Compliance In Immunization Of Pre-Schoolers As Related To Health Locus Of Control, Health Value, And Perceived Vulnerability, Estelle Helene Rosenblum

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The major purpose of this study was to assess health attitudes and behavior of mothers as related to providing immunizations for their pre-school children. The areas investigated were health locus of control, perceived vulnerability to six communicable diseases, health as a value, and the demographic variables of education, age, ethnicity, religion, income, and ability to recall poliomyelitis.

This was a descriptive correlational study in which 95 mothers of children enrolled in Head Start Centers, Office of Economic Opportunity, Albuquerque, New Mexico, served as subjects. They were randomly selected from six centers serving multicultural neighborhoods in both urban and suburban areas. …

Evaluation Of Recreational Services And Programs In State Administered Residential Health Care Institutions In New Mexico, Robert Wiliam Michaels

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

The Problem

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the recreational services and programs at State Administered Residential Health Care Institutions in New Mexico, and to make recommendations regarding the improvement of those recreational services or programs that were identified as being deficient.

Procedures

The evaluative instrument, Recommended Standards with Evaluative Criteria for Recreation Services in Residential Institutions, developed by Dr. Doris Berryman (1971) was the instrument utilized to evaluate the State Institutions. Three member rating panels were established for each of the eight institutions examined. Data were collected, analyzed, and reported according to the instructions accompanying the evaluative …