Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Educational Psychology Commons

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2022

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 31 - 60 of 502

Full-Text Articles in Educational Psychology

Self-Regulation In The Learning Experiences Of School Choice Students, Melody Lynn Schmidt Dec 2022

Self-Regulation In The Learning Experiences Of School Choice Students, Melody Lynn Schmidt

Dissertations

This study explores self-regulation in the learning experiences of school choice students who have attended a traditional public school and a charter public school. Research shows self-regulation is a form of non-cognitive executive functioning characterized by many observable traits children employ in their learning environments. Self-regulation development in the learning investments students make relates to school mobility, social identity, and connectedness while navigating their learning amid school changes (Golden, 2017; Langenkamp, 2016). School mobility may impact students by lowering self-regulation and increasing school dropout through compromised social identity and connectedness (Jdaitawi, 2015; Rumberger & Larson, 1998). Understanding the distinction between …


A Psychometric Analysis Of The Comprehensive School Survey (Css) Middle School Student Version., Stephen Leach Dec 2022

A Psychometric Analysis Of The Comprehensive School Survey (Css) Middle School Student Version., Stephen Leach

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

School climate is increasingly recognized by scholars and policymakers as a crucial factor associated with students’ educational experiences. Hence, practitioners endeavor to equitably measure and improve school climate to promote favorable student academic and behavior outcomes. Unfortunately, school climate research is fragmented, and a research-practice gap exists in best scale development and validity testing practices. The result is a proliferation of practitioner-developed school climate measures lacking solid theory-grounding and evidence to support intended score interpretations and uses. In response, Whitehouse et al. (2021) proposed a validity testing framework for practitioner-developed instruments aimed at supporting culturally responsive school climate measurement. Their …


Combining Cognitive And Noncognitive Assessments To Predict First Year Gpa And Persistence In Community College Students, David Harris Larman Dec 2022

Combining Cognitive And Noncognitive Assessments To Predict First Year Gpa And Persistence In Community College Students, David Harris Larman

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Theses & Dissertations

Standard assessments of cognitive ability have been the preferred method of assessing the probability of student achievement at community colleges, but there is a growing trend in the use of noncognitive factors to assess student potential. Factors related to a student’s race/ethnicity and family income have been shown to be correlated with placement tests scores and high school grades. There is a gap in the literature about the use of noncognitive measures in conjunction with standardized placement tests to predict the achievement and persistence of community college students. The purpose of this study was to examine the strength of cognitive …


Language Brokering In Immigrant Families, Jessica Manuel Dec 2022

Language Brokering In Immigrant Families, Jessica Manuel

Capstone Projects and Master's Theses

This capstone project focuses on children's language brokering in immigrant families. A practice engaged in by many immigrant youth who interpret and translate oral and written language for their own family. Typically, these language events occur as part of everyday life and involve the need for communication. In this case the brokers that we will be focusing on are children and adolescents with parents whose primary language is Spanish. Many of these children are a reliable source for their parents to communicate and understand a primary language in a country where they migrated to.


Evidence Of Emotional Intelligence In College Presidents’ Public Writing: Does Their Emotional Intelligence Change Over Time?, Karen Powers Liebhaber Dec 2022

Evidence Of Emotional Intelligence In College Presidents’ Public Writing: Does Their Emotional Intelligence Change Over Time?, Karen Powers Liebhaber

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Higher education (HIED) presidents face a wide variety of competing demands and pressures. High emotional intelligence (EI) has been found to be effective in good leadership, but few studies exist which examine HIED presidents’ EI. This quantitative growth model study attempted to expand the understanding of EI and its source of change among HIED presidents. Several conceptualizations link together in this study to better understand HIED presidents’ EI. First, higher EI has been linked to strong leadership and strong communication. Studies show EI can change over time and EI is associated with certain demographic factors. Further, language, particularly written language, …


“I Just Wanted Support”: Examining How Lds Clergy May Effectively Minister To Sexual And Gender Minority Congregants, Samuel J. Skidmore, G. Tyler Lefevor, Adlyn M. Perez-Figueroa, Kristen A. Gonzalez Dec 2022

“I Just Wanted Support”: Examining How Lds Clergy May Effectively Minister To Sexual And Gender Minority Congregants, Samuel J. Skidmore, G. Tyler Lefevor, Adlyn M. Perez-Figueroa, Kristen A. Gonzalez

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study explored why members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) who identify as sexual or gender minorities (SGM) speak with clergy regarding their SGM identities, as well as what LDS SGMs find helpful and unhelpful in these conversations. A sample of 25 current or former LDS SGMs participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants reported six overarching reasons for talking with clergy, including church procedures, seeking guidance, seeking emotional comfort, seeking repentance, seeking openness, and other people’s initiation. Participants reported several ways clergy were helpful, including empathic listening, openness, and affirmative …


Associations Between Stakeholder Perceptions Of School Climate And Fidelity Of Implementation Of Key Features Of The Positive Behavioral Interventions And Supports Framework In Rural Schools, Nathan Florin Anderson Dec 2022

Associations Between Stakeholder Perceptions Of School Climate And Fidelity Of Implementation Of Key Features Of The Positive Behavioral Interventions And Supports Framework In Rural Schools, Nathan Florin Anderson

Boise State University Theses and Dissertations

School climate can be complex to measure and to change, but it is clear that it is a critical component of an effective school. One practice that has been shown to positively influence school climate is Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS). PBIS is a framework of evidence-based practices and its power for initiating change has been shown to come from fidelity of implementation of its key components. Although there is a lot of research on PBIS implementation, not a lot is known about implementation in rural schools and the unique challenges that setting provides. This study measures baseline levels …


Fostering Positive Teacher-Student Relationships In The Classroom, Mandi Lehman Dec 2022

Fostering Positive Teacher-Student Relationships In The Classroom, Mandi Lehman

Senior Honors Theses

The research in this qualitative study bases itself on the importance of positive teacher-student relationships in the classroom. Positive teacher-student relationships are critical in furthering students’ growth in the school. Teachers can take the place of a parental role in a student’s life, and positive relationships are essential to make a lasting impact on students. Teachers’ attitudes affect how they understand and build relationships with the students in their classroom, and factors such as closeness, conflict, and dependency affect these relationships. Five elementary education professors were interviewed to gain insight into the specific strategies and attitudes elementary educators need to …


Creating A Culture Of Learning: Intrinsic Motivation And Its Practical Value In The Wake Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Paige Hennen Dec 2022

Creating A Culture Of Learning: Intrinsic Motivation And Its Practical Value In The Wake Of The Covid-19 Pandemic, Paige Hennen

Senior Honors Theses

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, students of all ages were required to rapidly transition to the demands of virtual learning, resulting in general amotivation. These changes have led to poor academic performance, due to the decreased efficiency of learning processes as these students learn to cope with the instability caused by the pandemic as well as school-related changes. Intrinsic motivation, especially when cultivated within the learning process, plays an important role in student academic success and acts as an influence on holistic success in adulthood. Thus, educators must cater to the needs of this generation's students by implementing …


More Than A Single Story: Culturally Diverse Literature And Social Inclusion In Elementary Classrooms, Amanda Works Dec 2022

More Than A Single Story: Culturally Diverse Literature And Social Inclusion In Elementary Classrooms, Amanda Works

Senior Honors Theses

This paper aims to consider the existing literature regarding culturally diverse literature, social inclusion, and children’s literature as mirrors, windows, and sliding glass doors. These three concepts form a conceptual framework that supports the research study, which explored the use of culturally diverse literature and any correlation with social inclusion. Four elementary teachers participated in semi-structured interviews focused on two research questions: “What impacts the use of culturally diverse literature in elementary classrooms?” and “Does culturally diverse literature affect social inclusion in elementary classrooms?”. Through thematic, qualitative analysis, the study identified three central themes: (1) levels of choice based on …


Exploring The Role Of Epistemic Cognition And Self-Efficacy In The Career Decision-Making Processes Of College Students: An Explanatory Sequential Study, Raelynn Frazier Dec 2022

Exploring The Role Of Epistemic Cognition And Self-Efficacy In The Career Decision-Making Processes Of College Students: An Explanatory Sequential Study, Raelynn Frazier

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

College students are asked to make critical decisions about which academic major to choose and subsequently to make specific career decisions. Students come to college with a myriad of different skill sets, backgrounds, developmental levels, cognitive processes, familial support, and levels of self-efficacy that may influence how they make these decisions. The purpose of this study was to explore the role that epistemic cognition and self-efficacy may play in the career decision-making processes of college students utilizing a mixed methods approach. Results of this study indicate that there are internal and external influences that impact college students’ career decision-making processes …


Student Device Usage, Learning Management System Tool Usage, And Self-Regulated Learning, Nancy Webb Dec 2022

Student Device Usage, Learning Management System Tool Usage, And Self-Regulated Learning, Nancy Webb

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Self-regulated learning (SRL) is crucial to student success in online learning environments. Students enrolled in online courses at higher education institutions access courses through the learning management system (LMS) to complete coursework, interact with instructors and peers using various learning management system tools and multiple technological devices. Researchers frequently rely on surveys to identify how students self-regulate, but students often are not honest or over or under-estimate their SRL skills. Learning management system data analytics have recently provided opportunities to examine the frequencies and sequences of how learnings engage with tools and content in the online learning environment. The purpose …


K-5 Elementary Alternative Program: A Case Study, William E. Scheuer Iv Dec 2022

K-5 Elementary Alternative Program: A Case Study, William E. Scheuer Iv

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this case study was to examine how the K-5 elementary alternative program All Students Can Thrive (ASCT) used student-centered learning practices to influence the whole child. There is a lack of research on K-5 elementary alternative programs, such as ASCT, and specifically those that integrate student-centered learning practices to influence the whole child. Literature does not contain universally accepted interventions that are effective in the elementary alternative setting to help students return to the mainstream classroom setting better prepared to display appropriate behaviors when a student is removed from a mainstream classroom setting due to disruptive behaviors. …


Investigating The Process Of Consequential Validity With The Ambassador Questionnaire, Melissa Gayle Kuhn Dec 2022

Investigating The Process Of Consequential Validity With The Ambassador Questionnaire, Melissa Gayle Kuhn

Educational Leadership & Workforce Development Theses & Dissertations

Validity in psychometrics refers to the degree to which evidence and theory supports the interpretations drawn from a test, and Messick’s Contemporary Validity Theory (1994) includes several facets with well-established evidence collection methods. However, there is a lack of consensus on appropriate methods of evaluating the facet of consequential validity, which is the degree to which interpretation of scores could have consequences for test-takers. The primary objective of this study was to illustrate a method of identifying potential consequences of survey in the stage of manual development. This method was placed in the context of the Ambassador Questionnaire (AQ) used …


The Applicability Of Micro Learning Based On Historical Perspective, Hasan Hasan, Dedi Kuswandi, Zahid Zufar At Thaariq, Hutkemri Zulnaidi Nov 2022

The Applicability Of Micro Learning Based On Historical Perspective, Hasan Hasan, Dedi Kuswandi, Zahid Zufar At Thaariq, Hutkemri Zulnaidi

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The focus on learner-centred learning approaches is a concern which needs to be facilitated as a matter of study. Microlearning has evolved in facilitating learners in short learning activities as viewed through history. This paper aims to review the application of microlearning historically. This narrative study uses deconstruction techniques with a historical research approach consisting of (1) heuristics, (2) verification, (3) interpretation, and (4) historiography. The study found that microlearning is a development of the concepts of microteaching and microcontent. This paper can be used as a reference in the development of microlearning as research and learning in the future.


Bentuk Tindak Tutur Direktif Pemandu Wisata, Deri Wan Minto, Afri Yulidia, Rifka Zuwanda Nov 2022

Bentuk Tindak Tutur Direktif Pemandu Wisata, Deri Wan Minto, Afri Yulidia, Rifka Zuwanda

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The number of complaints of tourist visitors who hear oblique comments from tour guides who are not friendly/polite in speaking to visitors is the basis for this important research. The aim of the research is to "analyze the forms of directive speech acts of tour guides in Pesisir Selatan, West Sumatra. This type of research is descriptive qualitative approach to descriptive analysis. Collection techniques through observation, recording. Data validation uses internal and external validity tests. Research results found 48 utterances. Based on the five non-directive speech data, the most dominant group suggested was 27 data (56.25%). Speech group that slightly …


Reflective Journal To Explore Instructional Practices In An Online Writing Class: Students’ Perspective, Yuniatri Intan Kusuma Ningrum, Niamika El Khoiri, Nova Ariyani, Nur Mukminatien Nov 2022

Reflective Journal To Explore Instructional Practices In An Online Writing Class: Students’ Perspective, Yuniatri Intan Kusuma Ningrum, Niamika El Khoiri, Nova Ariyani, Nur Mukminatien

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study explored reflective journals of Indonesian EFL undergraduate students aiming to investigate a teacher’s instructional practices in online writing classes. Using the narrative methodology, the data were collected from students’ reflective journals, recorded interviews, and a questionnaire. This study found that teachers’ instructional practices have assisted students during the learning process, for instance, the integration of technology has made students more engaged. This study also observed students’ challenges during online classes, such as the unsupportive learning environment—i.e. studying alone and household chores distraction. This study offers insight for teachers that students’ reflective journal helps evaluate the instructional practice and …


The Students’ Mathematics Learning Difficulties Analysis, Wahyu Purwaningsih, Haryanto Haryanto Nov 2022

The Students’ Mathematics Learning Difficulties Analysis, Wahyu Purwaningsih, Haryanto Haryanto

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aims to describe, interpret, and analyze the PGSD UPY students’ difficulties in learning mathematics 2. The research type is a descriptive qualitative research. The research subjects are students and a mathematics lecturer of PGSD UPY. The data were gathered through interviews, observations, documentations, and tests. The data validity test was done by using triangulation of sources and techniques. Proprietary interactive analysis models (Miles, Huberman, & Saldana, 2014) were used to analyzed the data. The results show that there are some difficulties experienced by students in learning numberic system especially for fractions. The pretest and post test results show …


Applying Question And Answer Relationship (Qar) Strategy To Enhance Critical Reading Skill Of Authentic Text, Jenny Elvinna Manurung, Nidal I A.M Jabar Nov 2022

Applying Question And Answer Relationship (Qar) Strategy To Enhance Critical Reading Skill Of Authentic Text, Jenny Elvinna Manurung, Nidal I A.M Jabar

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study examined the implementation of the Question and Answer Relationship (QAR) Strategy during the teaching-learning process to enhance the critical reading skill of authentic texts. The study employed classroom action research of fourth-semester students at Tridinanti University. It was implemented for three cycles involving four phases; planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The data were gathered using three different types of instruments, including interviews, observation, and tests of critical reading. The findings showed that students' critical reading achievement of authentic text increased for each cycle. The question categories of the QAR strategy could help the students in managing difficulties in …


Remap-Gi: A Learning Model To Enhance Students’ Science Process Skills And Biology Cognitive Learning Outcomes, Ikramina Yusti Amina, Siti Zubaidah, Abdul Gofur, Azizul Ghofar Candra Wicaksono Nov 2022

Remap-Gi: A Learning Model To Enhance Students’ Science Process Skills And Biology Cognitive Learning Outcomes, Ikramina Yusti Amina, Siti Zubaidah, Abdul Gofur, Azizul Ghofar Candra Wicaksono

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the Remap-GI (Reading, Concept-Mapping, Group Investigation) learning model on students' cognitive learning outcomes and Science Process Skills (SPS). The Biology class at SMA Negeri 8 Malang was used as the research sample for the quasi-experimental research design over the course of 60 students in the 12th grade. This study used the blended learning-based Remap-GI learning model opposed to the GI (Group Investigation) learning model. SPS data were collected using non-test data (observation) and cognitive learning outcome variables in the form of multiple-choice questions. The Ancova test was used to …


Implementation Of Blended Learning In The Pademic Era Of Covid-19: The Effect Of Motivation On Learningoutcomes In Vocational School Students' Mechanical Engineering Drawing Subject, Tuwoso Tuwoso, Purnomo Purnomo, Abd Kadir Bin Mahamad Nov 2022

Implementation Of Blended Learning In The Pademic Era Of Covid-19: The Effect Of Motivation On Learningoutcomes In Vocational School Students' Mechanical Engineering Drawing Subject, Tuwoso Tuwoso, Purnomo Purnomo, Abd Kadir Bin Mahamad

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The emergence of the COVID-19 virus has had a major impact on various sectors, one of which is the education sector. This greatly hampers the learning process for students, especially in SMK. As a middle ground, several vocational schools have implemented blended learning, which combines face-to-face learning with online learning. The application of blended learning in schools received a good response from teachers and students. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of motivation with student learning outcomes in the subject of Mechanical Engineering Drawing on the application of blended learning. Research method, this research is ex …


Indonesian Pre-Service English Teachers’ Teaching Anxiety In Teaching English For Occupational Purposes Classes, Reni Andriani, Adaninggar Septi Subekti Nov 2022

Indonesian Pre-Service English Teachers’ Teaching Anxiety In Teaching English For Occupational Purposes Classes, Reni Andriani, Adaninggar Septi Subekti

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This study aims at investigating Indonesian pre-service English teachers’ Foreign Language Teaching Anxiety (FLTA) in teaching English for Occupational Purposes (EOP) classes and to explore the factors of FLTA. The participants were six pre-service English teachers. The study employed a qualitative design and used observations and interviews as the methods of data collection. The study found that pre- service teachers experienced anxiety when opening the class, when students asked questions, and when they had mispronunciation or forgot certain vocabulary. Through Thematic Analysis, the study also found five contributing factors to the participants’ teaching anxiety. These were perceived lack of EOP …


Writing A Critical Fantasy Short Story:The Development Of Foklore-Based Teaching Materials, Sutrisno Gustiraja Alfarizi, Yuni Pratiwi, Karkono Karkono Nov 2022

Writing A Critical Fantasy Short Story:The Development Of Foklore-Based Teaching Materials, Sutrisno Gustiraja Alfarizi, Yuni Pratiwi, Karkono Karkono

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

This research develops teaching materials for writing fantasy short story texts by utilizing Situbondo folklore as a background for writing while developing critical and creative responses to local culture. The research model used in developing this teaching material is ADDIE, developed by Branch in five stages of development. The validity of this teaching material was assessed by expert validators in the field of developing teaching materials, learning to write critical fantasy short stories, and Situbondo folklore, as well as Indonesian language teacher practitioner validators. The results show that the teaching materials are feasible and ready to be implemented. This study …


Strategi Kepala Sekolah Menengah Atas Dalam Memaknai Domain Keterampilan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, Lina Lina, Nurul Ulfatin, Sultoni Sultoni Nov 2022

Strategi Kepala Sekolah Menengah Atas Dalam Memaknai Domain Keterampilan Era Revolusi Industri 4.0, Lina Lina, Nurul Ulfatin, Sultoni Sultoni

Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan

The purpose of this article is to identify the strategies of high school principals in interpreting the skill domains that high school students must possess in the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. This research uses a qualitative approach with a multi- case study design in one of the public and private high schools in Malang. The results show that the principal's strategy depends on the characteristics of the school. In private schools, the strategy begins with building a school management system; analyzing the relevance of the vision; adjust school programs in line with the vision; and increase collaboration with external parties. …


Public School Administrator Perspectives Of Social Media Impacts On The Students They Serve, Alonzo Stotler Nov 2022

Public School Administrator Perspectives Of Social Media Impacts On The Students They Serve, Alonzo Stotler

Honors Projects

Interviews with high school administrators on the effects social media has on adolescents and schools.


Instructional Systems Design And The Diffusion And Adoption Of Technology: (Volume 1), Miguel Ramlatchan (Author & Editor), Mark Parsons (Author), Meghan Soldani (Author), Josie Joswick Mendoza (Author), Maria Satre (Author), Brittany Spitz (Author), Jasmine Bundy (Author), Amanda Kline (Author) Nov 2022

Instructional Systems Design And The Diffusion And Adoption Of Technology: (Volume 1), Miguel Ramlatchan (Author & Editor), Mark Parsons (Author), Meghan Soldani (Author), Josie Joswick Mendoza (Author), Maria Satre (Author), Brittany Spitz (Author), Jasmine Bundy (Author), Amanda Kline (Author)

Distance Learning Faculty & Staff Books

Instructional designers, instructional systems designers, and other educational technologists are, by their nature, innovators. These professionals apply and extend the applied science of learning, systems, communication, and instructional design theory to help students learn. Technology in some capacity is used to make the connections between subject matter experts, teachers, instructors, and their learners. It is common for instructional designers to seek new tools, techniques, and innovations for the improvement of learning, access, quality, and student satisfaction. However, the adoption and diffusion of new educational technology and innovation is a complex process that depends on many variables. Understanding these processes and …


The Wrong Side, Laura Zucca-Scott Nov 2022

The Wrong Side, Laura Zucca-Scott

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

This poem is an interpretive poetic transcription describing the experience of a young immigrant child. Being on the “wrong side” becomes a symbolic representation of an internal and external conflict between different ways to know. Schools are not always a safe place for children whose lives have been uprooted unless teachers become advocates and allies.


Listen, Laura Zucca-Scott Nov 2022

Listen, Laura Zucca-Scott

Northwest Journal of Teacher Education

This poem is an interpretive poetic transcription inspired by conversations I had with several children and adolescents from immigrant families. In teacher education programs, we often feel pressured to formalize curricula in a way that is oblivious to our students’ needs. Both our teacher candidates and their future students deserve more and better.


The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On School Psychology Internship Outcomes, Julie Q. Morrison, Kizzy Albritton, Elana Bernstein, Susan C. Davies, Laurice Joseph, Katherine R. Mezher, Jennifer Reynolds, Richard W. Vanvoorhis Nov 2022

The Impact Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On School Psychology Internship Outcomes, Julie Q. Morrison, Kizzy Albritton, Elana Bernstein, Susan C. Davies, Laurice Joseph, Katherine R. Mezher, Jennifer Reynolds, Richard W. Vanvoorhis

Counselor Education and Human Services Faculty Publications

The Ohio Internship Program in School Psychology was forced to adapt abruptly to the changing circumstances brought on by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic beginning in March 2020. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the school psychology internship outcomes were negatively affected by the COVID-19 pandemic in terms of supervisors' ratings of intern competencies, the number of students served by interns, and the outcomes of academic and behavior interventions supported by interns. Findings of the annual evaluation of the Ohio Internship Program in School Psychology for the school year directly affected by the pandemic …


The Perceived Impact Of Project-Based Learning (Pbl) On Middle School Students’ Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (Stem) Identity And Engagement, Jonathan Olivera Nov 2022

The Perceived Impact Of Project-Based Learning (Pbl) On Middle School Students’ Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics (Stem) Identity And Engagement, Jonathan Olivera

Theses and Dissertations

Despite multiple calls to action, the United States educational system is not producing enough viable contributors in the areas of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). These fields continue to grow, and the STEM workforce continues to expand. However, the pool of citizens prepared to enter these professions is not keeping up with the demand. Part of this issue can be attributed to a diminishing interest in STEM by students, particularly during their identity forming adolescent years. Active learning strategies have proven successful in preventing this decline with project-based learning (PBL) being one of the most successful active learning strategies. …