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Articles 151 - 180 of 374
Full-Text Articles in Educational Psychology
Addressing Religious And Spiritual Diversity In Graduate Training And Multicultural Education For Professional Psychologists, Rachel E. Crook-Lyon, Timothy B. Smith, Kari A. O’Grady, Kirti Potkar, Dallas R. Jensen, Thomas Golightly
Addressing Religious And Spiritual Diversity In Graduate Training And Multicultural Education For Professional Psychologists, Rachel E. Crook-Lyon, Timothy B. Smith, Kari A. O’Grady, Kirti Potkar, Dallas R. Jensen, Thomas Golightly
Faculty Publications
Professional counselors completed a survey assessing their attitudes regarding inclusion of client spiritual and religious issues into multicultural training and practice. Most respondents agreed that spiritual and religious issues should be included in counselor training and that this content could be integrated successfully into existing instruction regarding multicultural counseling.
Improving Implicit Learning And Explicit Instruction Of Adult And Child Learners Of Chinese, Li-Hui Kuo
Improving Implicit Learning And Explicit Instruction Of Adult And Child Learners Of Chinese, Li-Hui Kuo
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored the main effects and interaction effects of implicit learning and explicit instructional approaches on the language acquisition of beginning adult and child learners of Chinese and analyzed the successful adult and child learners' learning styles in their information processing time, second language acquisition techniques, and cognitive strategies. Volunteers from Brigham Young University and Wasatch Elementary School were randomly assigned to either an Explicit Instruction Treatment (EIT) or an Implicit Learning Treatment (ILT). Following the treatment, the participants completed an online survey and a vocabulary application test. Results from a 2 x 2 factorial ANOVA indicated that adults …
Types, Subjects, And Purposes Of K-12 Online Learning Interaction, Jered A. Borup
Types, Subjects, And Purposes Of K-12 Online Learning Interaction, Jered A. Borup
Theses and Dissertations
Although K-12 online learning has experienced exceptional growth, research in the area has lagged behind. This dissertation addressed this gap in the literature using a multiple article dissertation format. The first article used survey data from two online English courses at the Open High School of Utah (OHSU) to examine students' reported interactions with content, peers, and instructors. The large majority of students viewed all investigated types of interaction as educational and motivational. Students perceived learner--instructor and learner--content interactions to have significantly higher educational value than learner--learner interactions, and viewed learner--instructor interaction to be significantly more motivational than learner--content interaction. …
Exploring The Narrative-Oriented Qualities Of The Learner's Encounter With Unfamiliarity, Jonathan S. Spackman
Exploring The Narrative-Oriented Qualities Of The Learner's Encounter With Unfamiliarity, Jonathan S. Spackman
Theses and Dissertations
Learning, as embodied familiarization, is described as an embodied, non-representational, and non-mechanistic experience. Within this theoretical framework, a qualitative study is presented that offers a deeper understanding of the learner's encounter with unfamiliarity -- a key lived experience of embodied familiarization. Assertions related to encounters with unfamiliarity are made through a multiple case study analysis and a deeper understanding of the assertions is offered by way of a narrative-oriented framework. From this perspective, agentive, concernful, dispositional and meaningful aspects of learning are discernible.
Investigating Prompt Difficulty In An Automatically Scored Speaking Performance Assessment, Troy L. Cox
Investigating Prompt Difficulty In An Automatically Scored Speaking Performance Assessment, Troy L. Cox
Theses and Dissertations
Speaking assessments for second language learners have traditionally been expensive to administer because of the cost of rating the speech samples. To reduce the cost, many researchers are investigating the potential of using automatic speech recognition (ASR) as a means to score examinee responses to open-ended prompts. This study examined the potential of using ASR timing fluency features to predict speech ratings and the effect of prompt difficulty in that process. A speaking test with ten prompts representing five different intended difficulty levels was administered to 201 subjects. The speech samples obtained were then (a) rated by human raters holistically, …
Academic Performance, Course Completion Rates, And Student Perception Of The Quality And Frequency Of Interaction In A Virtual High School, Abigail Hawkins, Charles R. Graham, Richard R. Sudweeks, Michael K. Barbour
Academic Performance, Course Completion Rates, And Student Perception Of The Quality And Frequency Of Interaction In A Virtual High School, Abigail Hawkins, Charles R. Graham, Richard R. Sudweeks, Michael K. Barbour
Faculty Publications
This study examined the relationship between students’ perceptions of teacher– student interaction and academic performance at an asynchronous, self-paced, statewide virtual high school. Academic performance was measured by grade awarded and course completion. There were 2269 students who responded to an 18-item survey designed to measure student perceptions on the quality and frequency of teacher–student interaction. Quality of interaction was subdivided into three constructs representing feedback, procedural, and social interaction. A confirmatory factor analysis helped to establish the fit of the statistical model for teacher–student interaction. Hierarchical logistical regression indicates that an increase in the quality and frequency of interaction …
Caring In A Technology-Mediated Online High School Context, Andrea Velasquez, Charles R. Graham, Richard Osguthorpe
Caring In A Technology-Mediated Online High School Context, Andrea Velasquez, Charles R. Graham, Richard Osguthorpe
Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to describe how caring is experienced in the technology-mediated context of the Open High School in Utah, an online charter high school. Two female teachers, two male students, and two female students were interviewed three times over 9 months regarding their experience of caring teacher–student interactions. Data were analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Discovered themes were then organized into three superordinate themes: engrossment, motivational displacement, and reciprocity. Results suggest not only that caring interactions are possible in the online context, but also that specific caring pedagogies can strengthen the teacher–student relationship online. Additionally, …
The Nature Of Adolescent Learner Interaction In A Virtual High School Setting, J. Borup, Charles R. Graham, R.S. Davies
The Nature Of Adolescent Learner Interaction In A Virtual High School Setting, J. Borup, Charles R. Graham, R.S. Davies
Faculty Publications
This study used survey data to measure the effect of learners’ reported interactions with content, peers, and instructors on several course outcomes in two virtual high school courses that emphasized interactive learning. Surveys found that the large majority of students viewed all investigated types of interaction as educational and motivational. Students perceived learner–instructor and learner–content interactions to have significantly higher educational value (a < 0.01) than learner–learner interactions, and viewed learner–instructor interaction to be significantly more motivational (a < 0.01) than learner–content interaction. Furthermore, nine significant correlations were found involving the time students reported spending on human interaction and course outcomes. Seven of the significant correlations were related to the time students reported spending in human interaction and the more affective outcomes, such as course satisfaction and disposition towards the subject area. Outcomes also indicate that learner–learner interaction had higher correlations with course outcomes than learners’ interactions with the content or their instructor. Students’ perceived learning was not significantly correlated with any type of interaction, and only students’ total reported time spent on learner– learner interaction and students’ social learner–learner interaction were significantly correlated with their grade.
A Framework For Institutional Adoption And Implementation Of Blended Learning In Higher Education, Charles R. Graham, Wendy Woodfield, J. Buckley Harrison
A Framework For Institutional Adoption And Implementation Of Blended Learning In Higher Education, Charles R. Graham, Wendy Woodfield, J. Buckley Harrison
Faculty Publications
There has been rapid growth in blended learning implementation and research focused on course-level issues such as improved learning outcomes, but very limited research focused on institutional policy and adoption issues. More institutional-level blended learning research is needed to guide institutions of higher education in strategically adopting and implementing blended learning on campus. This research investigates six cases of institutional adoption of blended learning to examine the key issues that can guide university administrators interested in this endeavor. Cases were selected to represent institutions at various stages of blended learning adoption including (1) awareness/exploration, (2) adoption/early implementation, and (3) mature …
The Nature Of Parental Interactions In An Online Charter School, Jered Borup, Charles R. Graham, Randall S. Davies
The Nature Of Parental Interactions In An Online Charter School, Jered Borup, Charles R. Graham, Randall S. Davies
Faculty Publications
A belief commonly held in the K–12 education community is that parents can have a positive impact on their child’s learning. However, little research has examined parental involvement in an online learning environment. In this study, researchers using survey data found that generally students and parents viewed parent–instructor and learner–parent interactions as motivational. Students viewed learner–parent interaction as significantly more motivational than did their parents. The quantity of reported parental interactions was generally negatively correlated with course outcomes. These negative correlations may be the result of parents’ tendency to increase interaction levels following poor student performance and may not reflect …
An Analysis Of Research Trends In Dissertations And Theses Studying Blended Learning, Jeffrey S. Drysdale, Charles R. Graham, Kristian J. Spring, Lisa R. Halverson
An Analysis Of Research Trends In Dissertations And Theses Studying Blended Learning, Jeffrey S. Drysdale, Charles R. Graham, Kristian J. Spring, Lisa R. Halverson
Faculty Publications
This article analyzes the research of 205 doctoral dissertations and masters' theses in the domain of blended learning. A summary of trends regarding the growth and context of blended learning research is presented. Methodological trends are described in terms of qualitative, inferential statistics, descriptive statistics, and combined approaches to data analysis. Research topics are divided into nine topics (learner outcomes, dispositions, instructional design, interaction, comparison, demographics, technology, professional development, and other), each containing several sub-topics. Patterns in these topics are analyzed to identify gaps in research and to highlight opportunities for future research as the field of blended learning continues …
Developing Caring Relationships In Schools: A Review Of The Research On Caring And Nurturing Pedagogies, Andrea Velasquez, Richard West, Charles R. Graham, Richard Osguthorpe
Developing Caring Relationships In Schools: A Review Of The Research On Caring And Nurturing Pedagogies, Andrea Velasquez, Richard West, Charles R. Graham, Richard Osguthorpe
Faculty Publications
Education has been criticized for a disproportionate focus on the technical aspects of teaching with less focus on its ‘human’ aspects. Consequently, many researchers and theorists have expressed a need to answer what role care plays in education. Our purpose in this review is to examine the definition of caring pedagogies and synthesize relevant research helpful to understanding its application. We briefly consider moral development and ethical care theories pertinent to teaching and learning and synthesize the research findings related to defining and measuring caring pedagogy; as well as developing caring characteristics in teachers and students, caring classroom communities, and …
The Influence Of Asynchronous Video Communication On Learner Social Presence: A Narrative Analysis Of Four Cases, Jered Borup, Richard E. West, Charles R. Graham
The Influence Of Asynchronous Video Communication On Learner Social Presence: A Narrative Analysis Of Four Cases, Jered Borup, Richard E. West, Charles R. Graham
Faculty Publications
Online courses are increasingly using asynchronous video communication. However, little is known about how asynchronous video communication influences students’ communication patterns. This study presents four narratives of students with varying characteristics who engaged in asynchronous video communication. The extrovert valued the efficiency of making video comments but saw little value in viewing the video comments of her peers. Somewhat inversely, the English language learner valued the video comments of her peers but lacked the ability to fully participate herself. The introverted student valued the flexibility and richness of asynchronous video but spent an inordinate amount of time recording her videos. …
Using Hypertext And Case-Based Explanation To Help Learners Access Explanations To Unexpected Grammar Forms Encountered In Native Speech Examples, Kenneth B. Packer
Using Hypertext And Case-Based Explanation To Help Learners Access Explanations To Unexpected Grammar Forms Encountered In Native Speech Examples, Kenneth B. Packer
Theses and Dissertations
Three hypertext implementation strategies were evaluated against one another and against a control group to determine which best supported the language learner. Each version was also applied to four languages with diverse grammatical structures. These included Mandarin Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese, and Spanish. Language students were tested to determine how useful each strategy was in facilitating rapid and accurate explanation of grammatical structures embedded in native speech examples. Speed and accuracy were also measured as respondents applied a targeted grammar structure to construction of their own unique sentences. With respect to the four different languages, results were also analyzed to judge …
Measuring The Technical Difficulty In Reusing Open Educational Resources With The Alms Analysis Framework, Seth Michael Gurell
Measuring The Technical Difficulty In Reusing Open Educational Resources With The Alms Analysis Framework, Seth Michael Gurell
Theses and Dissertations
The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement was started roughly ten years old (Wiley & Gurell, 2009). Since that time thousands of resources have been produced. Though these resources have been used both for classroom development and for the autodidact, the development of OER was not without problems. Incompatibility between Creative Commons licenses has made revising and remixing two resources difficult, if not impossible (Linksvayer, 2006). Tools to help educators find appropriate educational resources have been necessary but are still nascent. Educators' perceived quality issues have also hampered adoption (Wiley & Gurell, 2009). The result is that resources were only being …
Mobile Dichotomous Key Application As A Scaffolding Tool In The Museum Setting, Kathryn Birgithe Knight
Mobile Dichotomous Key Application As A Scaffolding Tool In The Museum Setting, Kathryn Birgithe Knight
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored the use of a dichotomous key as a scaffolding tool in the museum setting. The dichotomous key was designed as a scaffolding tool to help students make more detailed observations as they identified various species of birds on display. The dichotomous key was delivered to groups of fifth and seventh graders in two ways: on a mobile platform and by museum educators. Data was collected in the forms of pre- and post-testing and observations to compare the two methods. Findings suggest the Mobile Dichotomous Key (MDK), developed by educators at the Bean Life Science Museum at Brigham …
A Corpus-Based Evaluation Of The Common European Framework Vocabulary For French Teaching And Learning, Francoise S. Kusseling
A Corpus-Based Evaluation Of The Common European Framework Vocabulary For French Teaching And Learning, Francoise S. Kusseling
Theses and Dissertations
The CEFR French profiles have been widely used to teach and evaluate language instruction over the past decade. The profiles were specifications of vocabulary that have been largely untested from a corpus-based, empirical perspective. The purpose of this dissertation was to evaluate the CEFR profiles by comparing their content with two sizable contemporary corpora. This study quantified and described the vocabulary overlap and uniqueness across all three of these resources. Four areas of overlap and three areas of uniqueness were analyzed and identified. Slightly over 40% of the lexical content was common to the three resources studied. Additionally, 16.3% was …
From Teams To Communities Of Practice, Stephen D. Ashton
From Teams To Communities Of Practice, Stephen D. Ashton
Theses and Dissertations
This dissertation documents the qualitative study that was conducted with the Ambassador Pilot Program team at Thanksgiving Point Institute; a non-profit farm, gardens, and museum complex and informal learning institution; from the summer of 2011 to the fall of 2012. The Ambassador team was tasked to develop an employee training program. Over time the team members were given more freedom to direct their own course and set their own objectives. To the co-directors of the program it seemed the Ambassadors began to embrace some characteristics common to a community of practice (CoP); however, it remained to be seen how the …
Service Learning: Engagement And Academic Achievement Of Second Language Acquisition Students In An Advanced Grammar Course While Participating In Service Learning Activities, Sara T. Ulloa
Theses and Dissertations
Service learning has been proposed as a way to create a meaningful environment for the language acquisition process (Weldon & Trautmann, 2003). As a pedagogical tool for second language acquisition the greatest benefit of utilizing service learning activities is that it creates connections to the target language community and provides authentic experiences for target language use (Long, 2003; Morris, 2001). However, there is no detailed record of how service learning actually impacts language and culture acquisition (Bloom, 2008). This multiple case study describes the ways in which four advanced Spanish learners engaged with service learning and the influence of this …
White Paper Model-Centered Analysis Process (Mcap): A Pre-Design Analysis Methodology, Andrew S. Gibbons, Jon S. Nelson, Robert E. Richards
White Paper Model-Centered Analysis Process (Mcap): A Pre-Design Analysis Methodology, Andrew S. Gibbons, Jon S. Nelson, Robert E. Richards
Faculty Publications
This paper defines a Model-Centered Analysis Process (MCAP) for pre-design analysis (PDA) to be used in the development of instruction that is problem-based, model-centered, and situated. The methodology we describe is based on theoretical principles for analysis described in a separate paper titled "Theoretical and Practical Requirements for a System of Pre-Design Analysis", which is also in this archive.
Designing A Russian Language Learning Course For Brigham Young University Independent Study, Jacob R. Burdis
Designing A Russian Language Learning Course For Brigham Young University Independent Study, Jacob R. Burdis
Theses and Dissertations
In 2010, Brigham Young University Independent Study (BYU IS) sponsored a development project for the creation of a second-year high school Russian language learning course. The objectives of the course were to implement the five standards for foreign language learning as constituted by the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages: communication, cultures, connections, comparisons, and communities. The design project is an attempt to implement these principles in an independent distance learning course, with particular emphasis on encouraging meaningful communicative learning in authentic, real-world tasks and contexts. The product of the design is a course deliverable completely online through …
Technology-Mediated Caring In Online Teaching And Learning, Andrea Velasquez
Technology-Mediated Caring In Online Teaching And Learning, Andrea Velasquez
Theses and Dissertations
As online K-12 education becomes more prevalent, there arises a need to examine caring as it is experienced in technology-mediated contexts. The first article in this dissertation examines the definition of the term "caring pedagogies" and synthesizes relevant research helpful to understanding its application in a variety of contexts, including the technology-mediated context. The literature review is organized in the following categories: understanding caring pedagogy (defining and measuring), developing caring characteristics in individuals, developing caring communities, and developing caring in unique contexts. This article concludes that more research related to care is necessary in contexts other than the early childhood …
The Influence Of One Scholar On Another: A Citation Analysis Of Highly Cited Authors In Instructional Design And Technology, Tyler Randall Small
The Influence Of One Scholar On Another: A Citation Analysis Of Highly Cited Authors In Instructional Design And Technology, Tyler Randall Small
Theses and Dissertations
While many historical articles and chapters on the foundations of Instructional Design and Technology (IDT) have painted an accurate picture of the field, it has been 21 years since anyone has given emphasis to the relationships of influence among IDT scholars. Many have written on various elements of the field, emphasizing events according to their own experience, which have increased our overall understanding of IDT. However, without insight on the connections between these pieces, the field appears to be only a broad array of isolated silos, each filled with its own research interest. This research sought to discover IDT's genealogy …
Textbook Bling: An Evaluation Of Textbook Quality And Usability In Open Educational Resources Versus Traditionally Published Textbooks, Jennifer Lynn Price
Textbook Bling: An Evaluation Of Textbook Quality And Usability In Open Educational Resources Versus Traditionally Published Textbooks, Jennifer Lynn Price
Theses and Dissertations
This mixed-methods study evaluated quality, usage, and perceptions of open educational resources compared to traditionally published textbooks. Because textbooks and other related materials make up a significant portion of educational costs, open educational resources have been explored for potential cost savings at all levels of education. These resources use public domain or open-licensed materials as the content component of free eTextbooks or low-cost printed textbooks. This evaluation explores how teachers and students use textbook resources both in and out of the classroom and the degree to which the content and design of open textbooks compares in quality and value to …
Evaluation In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Benjamin L. Mcmurry
Evaluation In Computer-Assisted Language Learning, Benjamin L. Mcmurry
Theses and Dissertations
Evaluation of Computer-assisted language learning (CALL) needs to be scrutinized according to the same standards of evaluation as other professional materials. Evaluation can be divided into two distinct, yet similar, categories: formal (following a prescribed evaluation model) and informal. The aim of this dissertation is two-fold. The first purpose is to benefit the field of CALL by situating CALL evaluation in the context of frameworks used formal evaluation. The second purpose is to discover informal evaluation practices of CALL practitioners. First, with regard to formal evaluation of CALL materials, practices and insights from the field of evaluation would help CALL …
The Development Of Interactive Technology For Conveying Symbols, Signs, And Meaning For Beginning Learners Of Arabic, Samuel Joseph Chester Smith
The Development Of Interactive Technology For Conveying Symbols, Signs, And Meaning For Beginning Learners Of Arabic, Samuel Joseph Chester Smith
Theses and Dissertations
This study explored how a computer-assisted second-language instructional method introduced basic Arabic vocabulary and grammar and affected vocabulary acquisition. This instructional method used audio, text and animated images to introduce the vocabulary and grammar in a meaningful step-by-step presentation. Volunteers from Brigham Young University and Brigham Young University-Idaho were randomly assigned to either a control group or an experimental group to participate in interactive Arabic language computer programs. The control group received Arabic instruction by means of computerized flashcards, while the experimental group received Arabic instruction by means of animated images. Following the treatment, the volunteers completed an online posttest …
The Viability Of Virtual Worlds In Higher Education: Can Creativity Thrive Outside The Traditional Classroom Environment?, Linda M. Bradford
The Viability Of Virtual Worlds In Higher Education: Can Creativity Thrive Outside The Traditional Classroom Environment?, Linda M. Bradford
Theses and Dissertations
In spite of the growing popularity of virtual worlds for gaming, recreation, and education, few studies have explored the efficacy of 3D immersive virtual worlds in post-secondary instruction; even fewer discuss the ability of virtual worlds to help young adults develop creative thinking. This study investigated the effect of virtual world education on creative thought for university level students. Over the course of two semesters, a total of 97 university students participated in this study. Forty-six of these participants (experimental group) spent time in a specially designed virtual world environment, the V.I.E.W., while 51 of the participants (control group) met …
Cultural Competence Lessons For Engineering Students Working On Global Virtual Teams, Jennifer Alyce Alexander
Cultural Competence Lessons For Engineering Students Working On Global Virtual Teams, Jennifer Alyce Alexander
Theses and Dissertations
With funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF), the Ira A. Fulton College of Engineering and Technology at BYU has been furthering their research on Global Virtual Teams. After Cultural Competence lessons were implemented into the classroom setting in 2010, it was decided that teaching the lessons online asynchronously could have advantages in decreasing the time professors needed to cover the content in class. In 2011, Jennifer Alexander teamed with faculty involved with the NSF grant to design and develop online Cultural Competence lessons. Beginning in August 2011 students at BYU and other cooperating campuses participated in the online Cultural …
The Effects Of Previous Exposure To Independent Study Courses And Open Courseware On Withdrawal From Subsequent Independent Study Courses, Mary Margaret Dickson Stevens
The Effects Of Previous Exposure To Independent Study Courses And Open Courseware On Withdrawal From Subsequent Independent Study Courses, Mary Margaret Dickson Stevens
Theses and Dissertations
This study examined factors affecting withdrawal rates using a selection of high school and college-level courses from BYU Independent Study (BYU IS). Exposure to BYU Open Courseware (OCW) curriculum prior to registration had no significant effect on withdrawal rates. Prior enrollment in a BYU IS course had a statistically significant positive effect on withdrawal rates, a surprising result. Further HLM analysis of 83,707 students indicated that at least some of the variability in student withdrawal behavior at the high school level was influenced by prior enrollment, the online course format, and courses offered in the fine arts. For both high …
Everybody Is Their Own Island: Teacher Disconnection In A Virtual School, Abigail Hawkins, Charles R. Graham, Michael K. Barbour
Everybody Is Their Own Island: Teacher Disconnection In A Virtual School, Abigail Hawkins, Charles R. Graham, Michael K. Barbour
Faculty Publications
Virtual schooling is a recent phenomenon in K-12 online learning. As such, the roles of the online teachers are emerging and differ from those of the traditional classroom teacher. Using qualitative interviews of eight virtual high school teachers, this study explored teachers' perceptions of their online teaching role. Teachers expressed a sense of disconnection from their students, the profession, and their peers as a result of limited interactions due to significant institutional barriers. Researchers discuss the implications of this disconnection as well as future avenues for research.