Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research Commons^™

10. Establishing Passing Standards, Craig N. Mills

Licensure Testing: Purposes, Procedures, and Practices

INTRODUCTION

When tests are used to determine eligibility for a license, a passing standard or cut score must be established that divides the test scores into two categories: eligible for license or not. Standard setting has been widely researched and there are many reviews available (see, for example, Jaeger, 1989; Mills & Melican, 1988; Berk, 1986; Hambleton, 1980; Hambleton & Eignor, 1980; and Shepard, 1980a, 1980b), yet there is limited practical advice available for conducting standard setting studies and establishing standards. The one available resource (Livingston & Zieky, 1982) is somewhat dated. The purpose of this chapter is to provide …

Teaching Goals, Assessment, Academic Freedom And Higher Learning, Thomas Angelo

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

In this brief essay, I'm going to try to convince you that examining our teaching goals carefully--and balancing them against our students' learning goals and colleagues' teaching goals--can help us become more effective, and perhaps even excellent college teachers.

The Why Of Teacher/Student Relationships, Richard G. Tiberius

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

I heard it again last week, "Yeah, she has a good relationship with her students, but can she teach?", as if the two were completely separate entities, like the icing and the cake. But a teacher's relationship with learners is not icing. It is an essential component of the teaching and learning process. Plumbers and computer technicians may be able to perform useful services on sinks and computers without entering into relation with them or with their owners but teaching simply cannot happen without teachers entering into relation with their students. Moreover, the teacher's success in facilitating learning is directly …

Teaching For Cognitive Growth, Barbara J. Duch, Mary K. Norton

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

The Perry Model

The theme of Perry's work is that no matter how unclouded our message or lucid our meaning, students make their own meanings from their own cognitive structures. Our students come to us naive epistemologists, replete with mistaken views of the nature of knowledge and its acquisition. Perry charts their odyssey from naiveté to maturity through stages where these restrictive cognitive chrysalises are outgrown for increasingly more subtle structures. Briefly, the journey involves the following.

Learning A Lot Vs. Looking Good: A Source Of Anxiety For Students, Anastasia S. Hagen

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Many teachers have observed that some of their best students also appear to be the students with the greatest amount of anxiety towards school. Teachers have often asked themselves, "Why is this bright, capable student feeling so anxious about what they will be asked to do in my course?" This article is an attempt to provide some insight into this situation with respect to the way students set academic goals.

Changing Priorities In Higher Education: Promotion And Tenure, Robert Diamond

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

A recent study involving over 23,000 faculty chairs, deans and administrators at research universities indicated that even those most directly involved with the present reward system feel that the balance between research and teaching needs to be modified. Most significantly, the results indicate that an effort to modify the system to recognize and reward teaching would be supported by a majority of those surveyed. It may be the time to propose a change in the system.

What They Don't Know Can Hurt Them: The Role Of Prior Knowledge In Learning, Marilla Svinicki

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Discusses prior knowledge and current learning, and using prior knowledge in instruction.

The lesson we take from the research on prior knowledge is simply this: students are not blank slates on which our words on inscribed. The students bring more to the interpretation of the situation than we realize. What they learn is conditioned by what they already know. What they know can be as damaging as what they don't know.

"If You Can Fake That...": A Reflection On The Morality Of Teaching, David A. Hoekema

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

How can we identify a professor who is genuinely open and honest in the classroom? What are the traits of an instructor who both earns and deserves students' trust? Included are suggested, potential answers to these questions.

Of Gurus, Gatekeepers, And Guides: Metaphors Of College Teaching, Mary K. Norton

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

From what the students tell me, in their experience there are three common metaphors of the college teacher. (Of course there are many more.) While we may disagree that these are the images that guide us, the students' viewpoint is nevertheless instructive, if only to remind us of the difference between what they perceive and we intend. My purpose here is to look through the students' eyes to explore what these metaphors reveal, especially in terms of their "collateral lessons," as Dewey called them: the implied concomitant messages students may draw from them: Guru, Gatekeeper, and Guide.

Preface, Jack J. Kramer

Curriculum-Based Measurement

This volume in the Buros-Nebraska Series on Measurement and Testing provides current information on the development and implementation of curriculum-based measurement. As the title of the volume suggests, effective measurement of children's classroom achievement is not a new problem. Curriculum-based measurement provides an interesting and useful alternative to traditional strategies for assessing academic performance.

This volume continues the tradition of including papers given at the annual Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Testing and Measurement as well as additional contributions selected especially for this book. Each of our authors has made significant contributions to the research that has been produced in the area …

3. Enhancing Instructional Programming And Student Achievement With Curriculum-Based Measurement, Lynn S. Fuchs

Curriculum-Based Measurement

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is a form of curriculum-based assessment. As such, CBM has three features in common with all curriculum-based assessment approaches (Tucker, 1987): Test stimuli are drawn from the student's curriculum; assessment is ongoing and repeated across time; and assessment data are used to formulate instructional decisions.

Despite these similarities to other forms of curriculum-based assessment, CBM is distinctive because of two important features: It measures student proficiency across the annual curriculum and relics on standardized, prescriptive measurement methods (Fuchs & Dena, in press). The first purpose of this chapter is to explain these two features of CBM, by …

1. Curriculum-Based Measurement, Stanley L. Deno

Curriculum-Based Measurement

In the history of Greek mythology there is a character named Sisyphus who, for sins committed during his lifetime, is condemned to spend eternity pushing a boulder up a hill. No matter how hard Sisyphus tries as he nears the top of the hill, the boulder rolls back down. Sisyphus cannot escape from this continued cycle of effort and failure. Sometimes, when I think about the experiences of many children attempting to learn basic skills in the public schools, I think of the myth of Sisyphus. Too often, it seems to me, no matter how hard they try, they do …

6. Cba: An Assessment Of Its Current Status And Prognosis For Its Future, Mark R. Shinn, Roland H. Good Iii

Curriculum-Based Measurement

The very fact that curriculum-based assessment (CBA) forms the basis of a topic-driven conference at the center of American educational and psychological measurement (i.e., the Buros Institute) is testimony that the strategies are receiving a substantial amount of professional attention. Although debate continues regarding to whom and when the term curriculum-based assessment should be ascribed (Coulter, 1988), without question, its prominence has grown considerably in the last 10 years. Within the last 5 years, school psychology and special education have seen their flagship journals, School Psychology Review and Exceptional Children, devote special volumes to CBA. National organizations such as …

2. A Review Of Curriculum-Based Procedures On Nine Assessment Components, Gerald Tindal

Curriculum-Based Measurement

The purpose of this chapter is to describe curriculum-based procedures from a broad perspective that encompasses the major models appearing in the professional literature in the past 10 years. Rather than simply review the major perspectives, operating assumptions, and implementation directives of these models, however, nine criteria are presented for a uniform comparison. These criteria were implicit in the adoption of curriculum-based measurement (CBM) in Pine County, Minnesota during the initial training and field-based research conducted in the early 1980s. Therefore, they can be used both to structure the review and to provide district personnel a focused evaluation strategy for …

5. Curriculum-Based Assessment: Implications For Psychoeducational Practice, Edward S. Shapiro

Curriculum-Based Measurement

The topic of this chapter places me somewhere between Camac the Magnificent and a crystal ball gazer! On the one hand, I am being asked to look into the future and discuss the potential implications of curriculum-based assessment (CBA) for psychoeducational practice. Although my graduate students believe I may have superhuman powers and can be all places at the same time, fortune telling was never one of my talents. On the other hand, like Camac, I obviously believe that CBA is an answer, but I'm not sure what the questions are going to be. In this paper I assume that …

Subject Index

Curriculum-Based Measurement

Subject Index (A-Z)

4 pages

Curriculum-Based Measurement- Complete Work, Jane Close Conoley, Jack J. Kramer

Curriculum-Based Measurement

This volume in the Buros-Nebraska Series on Measurement and Testing provides current information on the development and implementation of curriculum-based measurement. As the title of the volume suggests, effective measurement of children's classroom achievement is not a new problem. Curriculum-based measurement provides an interesting and useful alternative to traditional strategies for assessing academic performance. This volume continues the tradition of including papers given at the annual Buros-Nebraska Symposium on Testing and Measurement as well as additional contributions selected especially for this book. Each of our authors has made significant contributions to the research that has been produced in the area …

Risky Business: Making Active Learning A Reality, Charles C. Bonwell

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Much has been said about the power of active learning as an instructional model. But moving from theory to practice may need some careful thought and timely advice.

Disciplinary Cultures And General Education, Sheila Tobias

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Is there an unspoken culture that pervades the teaching in a discipline? How does an intelligent outsider recognize its assumptions and mores?

But How Do We Get Them To Think?, Carol A. Weiss

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

We hear this question constantly from faculty these days. This article will describe strategies for motivating and teaching students skills in this area.

The Four Cultures Of The Academy, William H. Bergquist

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

How do the cultures of the academy affect the teaching and learning which is so central to its mission?

Power In College Teaching, Linc. Fisch

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Teachers carry a lot of power to influence students in both good and bad ways. An awareness of this fact is a blessing and a curse.

Competence: What Does It Mean In Teaching And Learning?, Ronald A. Smith

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

What does it mean to be competent in a field? Our definition of competence influences the way we teach and what we expect from students.

Ten Qualities Of Self-Renewing Faculty, Frederick M. Hudson

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Keeping ourselves alive and motivated is a never-ending struggle for faculty, who often feel overwhelmed. This author provides some insights into specific ways to keep the creative spirit flourishing.

Teaching Controversial Issues, Suzanne Cherrin

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

There are many topics in our curriculum which are relevant to students lives, affect students personally, and frequently produce emotional responses in the classroom. This article makes suggestions for managing controversy and maximizing the opportunity for active learning.

Author Index

Curriculum-Based Measurement

List of Authors (A-Z)

6 pages

4. Academic Skill Assessment: An Evaluation Of The Role And Function Of Curriculum-Based Measurements, Francis E. Lentz, Jack J. Kramer

Curriculum-Based Measurement

In the most meaningful use of the term assessment, important decisions are made daily by teachers based on their assessment of information obtained from student responses to curriculum-related materials. These assessment decisions may include deciding on extra work or deciding to refer a child for learning or behavior problems. The term curriculum-based assessment (CBA) has been used to encompass a wide range of procedures ranging from these daily informal analyses by teachers, to highly structured measurement systems used in special education systems. Although well-constructed guides exist for some sets of curriculum-based decisions (e.g., Shinn, 1989), there is inadequate empirical research …

Title And Contents, Jane Close Conoley, Jack J. Kramer

Curriculum-Based Measurement

Curriculum-Based Measurement

Contents

Preface vii

1. Curriculum-Based Measurement 1
Stanley L.Deno

2. A Review of Curriculum-Based Procedures on Nine Assessment Components 25
Gerald Tindal

3. Enhancing Instructional Programming and Student Achievement with Curriculum- Based Measurement 65
Lynn S. Fuchs

4. Academic Skill Assessment: An Evaluation of the Role and Function of Curriculum-Based Measurements 105
Francis E. Lentz and Jack J. Kramer

5. Curriculum-Based Assessment: Implications for Psychoeducational Practice 123
Edward S. Shapiro

6. CBA: An Assessment of Its Current Status and Prognosis for Its Future 139
Mark R. Shinn and Roland H. Good, III

Author Index 179

Subject Index 185

Good Teaching: A Matter Of Living The Mystery, Parker J. Palmer

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Good teaching cannot be equated with technique. It comes from the integrity of the teacher, from his or her relation to the subject or the student, from the capricious chemistry of it all. The author muses about how to give voice to the questions the students won’t ask but which probably lie on the cutting edge of their learning.

Making Sense (And Use) Of Written Student Comments, Karron G. Lewis

Professional and Organizational Development Network in Higher Education: Archives

Student evaluations of teaching are more and more common. Many include a baffling array of student comments along with scaled items. To get the most out of these rich data requires some planning and careful analysis.