Curriculum and Instruction Commons^™

Ec77-219 Nebraska Swine Report, E. R. Peo Jr., Clayton L. Kelling, Alex Hogg, Oliver D. Grace, Larry Bitney, Michael Duffy, Bobby D. Moser, William Ahlschwede, R. D. Fritschen, Keith E. Gilster, Wayne J. Hansen, Dwane R. Zimmerman, P.J. Cunningham, Roger W. Mandigo, J.F. Campbell, James Drake Heldt, Murray Danielson, Mike Cooksley, Steve Pohl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1977 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G77-374 Seasonal Prices For Meat Animals, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Seasonal variations in livestock prices seem to follow a similar pattern from year to year. For some classes of livestock, these seasonal swings in prices have been quite consistent for a number of years; while others have changed considerably over time.

Seasonal price fluctuations result mostly from seasonal supply changes or variations in marketings. For any given year a cyclical change in price may override the season pattern. Seasonal price changes during the 1972-76 period also were influenced by a price freeze, as well as changes in supply and demand.

Seasonal price changes are important factors to consider in planning …

G77-361 Using Starter Fertilizers For Corn, Grain Sorghum, And Soybeans, Edwin J. Penas, Gary W. Hergert

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Starter fertilizer may increase early growth of corn and grain sorghum. Grain yield increases from starter nutrients are most likely on low phosphorus soils and some sandy soils.

Proper use of a starter fertilizer is an important management tool for crop producers striving for top yields. While the use of a starter fertilizer can be important for crop production on many soils, it is more important for corn production on irrigated sandy soils than on fine textured soils.

G76-324 Limiting Feed Intake With Salt, T.D. Rich, Steve Armbruster, D.R. Gill

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Cattlemen are aware of the impact high cost labor has on profit; thus, management procedures which reduce labor requirements are important. One management tool frequently used is regulating feed intake with salt.

In addition, self-feeding supplements tend to allow timid, slow-eating cows to get their share and it is an easy method of providing Vitamin A, phosphorus and other feed additives. However, there are disadvantages to feeding salt-concentrate mixes. Salt is not a precise regulator of intake since certain individuals will tolerate more salt than others and abundant water is essential.

Daily salt requirement for mature cattle is less than …

G76-308 Principles Of Beef Cattle Selection, H.A. Fitzhugh, Jr.

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Selection of superior seedstock leads to lasting genetic improvement by increasing the frequency of "desirable" genes and decreasing frequency of "undesirable" genes. The definition of "desirable" varies. Nature favors genes which improve fitness to survive and thrive in the natural environment. Man should favor genes which improve biological and economic efficiency of beef production.

The concepts, definitions, formulas and symbols that are the tools necessary for effective selection programs are discussed in this publication.

G76-321 Use Of Energy Values In Ration Formulation, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information on the use of high energy values in ration formulation.

Ruminants digest feedstuffs primarily by fermentation in the rumen. This allows ruminant animals to use both roughages and grains as sources of carbohydrates for energy. Part of the carbohydrates pass through the rumen and are digested in the abomasum and small intestine. Most carbohydrates in feeds are converted to either acetic, propionic or butyric acid by rumen bacteria and protozoa. These short chain fatty acids are then absorbed through the rumen wall into the blood stream and eventually are used for energy in body tissue.

G76-301 How To Tell Corn, Sorghum Maturity, J.D. Eastin, J.T. Hultquist, C.Y. Sullivan

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Researchers have discovered a way to tell when corn and grain sorghum have stopped filling — when they are physiologically mature. A layer of cells near the point where the kernel is attached to the plant turns dark brown as the kernel nears maturity and, finally, black when the kernel is mature.

This NebGuide discusses how to read maturity in the layers of corn and sorghum.

G76-294 Band Application Of Herbicides (Revised March 1986), Russell S. Moomaw, Alex Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Many row crop producers prefer to use hebicide band applications because of reduced costs. Savings can be substantial with the more expensive materials. Properly applied, band applications of herbicides can satisfactorily protect the crop from weed growth. Herbicide row banding can be done either at crop planting time or postemergence after the crop and weeds have emerged.

G76-303 Large Round Bale Safety (Revised June 1995), Robert D. Grisso, David Morgan, Rollin D. Schnieder

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide covers the safety aspects for equipment used in large round bale packages such as: balers, front-end loaders, bale handling and transport devices.

Large round baling creates unique safety problems for farmers and ranchers. Large round balers have many moving parts that can cause injury or death if a person becomes entangled. Never leave the tractor seat until the PTO (power take-off) has been disengaged, the engine is shut off, and all moving parts have stopped.

G76-314 Native Wood Fence Posts (Revised February 1990), Thomas L. Schmidt, Michael R. Kuhns

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This guide evaluates native Nebraska tree species for use as wooden fence posts.

Fencing is a major part of most farming and ranching operations. Fences are costly and require regular repair and maintenance. Wood fence posts cut from native Nebraska trees can be less expensive than steel posts or wood posts imported from other states. When deciding whether to use native wood fence posts, consider durability, availability and ease of handling.

G76-284 Hand Signals For Agriculture, Rollin D. Schnieder

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains hand signals useful for communicating around noisy equipment and from a distance.

Throughout history, man has devised methods of contacting others who were out of voice range or who could not be heard because of excess noise. The Indians were skilled at using smoke signals or by imitating some form of wildlife such as the owl or coyote.

The early explorers used other signs to guide them. The slashing of bark on trees or sticks pointed in a certain direction were keys for keeping the persons from getting lost or for others to follow.

The railroad used …

G76-325 Sweet Clover Poisoning, I,A. Schipper

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sweet clover poisoning is a problem of varying frequency and intensity in livestock wherever sweet clover grows. The toxic compound produced in sweet clover prevents normal blood clotting resulting in hemorrhages and associated symptoms.

This publication covers which animals are most susceptible, the cause, prevention, management, and treatment of sweet clover poisoning.

G76-322 How To Handle Insect And Plant Specimens For Identification (Revised March 1985), Luanne Coziahr, Stephen D. Danielson, John Furrer, Don Steinegger

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The Nebraska Cooperative Extension Service offers the public a pest/plant identification service. Under this service, insects, weeds, plant diseases, and horticultural plants are identified and, if appropriate, methods for their prevention or control are recommended. Diagnoses of plant problems and control recommendations will be more precise if specimens are handled according to the suggestions offered in this NebGuide.

G76-315 Establishing Black Walnut, Rick Hamilton, Neal E. Jennings

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication contains information on establishing a black walnut plantation.

Based on current market conditions, $20,000 to $30,000 worth of black walnut timber can be harvested from a managed acre within 50 years. The total cost of establishing an acre rarely exceeds $100, including site preparation, cost of seedlings, planting, and weed control. The decision to invest in a walnut plantation can be based on:

1. The rate of return on $100 per acre invested is 11.3 percent to 11.9 percent, yielding $20,000 to $30,000 within 50 years. The same investment at 6 percent interest would yield $1,842 at the …

Ec76-1741 Christmas Trees: A Management Guide, Donald E. Janssen, Neal E. Jennings

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

In America the decorated Christmas tree has become an accepted tradition. Christmas would seem barren to most people without it. Raising Christmas trees is a growing industry and has proven to be a profitable use of land if high-quality, salable trees are produced.

Planting, managing, and harvesting Christmas trees is a high labor, high risk endeavor. Here is a list of questions. If you can answer "yes" to every one, you will be a successful Christmas tree grower.

Are you willing to plant trees every April?

Are you willing to shear or prune every tree, every year (mid-June to mid-July) …

G76-271 When To Harvest Fruits And Vegetables (Revised July 1982), Don Steinegger, Luann Finke

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

To obtain a quality food product from your garden for fresh use or storage, you must harvest fruits and vegetables at their proper stage of development. Improper harvesting influences quality as well as continued productivity of the plant. This is a guide to harvesting some of the common fruits and vegetables grown in Nebraska.

Heg76-36 Sewing With Plaids (Revised January 1987), Rose Marie Tondl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains useful suggestions for sewing with plaids.

Plaids remain popular and have no season. They can create dramatic effects, be dainty, gay, subtle or forceful. Their coloring may be rich, subdued or bizarre, depending upon the spacing combination and intensity of colors. Whatever the desired effect, perfection in matching plaids can make an inexpensive dress look expensive.

Heg76-42 Wool And Wool Blends (Revised January 1985), Rose Marie Tondl

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information about buying and sewing wool and wool blends.

Wool is a unique fiber. It is a natural fiber made from the fleece of sheep. Wool fabrics are not all alike. They come in a variety of textures and weights. Wool can be sheer, thin, soft, thick, stiff or anything in between. Wool fabrics are constructed by weaving, knitting or felting.

G76-279 Processing Deer, Glenn W. Froning, P. S. Gipson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

It is important to process game properly to obtain maximum flavor and storage stability.

It is a pleasure to hunt game, but perhaps an even greater satisfaction comes from eating the meat. In order to have a flavorful experience, the game animal must be handled, processed and prepared properly. If the game is improperly processed or handled, one may lose much of the desirable flavor and storage stability.

G76-292 Home Fruit Spray Schedules (Revised May 1986), Frederick P. Baxendale, Don Steinegger, David Wysong

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Insects and diseases of home fruit plantings must be controlled to produce quality fruit. Home orchards must be sprayed several times during the growing season. Spraying only a few times will not produce acceptable results for most fruits.

This NebGuide discusses the types of sprays, sprayers, insecticides, insecticides and fungicides used to control insects.

G76-307 Bull Selection, Robert Taylor

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The primary functions of the bull in a beef management program are two-fold: (1) contribute to the production of live calves and (2) contribute to the genetic improvement of economically important traits.

This NebGuide discusses how to select bulls to improve your herd.

Ec76-219 Nebraska Swine Report, R. D. Fritschen, E. R. Peo Jr., Donald L. Ferguson, Murray Danielson, William Ahlschwede, Dwane R. Zimmerman, Bobby D. Moser, Keith E. Gilster, Norman R. Underdahl, Charles A. Mebus, Larry Bitney, A. J. Lewis, Oliver D. Grace

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1976 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G76-312 What Are Good Labor Relations?, Robert E. Perry

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Good labor relations is the factor most often identified as necessary for successful employment by farm employees. Farmers who employ hired labor also rate "good labor relations" as an important factor, though many rate good wages as more important

What are "good labor relations"? From answers received from employees, they appear to involve a mixture of human characteristics and open communications that build mutual respect and loyalty.

G75-208 Cost Estimation—Field Operations, Robert E. Perry

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Prices for farm machinery, repairs, and fuel and oil are constantly changing. This NebGuide provides farm operators and/or custom operators with a simplified method of estimating costs of owning and operating machinery that is based on current prices.

Heg75-12 Nebraska Master Mix, Harriet Kohn

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The Nebraska Master Mix can be used to make many dishes easily. The homemade mix offers the advantage, over bought mixes, of choosing your own combination of ingredients. For example, you may want to try the whole wheat version with margarine for a deliciously different mix. Simple meals and leftovers can be sparked up by adding a homemade hotbread or other food made from the Nebraska Master Mix.

The Nebraska Master Mix is lower in fat than some but gives very good results. Sugar has been reduced in some of the recipes, but other ingredients have been used to enhance …

G75-232 Cow-Calf Herd Health Program Basics, Dale Grotelueschen, Duane Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide suggests ideas and discusses some basic essentials of health management in beef cow operations.

Establishing a good cow-calf herd health program is a necessary step if profit is to be realized. Managing disease risk is an important aspect of a good health program design. Vaccinations help reduce the probability of disease but cannot solely be depended upon for prevention. Well-designed herd health programs address multiple areas of management in order to reduce likelihood of disease outbreaks. The objective of any beef herd health program should be to profitably produce calves having optimum weaning weights from a high percentage …

G75-269 Calf Scours: Causes, Prevention And Treatment, Don Hudson, R. Gene White

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Calf scours or calf diarrhea: understand how to recognize and treat this costly condition. Calf scours or calf diarrhea causes more financial loss to cow-calf producers than any other disease-related problem they encounter. Calf scours is not a disease--it is a clinical sign of a disease which can have many causes. In diarrheas, the intestine fails to absorb fluids and/or secretion into the intestine is increased.

G75-237 Boxelder Bugs (Revised June 1992), Frederick P. Baxendale, David L. Keith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the importance, life history and control of boxelder bugs.

Description

Boxelder bug adults are about 1/2 inch long. They are slate-gray with three red lines behind the head and red lines on the wings. The rear half of the wings have a reddish margin and the abdomen under the wings is also red. Nymphs (young bugs) are bright red with darker heads. They resemble adults, but their wings do not fully develop until they reach maturity.

G75-282 Emergency Wind Erosion Control (Revised March 1992), John A. Smith, Drew J. Lyon, Elbert C. Dickey, Philip Rickey

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide covers temporary techniques for emergency wind erosion control, when time and prior planning don't allow soil or seedlings adequate protection using more desirable methods. Soil erosion by wind is a serious threat to growing crops, our land resource, and the air we breathe. The best solution to soil erosion is long-term planning. Recommended practices include residue or crop cover, strip cropping, and windbreaks. These practices are known to substantially reduce wind erosion in even the most extreme conditions. However, conditions sometimes occur when serious soil erosion is imminent or has just begun, and corrective action is required to …

G75-242 Space Requirements For Swine (Revised July 1978), R. D. Fritschen, A.J. Muehling

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The amount of space required per pig was given little attention when pigs were reared on dirt lots or pasture. As confinement production developed, the amount of space needed per pig for optimal performance became an important planning-management considerations. Too few pigs per pen reduces the return on initial building investment. However, overcrowding may result in: tail biting or cannibalism, reduced gain, increase feed required per unit gain, gastric ulcers, and additive stress factors. This NebGuide discusses the space requirements needed to raise swine.