Curriculum and Instruction Commons^™

G77-330 Estimating Pork Carcass Lean (Revised June 1994), Dennis E. Burson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Four procedures for pork carcass evaluation are given here, along with illustrations.

Pork carcass value is an important factor affecting the profitability of the pork industry. Reproduction traits and growth performance are easily recognized as keys to the profitability and health of the pork industry, yet carcass value also plays an important role. Differences in carcass product value are monetarily recognized by recognizing differences in carcass weight and grade. In addition, the pork industry recognizes that consumption of pork may key on public health concerns relating to reducing fat consumption and the resulting consumer demand for lower fat products.

G77-331 Sampling Feeds For Analyses, Bruce Anderson, Terry L. Mader, Rick Grant

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Sampling is the key to accurate feed analyses and properly balancing livestock rations. Here's how to do it.

Accurate feed analyses are needed to balance livestock rations, correctly price hay, formulate least cost supplements, and efficiently allocate homegrown feeds to the proper class of livestock. Sampling is the most important factor affecting accuracy of feed analyses.

The feed value of most forages varies. Therefore, test forages routinely to determine their best and most economical use. With adequate forage testing, you can develop an accurate forage inventory which allows you to efficiently allocate higher quality forage to high-producing livestock and poorer …

G77-334 Timber Sale Contracts, Rick Hamilton

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

A good contract protects both seller and buyer from legal problems arising from the harvest and sale of standing timber.

A timber sale contract is a legally binding written document governing the terms of a timber sale. A good contract protects both seller and buyer from legal problems arising from the harvest and sale of standing timber.

Timber has historically been sold under gentlemen's agreements. These verbal agreements have caused seller and buyer dissatisfaction and loss of trust. A contract clarifies the obligations of both parties prior to timber harvest.

G77-326 Clostridial Diseases Of Cattle (Revised September 1981), W.B. Wren, Duane N. Rice

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The Clostridial diseases are a group of frequently fatal infections caused by bacteria belonging to the group called Clostridia. These organisms have the ability to form protective shell-like forms called spores when exposed to adverse conditions. This allows them to remain potentially infective in soils for long periods of time, presenting a significant danger to the livestock population. Many of the organisms in this group are also normally present in the intestines of man and animals.

This NebGuide discusses the different clostridial diseases found in cattle.

G77-371 Nebraska Livestock Market Outlets, Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

These are 629 outlets in Nebraska where one or more species of livestock may be sold. This does not include special sales by breed associations and livestock shows.

This NebGuides discusses the major types of livestock market outlets which are: terminal markets, local markets, auctions, dealers and/or order buyers and slaughter plants.

G77-367 Cost Components Of The Farm-Retail Price Spread For Beef, Allen Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The farm-retail spread for beef is the difference between the retail price of 1 pound of Choice beef and the farm value of live Choice steer, less the value of the by-products (hide, tallow, etc.).

This NebGuide discusses the trends, costs and profits, problems of price spreads.

G77-353 Garden Chrysanthemums, Dale T. Lindgren

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Site selection, soil preparation, planting and care of chrysanthemums are covered here.

Chrysanthemums (mums) are one of the most popular plants for late summer and fall flower gardens in Nebraska. Flower colors include white, yellow, orange, bronze, red, purple and pink. Mums can be classified by several methods, according to flower form and size and plant growth characteristics.

G77-336 Coccidiosis Of Cattle, Donald L. Ferguson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide contains information on the identification, treatment, and prevention of coccidiosis in cattle.

Coccidiosis continues to be one of the major disease problems for cattle producers. It is caused by microscopic, one-celled parasites, chiefly of the genus Eimeria. Twenty-one species of Eimeria have been reported in cattle. Only two, Eimeria bovis and Eimeria zuernii, are regularly associated with clinical infections in the field.

G77-342 Sowbugs And Pillbugs, Arthur F. Hagen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication covers the identification, life history, and control of sowbugs and pillbugs.

Homeowners working around shrubs, in the garden, or along the foundation of the house, frequently find little grayish colored bugs. They often describe them as looking like "little armadillos." What they are finding are sowbugs or pillbugs or both. These creatures are not insects, but belong to the same class of animals as crabs and shrimp.

G77-338 Open Burning (Revised March 1984), Donald E. Westover

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

People have been using fire in their cleanup chores for hundreds of years. One of the most common reasons for burning on the farm and in the city alike, has been to dispose of leaves and garden residues in the spring and fall of the year. Another common practice has been to burn tree limbs and stumps, fence posts, even old haystacks on the farm. Open burning has been done on a variety of scales, from jobs as small as burning the day's trash in the backyard burning barrel to jobs as large as burning wheat stubble after harvest.

G77-380 Growing Conifers From Seed, Constance A. Harrington

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This NebGuide discusses how to grow conifers from seed, including technical terms, collecting and storing seed, and planting and care of the trees.

Growing your own conifer trees from seed is fun and gives you the satisfaction of doing it yourself. The pioneers had to be self-reliant. Many of the old trees in Nebraska were started from seeds the pioneers brought with them or ordered from nurseries in the east or Europe. We are fortunate in having nurseries available to supply a wide variety of planting stock. However, many people are still interested in growing their own seedlings. You may …

G77-383 Marketing Your Timber, Mark Shasby, Neal E. Jennings

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Marketing is the key to getting the most from your timber.

Buying and selling trees is a business transaction. Marketing is the key to getting the most for your timber. Anyone can sell something if they are not concerned about the price received. When you market something, you are selling in a competitive market for the best possible price.

A satisfactory sale occurs when the needs of both buyer and seller are met. The buyer must acquire material at current market prices in order to stay in business and still remain competitive. The timber owner should be paid the fair …

G77-337 Propagating House Plants, Dale T. Lindgren, Don Steinegger

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Propagating house plants in the home is an inexpensive and enjoyable hobby. The home is not always the ideal place, but most house plants can be propagated there satisfactorily with a minimum of special equipment.

Methods of Propagation

House plants may be propagated asexually, in which all new plants will be identical, in most cases, to the parent plant, or sexually, where the new plants will not necessarily be identical to the parent plants. Plants are propagated sexually by seeds. Cuttings, air-layering, division and runners are asexual methods of propagation.

G77-358 Artesian (Confinsed) Aquifers And Effect Of Pumping, Darryll T. Pederson, Deon D. Axthelm

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells.

Nebraskans are concerned about declining water levels in some domestic and stock wells. Drought and irrigation well development have been major factors. Water level declines have been especially pronounced during the pumping season in places where the aquifer is artesian or confined (a confined aquifer is also referred to as an artesian aquifer). Many domestic and livestock pumps may have to be set deeper in order to yield water. In nearly all cases water levels recover rapidly when the pumping season ends. Large water-level fluctuations are normal …

G77-386 Wheat In Poultry Rations, T.W. Sullivan, E.W. Gleaves

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

This publication examines the advantages and disadvantages of wheat as a component of poultry feed.

Wheat is usually considered a source of human food rather than an ingredient for poultry and livestock feeds. This is especially true in the United States, where corn, milo and other feed grains are abundantly produced. In recent years one of every two bushels of wheat produced in the United States has been exported. If world production and supplies of wheat are high, a surplus develops and wheat prices are lowered. When this situation occurs wheat becomes an attractive alternative to corn or milo in …

G77-357 Selecting Alfalfa Varieties For Nebraska (Revised December 1997), Bruce Anderson, Michael Trammell, Patrick E. Reece

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Yield potential, pest resistance and seed price all should be considered in selecting alfalfa varieties in Nebraska. This NebGuide discusses them.

The most important variety decision made on many farms and ranches is the selection of alfalfa. The choice of alfalfa variety affects production for three to 10 or more years, whereas varieties of annual crops can be changed every year.

Many alfalfa varieties are available from private and public plant breeders. Over the years, yield trials conducted at widely distributed Nebraska locations have tested most varieties sold in the state.

G77-382 Right Crop Stage For Herbicide Use Corn, Sorghum, Small Grains (Revised May 1992), Drew J. Lyon, Robert G. Wilson Jr., Alex Martin

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Herbicides recommended for postemergence application in corn, sorghum, and small grains are discussed in this NebGuide. Proper timing of postemergence herbicides is essential to achieve maximum weed control and minimum crop injury. As field crops grow and mature, their tolerance to herbicides changes. As a general rule, annual and biennial weeds are more susceptible to postemergence herbicides when they are in the seedling stage. As they mature they become increasingly difficult to control, facing the grower with the problem of when to apply the herbicide to achieve the least crop injury and the most satisfactory weed control. Field crops differ …

G77-340 Scheduling Irrigation By Electrical Resistance Blocks, Paul E. Fischbach

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Delay of irrigation for a few days during a critical part of the growing season can be expensive. A week's delay in supplying irrigation water to corn or grain sorghum can reduce potential yield more than 30 bushels per acre.

Several methods are available to help you schedule the right amount of water at the right time. One of these methods uses electrical resistance blocks discussed in this NebGuide.

G77-327 Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema, James H. Bailey

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The disease, Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema, has been recognized for many years and under many different names including "Pulmonary Adenomatosis," "Panters," "Lungers," "Bovine Asthma," "Fog Fever," and "Atypical Interstitial Pneumonia." It is characterized by sudden onset of acute respiratory distress with the affected animals producing an audible grunting noise when they exhale.

The cause, occurrence, clinical findings, treatment, prevention and control are covered in this NebGuide.

G77-360 Balancing Corn Silage Dairy Rations, Foster G. Owen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The grain required to balance a ration high in corn silage is much different from the grain needed when feeding high amounts of alfalfa hay. The most common problem is failure to properly balance for protein and calcium. This NebGuide discusses the points to take into account in balancing rations high in corn silage.

G77-357 Selecting Alfalfa Varieties For Nebraska (Revised December 1994), Bruce Anderson, David Holshouser, Patrick E. Reece, Michael Trammell

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

The most important variety decision made on many farms and ranches is the selection of alfalfa varieties. The choice of alfalfa variety affects production for three to 10 or more years.

Yield potential, pest resistance and seed price all should be considered in selecting alfalfa varieties in Nebraska. This NebGuide discusses them.

G77-346 Land Use Decisions, Duane A. Olsen

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

New challenges associated with scarce energy and the natural environment have focused attention upon the conflict between public and private interests in land. A review of the characteristics of these public and private interests seems useful for the evaluation of present and future land use policies.

G77-381 Suggestions For Making Family Farm And Ranch Operating Agreements Work, Philip A. Henderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Both parents and young people are interested in ways to help the younger generation get started in farming. The kinds of arrangements being used are many. No two are exactly alike. Families have different objectives; different resources are involved, and the relative contributions which involved parties make are unique to each family situation.

There are certain principles, however, that need to be recognized in every family farm or ranch operating agreement and they are discussed here in this NebGuide.

G77-378 Odor Controls As Affected By Nuisance Laws, John M. Sweeten, Donald R. Levi

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Confined feeding operations are subject to both public and private air pollution regulation. Public regulation is focused primarily on preventing measurable levels of emissions to the atmosphere. On the other hand, subjective human tolerance levels serve as the basis for private regulation of the environment. The impact of public and private regulatory schemes on feedlots will be reviewed in this NebGuide.

Ec77-865 Have It Your Way By Making A Will, John R. Uhrich, J. David Aiken, Philip A. Henderson

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Making a will is not the sad and gloomy picture painted by some people. Quite the contrary! A person who makes a will is creating his or her own blueprint for the future. A will, like life insurance, social security, or retirement plans, provides security and peace of mind. The person who has a will made can rest assured that property and loved ones will be taken care of precisely in the manner he or she desires. This publication presents basic information about wills, one of the most important documents a person can make or possess. This information can be …

G77-364 Mycoplasmal Pneumonia And Other Mycoplasmal Diseases Of Swine, Alex Hogg, William P. Switzer, Daniel O. Farrington

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Swine producers are often confused by the complexity of the mycoplasmal infections; this fact sheet is an attempt to clarify the information that is currently available about these swine diseases.

Swine producers are often confused by the complexity of the mycoplasmal infections. This fact sheet is an attempt to clarify the information that is currently available about these swine diseases. There are three recognized Mycoplasma spp. of bacteria that cause disease in pigs--Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyorhinis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae.

G77-372 Water Requirements For Beef Cattle, Paul Q. Guyer

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Water requirements of cattle are influenced by a number of physiological and environmental conditions. These include such things as the rate and composition of gain, pregnancy, lactation, physical activity, type of ration, salt and dry matter intake, and environmental temperature.

The minimum requirement of cattle for water is a reflection of that needed for body growth, for fetal growth or lactation, and of that lost by excretion in the urine, feces, or sweat or by evaporation from the lungs or skin. Anything influencing these needs or losses will influence the minimum requirement.

G77-374 Seasonal Prices For Meat Animals, Allen C. Wellman

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Seasonal variations in livestock prices seem to follow a similar pattern from year to year. For some classes of livestock, these seasonal swings in prices have been quite consistent for a number of years; while others have changed considerably over time.

Seasonal price fluctuations result mostly from seasonal supply changes or variations in marketings. For any given year a cyclical change in price may override the season pattern. Seasonal price changes during the 1972-76 period also were influenced by a price freeze, as well as changes in supply and demand.

Seasonal price changes are important factors to consider in planning …

G77-361 Using Starter Fertilizers For Corn, Grain Sorghum, And Soybeans, Edwin J. Penas, Gary W. Hergert

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Starter fertilizer may increase early growth of corn and grain sorghum. Grain yield increases from starter nutrients are most likely on low phosphorus soils and some sandy soils.

Proper use of a starter fertilizer is an important management tool for crop producers striving for top yields. While the use of a starter fertilizer can be important for crop production on many soils, it is more important for corn production on irrigated sandy soils than on fine textured soils.

G76-324 Limiting Feed Intake With Salt, T.D. Rich, Steve Armbruster, D.R. Gill

University of Nebraska-Lincoln Extension: Historical Materials

Cattlemen are aware of the impact high cost labor has on profit; thus, management procedures which reduce labor requirements are important. One management tool frequently used is regulating feed intake with salt.

In addition, self-feeding supplements tend to allow timid, slow-eating cows to get their share and it is an easy method of providing Vitamin A, phosphorus and other feed additives. However, there are disadvantages to feeding salt-concentrate mixes. Salt is not a precise regulator of intake since certain individuals will tolerate more salt than others and abundant water is essential.

Daily salt requirement for mature cattle is less than …