Curriculum and Instruction Commons^™

G86-806 Chinch Bug Management (Revised January 1993), Barbara P. Spike, Robert J. Wright, Stephen D. Danielson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The life cycle and control of the chinch bug is discussed, with descriptions of possible management options.

The chinch bug is a native North American insect that can destroy cultivated grass crops, especially sorghum and corn, and occasionally small grains, such as wheat and barley. Broad-leaved plants are immune to feeding damage. Crop damage from this insect is most often found in southeast Nebraska and northeast Kansas and is associated with dry weather, especially in the spring and early summer months. Chinch bugs have few effective natural enemies. Ladybird beetles and other common insect predators found in Nebraska prefer to …

G86-802 Banvel And 2,4-D Damge To Fieldbeans And Soybeans, Roger G. Wilson, Drew J. Lyon

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the effects of Banvel and 2,4-D on soybean and fieldbean growth and yield. Banvel and 2,4-D are two herbicides commonly used for postemergence control of broadleaf weeds in corn, wheat, sorghum, pastures, and around field margins. Both herbicides can be moved off target by windy conditions at the time of spraying, or they can volatilize after spraying at temperatures above 85°F and drift off target. Fieldbeans and soybeans are both sensitive to Banvel and 2,4-D, and even rates as low as 0.001 lb/acre (1/100th of the use rate) can cause visual crop injury. The degree of crop …

G86-815 Reproductive Problems In Rams, Alan R. Doster, Dale M. Grotelueschen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Systematic examination of all males to be used for breeding can prevent reproductive failure, minimize nonpregnant ewes, and increase numbers of lambs born early during lambing season.

The importance of using only highly fertile, healthy rams in breeding programs cannot be overemphasized. This is especially true in the case of small producers where only one ram is required. The ram represents an often neglected part of sheep production.

G86-821 Weaned Pig Management And Nutrition (Revised August 1992), Duane Reese, Mike Brumm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Temperature, space, health considerations, dietary nutrient allowances, feeding management and more are covered here. The weaning age of pigs farrowed in Nebraska is variable. While the average age at weaning is about four weeks, the range is from two to eight weeks. However, industry surveys indicate that more than 50 percent of the pigs in the United States are weaned at 28 days of age or earlier, with the majority weaned between three and four weeks of age. This trend towards earlier weaning is expected to continue with advances in management, housing, health and nutrition. Earlier weaning (under 28 days) …

Ec86-1862 Nebraska Commercial Turfgrass Disease Control Guide For Profession Turfgrass Managers, John E. Watkins, Robert C. Shearman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This extension circular contains four-color photos to help professional turfgrass managers identify the different turfgrass diseases in Nebraska. Tables are included that describe the disease, the common name of fungicides, trade names, and descriptions of how to control these diseases.

G86-822 How To Estimate A Dairy Herd's Reproductive Losses, Jeffrey F. Keown

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Remedies for herd losses caused by calving interval, dry periods, A.I. performance, and age at first freshening.

One of the major areas of lost income to the dairy producer is in the reproductive performance of the dairy herd. These losses are often overlooked because they are indirect costs. If producers could be given a monthly bill indicating the amount of money that improper reproductive management has cost them, then drastic changes would occur.

The majority of reproductive losses occur in the following areas:

1. Calving interval too long or too short.

2. Dry period too long or too short.

3. …

Heg86-209 Farm And Ranch Family Living Expenses--Taking Control, Kathleen Prochaska-Cue

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how families with an irregular income can control living expenses through use of a budget and cash flow plan.

Although farm and ranch family living levels have improved and become more comparable to nonfarm families, there will always be some important differences between these families with respect to managing the family living expenses. Income is irregular for many farm and ranch families and, in the past few years, has been insufficient to maintain the farm/ranch and family at a reasonable level of living. This guide is designed to help the farm or ranch family take control of …

G86-774 Western Corn Rootworom Soil Insecticide Treatment Decisions Based On Beetle Numbers, J. F. Witkowski, David L. Keith, Zb Mayo

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes how counting western corn rootworm beetles throughout the summer can be used to determine the need for insecticide applications the following spring.

Western corn rootworms are one of Nebraska's most serious insect pests of corn. Eggs laid in the soil from late July through September overwinter and begin hatching in late May or early June. Larvae feed on corn roots, causing plants to lodge, and may reduce grain yields. The greatest injury usually occurs from late June to mid-July, when all corn roots may be destroyed if infestations are heavy. Fully grown larvae pupate in the soil …

G86-789 Human Lice And Their Control, Shripat T. Kamble, David L. Keith, Wayne L. Kramer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide includes information on biology and control of three species of lice that infest humans.

Pediculosis (lice infestation) in humans has been known since ancient times. Three types of lice that infest humans: 1) head lice, 2) body lice, and 3) crab or pubic lice.

Lice are small, flat, dirty white to grayish black, wingless insects. Their legs are short and stout, with a large claw on each leg for grasping and holding onto hair. Lice have piercing and sucking mouth parts. These insects are blood feeders and require close contact with human hosts.

G86-792 Spiders, David L. Keith, Stephen D. Danielson, Timothy P. Miller

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes the most common species of spiders found in Nebraska, including the black widow and brown recluse, and how to control them.

General Description and Habits

Spiders can be distinguished easily from insects. All spiders have two major body regions and four pair of legs; insects have three body regions and three pair of legs. Spiders vary widely in color, shape, size, and habits. All produce venom that is poisonous to their normal prey. Few spiders are considered dangerous to humans, however. These animals are predacious by nature and use their venom, which is injected through hollow fangs …

G86-826 Irrigating Alfalfa (Revised October 1990), Delynn Hay

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Alfalfa has certain water use characteristics. Knowing these and how to monitor soil moisture, apply water, manage irrigation, and schedule water application will help you grow a high quality crop. Irrigation makes it possible to grow high quality alfalfa throughout Nebraska on a wide variety of soils. Alfalfa, relatively drought tolerant, will produce yields almost proportional to the amount of water available to the crop. This means that alfalfa will respond favorably to irrigation. Because of its longer growing season, the seasonal water requirement of alfalfa will be higher than for other crops. Irrigation management must consider characteristics such as …

G86-807 Where Do Weeds Come From?, John Furrer, Robert G. Wilson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses weed seed entry and loss from the soil, and provides examples of the density and diversity of the soil weed seed population. Weed Seed in the Soil Most weeds owe their beginning to seed in the soil. The soil acts as a seed storage reservoir and a growth medium for weedy plants. The kind or species and numbers of seed in the soil is closely linked to the cropping history of the land. Grasslands contain seed associated with grassland plants and cropland contains seed affiliated with weeds growing on cultivated land. Grasslands that have been cultivated and …

Ec86-107 Nebraska Proso Variety Tests, 1986, Lenis Alton Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This circular is a progress report of proso variety trials conducted by the Panhandle Research and Extension Center, High Plains Agricultural Laboratory, and Northwest Agricultural Laboratory. Conduct of experiments and publication of results is a joint effort of the Agricultural Research Division and the Cooperative Extension Service.

Ec86-1244 Vegetable Producction In Nebraska, Ralph E. Neild, Robert B. O'Keefe, David S. Nuland, Joseph O. Young

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Vegetable research at the University of Nebraska concerns studies of the culture, processing, mechanization of production and marketing of vegetable crops with the objective of increasing production, quality and use of crops and products process from them.

This circular presents a portion of results from investigations into the production, marketing and processing of vegetables in Nebraska. Information concerning climate, soil and water resources is presented and discussed. Also summarized are results from vegetable yield trials conducted at different locations in the state during the seven-year period 1960-66.

Ec86-1545 Common Forage Legume Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publication shows the following insects:

1. Alfalfa weevil adult, larvae
2. Clover leaf weevil larva
3. Sweetclover weevil
4. Variegated cutworm
5. Grasshopper
6. Green cloverworm
7. Potato leafhopper
8. Meadow spittlebug and nymphs
9. Spotted alfalfa aphid
10. Pea aphid

Ec86-1541 Corn Insects — Above Ground

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. It shows the following corn insects:

1. European corn borer (early leaf feeding and mature borers)

2. Southwestern corn borer

3. Common stalk borer

4. Chinch bug

5. Corn earworm

6. Armyworm

7. Corn rootworm beetles (lefet to right: Northern, Western, and Southern)

8. Grasshopper

9. Corn leaf aphid

10. Corn flea beetle and damage

Ec86-1539 Common Household Pests

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 4-color extension circular was prepared by Extension entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. This publications shows the following insects:

1. Oriential cockroach 2. American cockroach
3. German cockroach
4. Brown-banded cockroach
5. House fly
6. Black carpet beetle
7. Webbing clothes moth
8. Silverfish
9. Flea
10. Brown dog tick
11. Pavement ant
12. Subterranean termite
13. Powder-post beetle
14. Carpenter ant
15. Boxelder bug

Ex86-1549 Stinging And Biting Pests

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This one-page, four-color extension circular displays photos of the following stinging and biting pests: deer fly, brown recluse spider, American dog tick, mosquito, wheel bug, black widow spider, lo moth larva, yellow jacket, sweat bee, honey bee, and the saddleback caterpillar.

It was prepared by Extension Entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Ec86-1538 Principal Stored Grain Insects

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This one-page extension circular displays pictures of the following grain insects: Granary weevil, Saw-toothed grain beetle, Red flour beetle, Larger cabinet beetle, Lesser grain borer, Rice weevil, Indian-meal moth, Cadelle, Flat grain beetle, and Angoumois grain moth. Some of these stored grain insects are also kitchen pests.

This publication was prepared by Extension Entomologists of the North Central States in cooperation with the Federal Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture.

Ec86-1548 Common Insect Pests Of Trees In The Great Plains, Mary Ellen Dix, Judith E. Pasek, Mark O. Harrell, Frederick P. Baxendale

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication was developed by entomologists on the Pest Management Task Force of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Forestry Committee to provide the public and professionals with information needed to identify and manage common insect pests of trees in the Great Plains. It is designed for those with no formal training in entomology and is not intended to summarize everything known about a particular insect.

G86-794 Enterotoxemia In Lambs, Dale M. Grotelueschen, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the causes, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention methods of this potentially fatal disease.

Enterotoxemia, which is also known as "overeating" or "pulpy kidney" disease, is a highly significant and costly disease problem for the sheep industry. Proper preventive practices are strongly recommended to sheep producers in order to avoid death loss from this disease.

The word "enterotoxemia" can be broken down into three parts that can be an aid in understanding the disease. The term "entero" refers to intestine; "tox" refers to toxin or poison; and "emia" refers to blood. Thus, from "intestinal toxin in the …

G86-795 Antibiotic Use In Animals, Duane N. Rice, E. Denis Erickson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide provides general guidelines about some of the problems that can occur when using antibiotics in treating animals.

Antibiotics are frequently used, and misused, by animal owners in an attempt to remedy disease problems. This use is encouraged by drug company sales efforts, economic pressures, and easy access to the products.

Improper use of antibiotics is costly, detrimental, and may result in: 1) delayed diagnosis; 2) ineffectiveness; 3) toxicity (poisoning); 4) allergic reactions; and 5) drug residue contamination of food animal products.

After evaluating possible benefits and risks, determining whether or not to use antibiotics for treatment depends on …

Ec86-219 1986 Nebraska Swine Report, Rodger K. Johnson, Dwane R. Zimmerman, M. C. Brumm, David P. Shelton, Keith L. Vacha, J. A. Deshazer, Gerald Bodman, James W. Lamkey, Roger W. Mandigo, Chris R. Calkins, Larry W. Hand, Steven J. Goll, E. R. Peo Jr., Roy Carlson, Austin J. Lewis, Fayrene Hamouz, Lee I. Chiba, Joy L. Kovar, Joel H. Brendemuhl, Alex Hogg, William G. Kvasnicka, Clayton L. Kelling, Duane E. Reese, William Ahlschwede, J. D. Kopf

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This 1986 Nebraska Swine Report was prepared by the staff in Animal Science and cooperating departments for use in the Extension and Teaching programs at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Authors from the following areas contributed to this publication: Swine Nutrition, swine diseases, pathology, economics, engineering, swine breeding, meats, agronomy, and diagnostic laboratory. It covers the following areas: breeding, disease control, feeding, nutrition, economics, housing and meats.

G86-825 Existing Buildings--Remodel Or Abandon?, Gerald R. Bodman, David P. Shelton

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Just because a building is there does not mean that remodeling is the best option. Here are ten factors of prime importance when deciding if a building is suitable for remodeling.

As livestock production enterprises change, many producers ask, "Should I remodel this building or abandon it and start over?" A sound answer requires careful evaluation of the intended use of the building being considered for remodeling. The immediate future and projected long range production goals must be considered. We've all read about successful remodeling projects, but few of us ever hear about the large number of remodeling projects that …

G86-772 Using Options To Follow A Rising Market, Lynn H. Lutgen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is number five in a series of six NebGuides on Agricultural Options. It discusses how to use the options market effectively to protect us from our own emotions.

An interesting aspect of marketing is psychological. Many people make a mental decision to market grain when a specific price is reached. However, when the market begins to trend upward and hits that imaginary price level, the farmer previously facing low prices is 1) optimistic for even higher prices, and 2) wants to obtain the highest possible price to offset losses incurred during low prices. What generally happens is 1) no …

G86-771 Evaluating Options Vs. Futures Contracts, Lynn H. Lutgen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This is number four in a series of six NebGuides on agricultural options. It explains how to evaluate options vs futures contracts.

Options and futures contracts are similar. Both represent actions that occur in the future. Futures markets are contracts to either accept or deliver the actual physical commodity, while an option contract is a contract on the underlying futures contract. Options contracts give the farmer the right, but not the obligation, to buy or sell an underlying commodity. This underlying commodity is a futures contract. Due to these similarities and the fact that options are based on a futures …

G86-796 Growing Degree Day Requirements And Freeze Risk As A Guide To Selecting And Planting Corn Hybrids, Ralph E. Neild

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses the growing degree day requirements for Nebraska's four corn-growing regions, and how using these requirements can aid in planting date decisions.

Variations between locations, between seasons at a particular location, between planting times at a particular location and season, and between the requirements of different hybrids result in differences in the number of days it takes for corn to mature. These variations in days are all closely related to differences in temperatures when the corn is being grown.

G86-782 Distribution Of Crop Residue A Requirement For Conservation Tillage, John A. Smith

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide describes problems associated with inadequate distribution of crop residue behind the combine, and identifies techniques to obtain proper distribution.

Uniform distribution of crop residue during harvest is essential to the successful use of conservation tillage systems. Crop residue on the soil surface reduces soil erosion and conserves soil moisture. However, the residue must be properly managed to achieve these benefits. Uniform distribution behind the combine is an important part of this management. Large capacity combines equipped with 24- to 30-foot grain platforms and 8- to 12-row corn headers complicate residue distribution. When crop material is collected from a …

G86-803 Assessing Hail Damage To Corn, J.J. Vorst

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication examines how hail damages the corn plant, how the degree of damage can be determined and how the extent of yield loss is estimated.

In the U.S., approximately half of all hailstorms occur between March and May. These early storms are responsible for only minor corn yield losses, however, because the corn either has not yet been planted or is too small to be damaged significantly. Even when fields are severely damaged early in the growing season, they can often be replanted.

On the other hand, about a third of all hailstorms occur between June and September. These …

G86-811 High Quality Seed Wheat, Lenis Alton Nelson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses high quality winter wheat, the options farmers have in obtaining high quality seed, seed size, year-old seed, seed treatment, and replanting the same seed year after year. Winter wheat uniquely allows the least time between the harvest of one crop and the planting of the next of any annual crop. This short time period may necessitate making a hurried decision about the seed to be planted. In the end, the farmer must be responsible for planting good, high quality seed. The phrase "high quality seed wheat" means different things to different people. High quality wheat seed is …