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Articles 1741 - 1770 of 2602
Full-Text Articles in Educational Psychology
Personality Types Of Master Of Science In Project Management Students: A Field Study, Thomas G. Henkel, James W. Marion Jr, Debra T. Bourdeau
Personality Types Of Master Of Science In Project Management Students: A Field Study, Thomas G. Henkel, James W. Marion Jr, Debra T. Bourdeau
Publications
In this research study, students enrolled in a university Master of Science in Project Management degree program were asked to respond to the Big Five personality inventory to ascertain whether their personality traits were in alignment with Big Five Leadership profile proposed by Lussier and Achua (2013) or were ranked similarly with the general population. Additionally, this study sought to explore whether university project management master degree students’ Big Five personalities were aligned with the suggested Big Five profile for project managers. The ranking of the Big Five leadership categories of 172 project management students was compared to rankings in …
Peer Victimization In Students Who Are Deaf And Hard Of Hearing: Exploring Educational Placement, Emily M. Lund, Scott W. Ross
Peer Victimization In Students Who Are Deaf And Hard Of Hearing: Exploring Educational Placement, Emily M. Lund, Scott W. Ross
JADARA
Forty-five American students who are Deaf/hard of hearing (SWD/HOH) in grades 5-12 completed a survey assessing their experiences with peer victimization. Almost four-fifths reported victimizing peers over the past two months, and almost 90% reported being the victim of peer victimization during that same timeframe. The most commonly reported types of peer victimization were verbal and relational aggression. Students who attended a Deaf-only campus reported greater mean victimization than those attending magnet programs located in general education schools. The results highlight the need for evidence-based programs that address peer victimization among SWD/HOH.
Perspektif “Family System Intervency” Untuk Proteksi Karakter Kebajikan Siswa Sma, Im Hambali
Perspektif “Family System Intervency” Untuk Proteksi Karakter Kebajikan Siswa Sma, Im Hambali
Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling
Today's high school students receive sharp attention from society. This happened because there were many bad incidents involving high school students, including brawls between high school students. The family system perspective study is an argument that provides insight into how family involvement in formal education can be implemented. This research uses a qualitative approach with the type of library research. This research aims to explain how a family intervention perspective can contribute to the implementation of independent character education. The results of this study show that although the idea of family intervention is developing in North American families, Indonesian culture …
Keefektifan Konseling Kelompok Adler Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Interpersonal Siswa Smp, Mega Rahma Fitriani, Nur Hidayah
Keefektifan Konseling Kelompok Adler Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Interpersonal Siswa Smp, Mega Rahma Fitriani, Nur Hidayah
Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling
Interpersonal skills is one of the skills that must be owned by a person in a relationship with other people. A person who failed in developing their interpersonal skills will be found difficulty in many aspects their life, especially on their social aspects. The purpose of this study is to know the effectiveness of Adler group counseling for improving interpersonal skills of junior high school students. This type of study is an quasi experimental method and program of study interrupted time series. From the result of hypotheses which is using wilcoxon signed ranks test, it is concluded if Adler group …
Pengembangan Media Permainan Simulasi Ular Tangga Untuk Meningkatkan Tanggung Jawab Belajar Siswa Smp, Sekar Ariyanti Putri, M. Ramli
Pengembangan Media Permainan Simulasi Ular Tangga Untuk Meningkatkan Tanggung Jawab Belajar Siswa Smp, Sekar Ariyanti Putri, M. Ramli
Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling
The purpose of this research development is to generating snakes and ladders simulation game media for increasing academic responsibility of junior high school students that meet eligibility criteria. The step development is (1) initial data collection, (2) planning, (3) developing product, (4) validity product, (5) test run product, (6) revision final product. Research result showed that snakes and ladders simulation game for increasing academic responsibility of junior high school students are qualified and worthy of display media used to provide guidance about academic responsibility.
Efektivitas Teknik Relaksasi Dalam Konseling Kelompok Behavioral Untuk Menurunkan Stres Belajar Siswa Sma, Istiana Nurcahyani, Lutfi Fauzan
Efektivitas Teknik Relaksasi Dalam Konseling Kelompok Behavioral Untuk Menurunkan Stres Belajar Siswa Sma, Istiana Nurcahyani, Lutfi Fauzan
Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling
This research purpose to know the effectiveness of relaxation technique in behavioral group counseling to reducing academic stress at senior high school students. Research use one-group pretest-posttest design. The subject are selected 5 students based on high scores academic stress scale. Instruments used the scale academic stress was developed from various theories stress by Hans Selye (1976), Lazarus and Folkman (1984) with reliability is 0.898 and item validity > 0.3. Data were analyzed using wilcoxon signed ranks test. The analysis showed the Z count value is -2.032 with significance level of 0.042 <0.05 which can be concluded that relaxation techniques effective for reducing academic stress of senior high school students.
Efektifitas Penggunaan Media Film Untuk Meningkatkan Empati Siswa Kelas Vii Smp, Alan Auliyah, Elia Flurentin
Efektifitas Penggunaan Media Film Untuk Meningkatkan Empati Siswa Kelas Vii Smp, Alan Auliyah, Elia Flurentin
Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling
This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of film to improving emphaty sevents grade students junior high school. The study design used a quasi-experimental design using the design of one group pretest-posttest design. Subjects in this study were six students who have the lowest levels of emphaty in the classroom. The research instrument used is the scale of emphaty and guidance experiment. The hypothesis testing is using the Wilcoxon test. Wilcoxon test results showed that the difference value (z) is-2.201 with a significance value of 0.028. Significance value less than 0.05, which means that Ho is rejected, …
Pengembangan Panduan Pelatihan Creative Problem Solving Untuk Mencegah Bullying Di Smp, Triwibowo Probo Sukarno, Dany Moenindyah Handarini
Pengembangan Panduan Pelatihan Creative Problem Solving Untuk Mencegah Bullying Di Smp, Triwibowo Probo Sukarno, Dany Moenindyah Handarini
Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling
This research aims to developing the creative problem solving manual for preventing bullying among junior high school students which acceptable on accuracy, utility, and implementatively. This research method is adapted from procedural research and development Borg & Gall model (1983). Expert and prospective user analyzed by inter-rater agreement (Grinnell, 1988). Agreement result of 3 guidance and counseling experts from accuracy aspect is high, utility is high, and implementatiely is very high. Agreement of 3 prospective users from accuracy is high, utility is high, and implementatively is very high. The conclusion of the test is, this training guide product acceptable.
Pengembangan Media Letter Sharing Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa Introvert, Elian Iwi Afifah, Triyono Triyono, Yuliati Hotifah
Pengembangan Media Letter Sharing Untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa Introvert, Elian Iwi Afifah, Triyono Triyono, Yuliati Hotifah
Jurnal Kajian Bimbingan dan Konseling
Communication skills are the most important things for teenagers. There is a leaning that the teenagers who have low communication skills can be called as someone who is introvert personality. People who are introvert personality tend to be difficult to communicate and express verbally. The purpose of developing letter sharing media is to improve communication skills of introvert student. This research is development research by adopting Borg and Gall research model. The development result showed that this product has the criteria of usefulness, feasibility, accuracy, and attractiveness and appropriate when used to facilitate students to express communication skills in writing.
"Like Drinking Water Out Of A Fire Hydrant" Medical Education As Transformation: A Naturalistic Inquiry Into The Physician Assistant Student Experience, Patricia Kenney-Moore
"Like Drinking Water Out Of A Fire Hydrant" Medical Education As Transformation: A Naturalistic Inquiry Into The Physician Assistant Student Experience, Patricia Kenney-Moore
Dissertations and Theses
Physician assistants are medical professionals educated in an allopathic medical education model in the United States. In order to successfully matriculate, educate and graduate safe and effective health care providers in a 2-year time frame, the 4-year M.D. curriculum has been abbreviated and condensed leading to an intense, full-time cohort educational experience that taxes physician assistant students to their limits. The demanding workload can lead to fluctuations in mood and morale along with increased levels of psychological distress. This dissertation explores this under examined student experience by first introducing the physician assistant profession and the process by which it educates …
An Introduction To Emotional Intelligence, Aiden Carthy, Ailish Jameson
An Introduction To Emotional Intelligence, Aiden Carthy, Ailish Jameson
Book/Book Chapter
In recent decades, there has been increasing focus on the role of formal education in empowering students’ social and moral development. A wealth of research evidence has shown that helping students to develop their social and emotional competencies can encourage students’ personal growth and can also yield benefits including increased student engagement and decreased levels of drop-out. However, much of what has been previously published in this field has focused on younger students, and there has been a lesser focus on third level students and educators. Therefore, there is a notable need for a single volume that synopsises the research …
Tiers 2 & 3 Intervention: Threat Assessment, Ana M. Cathcart, Elisabeth J. Kane, Reece L. Peterson
Tiers 2 & 3 Intervention: Threat Assessment, Ana M. Cathcart, Elisabeth J. Kane, Reece L. Peterson
Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications
Conclusion
Understanding why students behave aggressively and violently can be a challenge. Even more challenging is trying to prevent aggressive and violent student behavior. Although serious violent acts by students, such as a shooting, are rare, it is still vital to be able to assess, evaluate, and deter potential threats in schools. Researchers suggest that schools create policies and procedures to evaluate and assess threats and violent student behavior. Also, researchers recommend that schools utilize the threat assessment approach to help facilitate the process of evaluating and assessing threats (Cornell & Sheras, 2006). Even though there has not been extensive …
Effects Of A Short-Duration Online Simulation On Global Empathy, Chad Raymond, Sally Gomaa
Effects Of A Short-Duration Online Simulation On Global Empathy, Chad Raymond, Sally Gomaa
Faculty and Staff - Articles & Papers
In an investigation of whether a particular instructional method is associated with greater global empathy among students, undergraduates were exposed to information about Haiti through lecture, news video, or an online game that simulated life in Haiti. Our hypothesis was that students would exhibit greater global empathy after playing the interactive online simulation than they would after hearing the lecture or watching the videos. Average scores for survey questions varied according to the instructional method, as did students behavioral responses during the experiment, but the variations were not statistically significant. A larger sample, a longer duration experiment, or the exclusion …
Promoting Global Empathy And Engagement Through Real-Time Problem-Based Simulations: Outcomes From A Policymaking Simulation Set In Post-Earthquake Haiti, Chad Raymond, Tina Zappile, Daniel J. Beers
Promoting Global Empathy And Engagement Through Real-Time Problem-Based Simulations: Outcomes From A Policymaking Simulation Set In Post-Earthquake Haiti, Chad Raymond, Tina Zappile, Daniel J. Beers
Faculty and Staff - Articles & Papers
We introduce a real-time problem-based simulation in which students are tasked with drafting policy to address the challenge of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in post-earthquake Haiti from a variety of stakeholder perspectives. Students who participated in the simulation completed a quantitative survey as a pretest/posttest on global empathy, political awareness, and civic engagement, and provided qualitative data through post-simulation focus groups. The simulation was run in four courses across three campuses in a variety of instructional settings from 2013 to 2015. An analysis of the data reveals that scores on several survey items measuring global empathy and political/civic engagement increased …
Embracing Geek Culture In Undergraduate Library Instruction: The Til Subreddit For Resource Evaluation And Qualitative Assessment, Michelle Gibeault
Embracing Geek Culture In Undergraduate Library Instruction: The Til Subreddit For Resource Evaluation And Qualitative Assessment, Michelle Gibeault
University Libraries Faculty Publications and Presentations
A case study of a library instruction teaching experiment using the “Today I Learned” forum on the website reddit.com, this article addresses teaching and assessment methods intended to promote self-monitoring in both the library instructor and student. After experimenting in the context of one-shot, lower-division, library instruction sessions, the TIL structure demonstrated strong opportunities for (a) eliciting declarative feedback from students about what they learn in library instruction sessions, (b) discussing how appropriate resource selection can effectively support a claim, and (c) modeling behaviors of lifelong learning while introducing unfamiliar students to an online forum founded in that spirit.
The Development Of School Psychology Assessment Centers As Training, Service Delivery, And Research Sites, Nina M. Ellis-Hervey Ph.D., Ashley N. Doss B.S., Deshae C. Davis B.S., Alison Wilhite-Bradford M.A.
The Development Of School Psychology Assessment Centers As Training, Service Delivery, And Research Sites, Nina M. Ellis-Hervey Ph.D., Ashley N. Doss B.S., Deshae C. Davis B.S., Alison Wilhite-Bradford M.A.
Journal of Human Services: Training, Research, and Practice
School Psychologists have an ongoing responsibility to promote and support healthy schools, families, and communities, while contributing to knowledge, research, teaching, and supervision. Consequently, School Psychology programs should seek to meet these goals by providing their students with opportunities to engage in research and effective service delivery, participate in outreach services, and continued professional development. During Fall of 2013, faculty, students, and personnel of the School Psychology Program at Stephen F. Austin State University successfully developed a School Psychology Assessment Center, which is maintained on the university’s campus. The primary objective of this university-approved Center is the enhancement of service …
Tier 1 Intervention: School Climate And Culture, Elisabeth J. Kane, Natalie Hoff, Allison Heifner, Shir Palmon, Reece L. Peterson
Tier 1 Intervention: School Climate And Culture, Elisabeth J. Kane, Natalie Hoff, Allison Heifner, Shir Palmon, Reece L. Peterson
Department of Special Education and Communication Disorders: Faculty Publications
Conclusion
A vast amount of research supports the idea that positive school climate has many benefits for school systems. The positive benefits affect students, staff, families, and the local community. Benefits range from improved academic achievement, personal and mental health, and relationships; as well as reduced bullying, victimization, suspension, drop out, and teacher turnover. Appropriate assessment and intervention procedures are key to reducing the gap between research and practice. Although school climate enhancement is not a simple or quick task, it is a crucial piece of school improvement and can have profound effects on student wellbeing and academic success.
Tier …
Traumatic Brain Injury: Persistent Misconceptions And Knowledge Gaps Among Educators, Deborah Ettel, Ann E. Glang, Bonnie Todis, Susan C. Davies
Traumatic Brain Injury: Persistent Misconceptions And Knowledge Gaps Among Educators, Deborah Ettel, Ann E. Glang, Bonnie Todis, Susan C. Davies
Counselor Education and Human Services Faculty Publications
Each year approximately 700,000 U.S. children aged 0–19 years sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) placing them at risk for academic, cognitive, and behavioural challenges. Although TBI has been a special education disability category for 25 years, prevalence studies show that of the 145,000 students each year who sustain long-term injury from TBI, less than 18% are identified for special education services. With few students with TBI identified for special education, TBI is mistakenly viewed as a low-incidence disability, and is covered minimally in educator preparation. We surveyed educators and found that they lacked knowledge, applied skills, and self-efficacy in …
Alien, Illegal, Undocumented: Labeling, Context, And Worldview In The Immigration Debate And In The Lives Of Undocumented Youth, David A. Caicedo
Alien, Illegal, Undocumented: Labeling, Context, And Worldview In The Immigration Debate And In The Lives Of Undocumented Youth, David A. Caicedo
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
A key element of investigating attitudes towards unauthorized immigrants in the United States has been political orientation, yet few studies have examined the influence of such orientation on labels relevant to the immigration debate. The current dissertation project examined these attitudes among young adults using survey, focus group, and interview methodologies. Level of agreement on various statements regarding unauthorized immigrants was examined in Study I, definitions given for the labels ‘illegal’ and ‘undocumented’ were explored in Study II, and the lived experience of undocumented youth in two community colleges was investigated in Study III. It was hypothesized that: I) attitudes …
What’S Next For Research On Young Children’S Interactive Media?, Georgene Troseth, Colleen Russo, Gabrielle Strouse
What’S Next For Research On Young Children’S Interactive Media?, Georgene Troseth, Colleen Russo, Gabrielle Strouse
School of Education Faculty Publications
ince early in the development of children’s television, research has informed policy and practice involving young children’s media use. To increase the likelihood that new media support children’s development, research in the coming decade must stay current with advancing technology. With the advent of various forms of interactive digital media, key research questions involve social and physical interactivity. How should adults appropriately support children’s use of different kinds of media to promote children’s creativity, learning, and development? How does co-viewing (social interaction) overlap with and differ from contingency built into the medium itself? When a device interacts, does that change …
Adult Relationships In Multiple Contexts And Associations With Adolescent Mental Health, Gordon Capp, Ruth Berkowitz, Kate Sullivan, Ron Avi Astor, Kris T. De Pedro, Tamika D. Gilreath, Eric Rice
Adult Relationships In Multiple Contexts And Associations With Adolescent Mental Health, Gordon Capp, Ruth Berkowitz, Kate Sullivan, Ron Avi Astor, Kris T. De Pedro, Tamika D. Gilreath, Eric Rice
Education Faculty Articles and Research
Purpose: Adult relationships provide critical support for adolescents because of their potential to foster positive development and provide protective influences. Few studies examine multiple ecological layers of adult relationships in connection with well-being and depression. This study examines the influence of relationships from multiple contexts for adolescents and their mental health.
Method: Data from the 2011 California Healthy Kids Survey was used for this analysis; a sample of 7th-, 9th-, and 11th-grade students (N = 14,931) was drawn from 6 school districts in Southern California.
Results: Regression analyses revealed that parent, teacher, and community adult support were …
Career Counseling For Gifted Students: Understanding Student Needs And Strategies For Success, Layla J. Kurt
Career Counseling For Gifted Students: Understanding Student Needs And Strategies For Success, Layla J. Kurt
Counselor Education and Human Services Faculty Publications
Meeting the needs of gifted students’ career selection process can pose some unique considerations such as gifted asynchronous development, multipotentiality, and demographic differences such as gender, culture, and socio-economic status (SES) within the gifted population. To address the career counseling needs of gifted students, counselors need to understand the characteristics and needs of gifted students and the relationship this has in the career planning process. This article provides guidance for school counselors to understand gifted students and how to apply career counseling theories, such as the strengths-based approach, Social Cognitive Career Theory, and constructivist theory to this student population.
Public Librarian Perceptions : Use Of And Preparedness To Perform Cilf Competencies, Nan Carmack
Public Librarian Perceptions : Use Of And Preparedness To Perform Cilf Competencies, Nan Carmack
Graduate Dissertations and Theses
This study surveyed public librarians from American Library Association accredited library and information science programs to ascertain their perceptions regarding their usage of the Online Computer Library Center’s 2015 Competency Index for the Library Field in identifying discrete activities in which librarians engage. The study sought to determine if competency use and feelings of preparedness were affected by the independent variables of type of school attended (traditional or iSchool) and type of library job (youth services, reference, collection management, and administrative). While the interaction of school and job is not significant in reporting perceptions of preparedness, those attending iSchools reported …
Romantic Relationship Experiences From Late Adolescence To Young Adulthood: The Role Of Older Siblings In Mexican-Origin Families, Lorey A. Wheeler, Sarah E. Killoren, Shawn D. Whiteman, Kimberly A. Updegraff, Susan M. Mchale, Adriana J. Umana-Taylor
Romantic Relationship Experiences From Late Adolescence To Young Adulthood: The Role Of Older Siblings In Mexican-Origin Families, Lorey A. Wheeler, Sarah E. Killoren, Shawn D. Whiteman, Kimberly A. Updegraff, Susan M. Mchale, Adriana J. Umana-Taylor
Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications
Youth's experiences with romantic relationships during adolescence and young adulthood have far reaching implications for future relationships, health, and well-being; yet, although scholars have examined potential peer and parent influences, we know little about the role of siblings in youth's romantic relationships. Accordingly, this study examined the prospective longitudinal links between Mexican-origin older and younger siblings' romantic relationship experiences and variation by sibling structural and relationship characteristics (i.e., sibling age and gender similarity, younger siblings' modeling) and cultural values (i.e., younger siblings' familism values). Data from 246 Mexican-origin families with older (M = 20.65 years; SD = 1.57; 50% …
Family Influences On Mexican American Adolescents’ Romantic Relationships: Moderation By Gender And Culture, Fanita A. Tyrell, Lorey A. Wheeler, Nancy A. Gonzales, Larry Dumka, Roger Millsap
Family Influences On Mexican American Adolescents’ Romantic Relationships: Moderation By Gender And Culture, Fanita A. Tyrell, Lorey A. Wheeler, Nancy A. Gonzales, Larry Dumka, Roger Millsap
Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools: Faculty Publications
This study examined prospective associations between the family context and adolescents’ romantic relationships as moderated by adolescents’ gender and culture among Mexican American families (N = 189). Adolescents at Time 1 (early adolescence) were on average 12.29 years of age (SD = .50) and 54% female. Mothers and fathers reported on family structure and dynamics during early adolescence, and youth reported on their romantic relationship involvement and quality during middle and late adolescence. Results from path analyses indicated that family structure and dynamics (supportive parenting, consistent discipline, parent-adolescent, and interparental conflict) were associated with adolescents’ romantic involvement and …
The Role Of Individual Character Strengths In Adolescent Academic Achievement And Risky School Behavior, Paul Deschamps
The Role Of Individual Character Strengths In Adolescent Academic Achievement And Risky School Behavior, Paul Deschamps
Wayne State University Dissertations
Adolescent achievement is a major developmental task in adolescence and reducing Risky School Behaviors is an important part of the process. Patterns of adolescent achievement and general development are the result of the cumulative process that includes a long history of experience and socialization in school, in the family, in the peer group, and in the community. This study is the first to expand understanding of these key interrelated but unique outcome variables of both Academic Achievement and risky School Behavior through examination of individual Character Strengths in the presence of other key intrapersonal and contextual variables from multiple systems …
Teen Perceptions Of Cell Phone And Internet Sexual Messaging: Trends And Predictors, David Gregg
Teen Perceptions Of Cell Phone And Internet Sexual Messaging: Trends And Predictors, David Gregg
Wayne State University Dissertations
The purpose of the current study was to propose and test a predictive model for high school sexting in order to better understand influences and characteristics that contribute most to one’s decision to sext. Sexting was defined as either sending or receiving photos, videos, or text messages that contained full nudity, partial nudity, sexual requests, or comments of a sexual nature. Rates and typical recipients of sexual content were also examined in this study. A sample of 314 high school students in an urban area of Southeast Michigan were surveyed. Males were found to more frequently report engaging in nearly …
Examining Level Of Differentation And Conflict Resolution Styles Used In Romantic Relationships And Implications For Romantic Relationship Satisfaction, Amanda Kerbawy
Wayne State University Dissertations
This study examined the effect of level of differentiation on the conflict resolution styles utilized in romantic relationships, and implications for romantic relationship satisfaction. This study’s sample was composed of 189 participants, with 100 females and 89 males. The average participant age was 30.29. The setting for this study was a large Midwestern urban University. Findings suggested that there is an effect of level of differentiation on the conflict resolution styles used in romantic relationships, with a high level of differentiation being associated with the utilization of the integrating style. Implications for therapy are outlined.
Nebraskans Speak About Early Care And Education: Buffett Early Childhood Institute/Gallup Survey On Early Childhood Care And Education In Nebraska, Gallup, Inc.
Buffet Early Childhood Institute Reports and Publications
The Buffett Early Childhood Institute/Gallup Survey on Early Childhood Care and Education in Nebraska demonstrates that the vast majority of Nebraskans recognize the importance of high-quality early care and education. However, Nebraskans also report its lack of availability and affordability across the state. Most Nebraskans agree that the state should make early care and education a higher priority than it currently is today. Results from this study are based on questionnaires completed by more than 7,100 Nebraska residents. Gallup conducted the survey in English and Spanish via mail in late August through September 2015. The following represent key findings from …
Person-Level Predictors Of Bullying And Bystander Behaviors Of Middle School Students, Todd Jason Dollar
Person-Level Predictors Of Bullying And Bystander Behaviors Of Middle School Students, Todd Jason Dollar
Wayne State University Dissertations
This research examined the ways in which person-level factors (social goals, self-efficacy for defending, moral disengagement, and empathy) influence bullying and bystander experiences of middle school students. Participants (N = 207) in grades 6 to 8 (ages 11- to 15-years-old) who were enrolled in a suburban Public School Academy (i.e., charter school) middle school located in Southeastern Michigan completed a self-report questionnaire on one occasion. Multivariate analysis of variance revealed gender and grade differences in person-level factors. Gender differences were found for victimization. Females experienced significantly more social victimization than males. Multiple regression analyses revealed a synergistic effect for some, …