Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education Commons^™

Tathwīr Mu‘Jam Raqmī Li Al-Muṣṭalaḥāt Al-Adabiyyah Bi-Manhaj Al-Lisāniyyāt Al-Mu‘Tamidah ‘Alā Al-Mudawwanah, Ahmad Syaifudin, Moh. Ainin, Moh. Khasairi

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

يميل الطلبة إلى ضعف إتقان المصطلحات العلمية باللغة العربية، مما يؤثر سلبًا على أنشطتهم الأكاديمية. وتعود هذه الصعوبة إلى عدم الألفة مع المصطلحات، وضيق الوقت، وعدم كفاية المعاجم العامة في تقديم الترجمات الدقيقة. أظهرت نتائج تحليل الاحتياجات لدى الطلبة أنهم بحاجة إلى معجم خاص بمصطلحات الأدب العربي. تم تطوير منتج يُعالج هذه المشكلات ويتماشى مع تفضيلات الفئة المستخدمين. يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف: (1) عملية تطوير معجم رقمي عربي-إندونيسيس لمصطلحات الأدب العربي بمنهج اللسانيات معتمد على المدونة اللغوية ، و(2) تقييم صلاحية المنتج. اعتمد البحث على نموذج ADDIE في التطوير، حيث تم دمج خطوات إعداد المعجم مع منهجية النموذج في …

Namūdzaj At-Taqyīm Al-Hajīn Li-Ta‘Līm Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah Fī Al-Ma’Āhid Al-Islāmiyyah: Damj At-Tal‘Īb Fī Wordwall Ma‘A At-Ta‘Allum Al-Qā’Im ‘Alā Al-Musykilāt, Achmad Farouq Abdullah, Ahmad Kali Akbar, Luthfi Muhyiddin

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

This study aims to develop a Hybrid Evaluation Model for Arabic language learning in Islamic boarding schools by integrating Wordwall gamification with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach. The innovation responds to the growing need for an evaluation system that not only measures learning outcomes but also promotes reflective, collaborative, and engaging learning experiences among students. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE framework—comprising Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation—the study involved expert validation, classroom observation, and field trials. The results of expert validation indicated a high level of feasibility, with media and content scores of 86.9% and …

Tamtsīlāt Muqāwamah An-Nisā’ Fī Riwayah Al-Mar’Ah Fī Nuqtat As-Sifr Lil-Kātibah Nawāl Sa‘Dāwī Wa-Fīlm Muntasaf Al-Layl Fī Qasr Bīrā (Musalsal Netflix): Dirāsah Adabiyyah Muqāranah, Rofiqoh Rofiqoh, Ida Nursida, Ahmad Habibi Syahid

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

تسلط هذه الدراسة الضوء على أشكال مقاومة النساء للنظام الأبوي كما تنعكس رواية "المرأة في نقطة الصفر" لنوال سعداوي ومسلسل "منتصف الليل في قصر بيرا" لإيمري شاهين. باستخدام أساليب وصفية نوعية ونهج أدبي مقارن أمريكي مقترن بنظرية نسوية راديكالية، تبحث هذه الدراسة في كيفية تأثير السياقات الاجتماعية والثقافية في مصر وتركيا على طرق مقاومة الشخصيات النسائية للقمع القائم على النوع الاجتماعي. تظهر نتائج الدراسة أن فردوس تناضل من أجل حريتها من خلال الوعي الذاتي والسيطرة على جسدها ورفض الأعراف الاجتماعية التقييدية، بينما تقدم إسرا شكلاً حديثاً من أشكال المقاومة من خلال الذكاء والتصميم والشجاعة للتعبير عن رأيها في الأماكن العامة. …

Trends In Teaching Arabic Grammar: Strategy, Programme, Method, Model And Style According To Saad Ali Zayer And Samaa Turki, Wildatul Muyasiroh, Nasiruddin Nasiruddin, Mumammad Ziad Al-Fain

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

Nowadays, there are many terms used in the world of teaching. These terms are strategy, method, program, method, curriculum, etc. From these terms, many teachers use various kinds of them to realize learning objectives. However, in reality, some people do not know the differences and similarities between these terms. So this research aims to determine the meaning of strategies, programs, methods, models and styles in teaching and trends in teaching Arabic grammar from the perspective of Saad Ali Zayer and Samaa Turkey. This type of research is a library research. The method used in this research is a descriptive method …

Optimizing The Arabic Language Program In Organizational Management At Ma'had Al Jami'ah Pare-Pare, Miftahul Khaerah, Fairuzah A, Zakiyah Arifa, Qushayyi Akbar Editia

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

The absence of organization in an educational institution, whether formal or non-formal, can result in deficiencies in planning capacity. Therefore, organization is an important thing that needs to be implemented before implementing a program. This research aims to determine the management of organizing the Arabic language program at Ma'had Al-jami'ah Pare-pare. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method by collecting data through interviews with one of the tutors and the head of the program, as well as documentation in the form of administrative data such as organizational structure charts, books, and transcripts of interview results. The data analysis …

Development Of Reading Skill Material Using Book Creator For Eighth-Grade Students At Ma'had Al-Harby Batusangkar, Partomuan Harahap, Muhammad Yusuf Salam, Maratul Husna

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

تتمثل مشكلة البحث في ضعف إتقان التلاميذ لمهارة القراءة بسبب غياب الوسائل التعليمية التفاعلية، واعتماد المدرّسين على الأساليب التقليدية كالمناقشة والسؤال والجواب. وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى: (١) معرفة الحاجة إلى تطوير مادة مهارة القراءة باستخدام منشئ الكتاب Book Creator، (٢) تقييم صلاحية المادة المطوّرة، و(٣) قياس مدى عمليتها في الصف الثامن.اعتمدت الباحثة منهج البحث والتطوير (R&D) وفق نموذج 4D الذي يشمل: التحديد، التصميم، والتطوير. تم جمع البيانات باستخدام استمارات للتحقق من الصلاحية والعملية، وحُلِّلت كمياً بمعامل "أيكِن V"، ونوعياً بالتحليل الوصفي الكمي.أظهرت النتائج أن المادة المطوّرة باستخدام Book Creator حققت مستوى صلاحية عالياً، حيث بلغت النسبة المئوية العامة ٩٢.٥%، كما …

Promoting The Well-Being Of Refugee Students Through A Kawa-Guided Occupational Therapy Intervention: A Mixed-Methods Study, Suzanne Brederson, Heidi Baist, Jennifer E. Lape

The Open Journal of Occupational Therapy

Background: Refugee students newly enrolled in U.S. schools encounter academic, socialization, and mental health challenges because of trauma, language barriers, and cultural differences. Many have had limited or interrupted access to formal education in their home country. This study aimed to gain the perspectives of refugee students on their lived experiences and explore the impact of an occupational therapy intervention guided by the Kawa model on the well-being of this student population.

Methods: The researchers employed a convergent mixed-methods design. Refugee students (n = 8) created Kawa models, which provided rich, qualitative data. Participants completed pre and posttest surveys. Quantitative …

Voices Unheard: Multilingual Students Reshaping Rural Stem Education, Erin Brooke Elliott-Elrod

College of Education

The multilingual student population in the United States averages 10.6% nationally. Growth has been most pronounced in the rural Southeast, where schools face demographic shifts with limited linguistic support. At one rural Deep South school named Ridgeway High School (a pseudonym), multilingual student enrollment grew from approximately 5% in 1998 to over 50% by 2024 (A. Harrison, personal communication, January 24, 2026). Yet, not one EL-designated student achieved proficiency in English Language Arts, and school-wide math proficiency stands at 9.15% (Alabama State Department of Education (ALSDE), 2024). STEM disciplines compound these barriers, as access to content and discipline-specific discourse depend …

L’Insécurité Linguistique Selon La Perspective Des Élèves D’Immersion Française En Saskatchewan, Olushola Adedeji, Michael Akinpelu

Tête à Tête: Journal of Francophone Studies

Cet article examine l’insécurité linguistique (IL) chez des élèves d’immersion française (IF) en Saskatchewan en s’appuyant sur la sociolinguistique pour le changement. À partir d’un devis mixte (un questionnaire à large échelle auprès d’élèves de 7e–12e année et des groupes de discussion focalisés avec des élèves de 11e–12e année), l’étude décrit les différentes manifestations de l’IL, ses causes et ses effets sur les élèves tout en recensant des stratégies d’adaptation. Les résultats de l’étude montrent que l’IL est moins liée à une compétence linguistique objective qu’à des conditions sociales et pédagogiques modifiables. Des recommandations concrètes sont proposées, notamment la légitimation …

Does Gender Spell Success? Exploring Female Students' Perspectives Of Faculty At A Higher Educational Institution, Chitora Jackson, Terrence Hicks, Jill Channing, Arnold Nyarambi

Journal of Research Initiatives

Numerous studies have pointed to connections and positive interactions with faculty that result in positive outcomes for students (Beckowski & Gebauer, 2018; Jones, 2020; Trolian et al., 2021). However, despite this knowledge, there are still some areas related to this topic that remain under-researched. The purpose of this qualitative interpretative phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of female students at a higher educational institution and to understand how those experiences shape their perspectives of female and male faculty. Additionally, this study sought to discover how faculty gender influences their interactions with students and the similarities and differences between …

Confidence Intervals As A Quantcrit Method: Reframing Longitudinal Educational Data Through Estimation, Uncertainty, And Within-Group Analysis, Jamaal Young, Jemimah Young, Kristian Edosomwan

Journal of Research Initiatives

Quantitative Critical Race Theory (QuantCrit) calls researchers to reconsider not only what quantitative analyses report, but also how analytic choices reproduce or disrupt racialized ways of knowing. This methods-focused article develops confidence interval analysis as a practical statistical strategy within a QuantCrit methodological framework. Confidence intervals are not inherently critical or anti-racist. Their value for QuantCrit emerges from how researchers use estimation, uncertainty, comparison, visualization, and interpretation. We demonstrate this approach with National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Long-Term Trend mathematics data for Black students ages 9, 13, and 17 from 1978 to 2012. Rather than treating White performance as …

Digital Learning And Digital Literacy: Conceptual Distinctions, Theoretical Frameworks, And Educational Implications Across The Educational Continuum, Simone Elias, Linda Wilson-Jones, Richard Brutti

Journal of Research Initiatives

The terms digital learning and digital literacy recur frequently in educational policy and institutional discourse. Yet peer-reviewed scholarship shows they are conceptually distinct constructs operating at fundamentally different levels of analysis. This article examines the theoretical foundations, definitional genealogies, empirical interdependencies, and grade-band and postsecondary manifestations of both constructs across the full educational continuum, from kindergarten through Grade 12 and into undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral education. Drawing on literature across leading educational technology journals, the article argues that digital learning constitutes a pedagogical modality, the structured, technology-mediated environment through which instruction is delivered.

In contrast, digital literacy is a multidimensional …

The Cognitive Construction Of Sustainable Environmental Awareness Through Green Language Pedagogy In Second Language Acquisition, Meral Yavuz Kartal, Osman Yılmaz Kartal

Journal of Environmental Science and Sustainable Development

The escalating global ecological crisis highlights the need for new approaches to sustainability education, while the cognitive role of Second Language Acquisition (SLA) remains underexplored. This study employs a critical literature review with a systematic search and qualitative thematic synthesis to develop a proposed Green Language Pedagogy (GLP) model. The review followed a four-stage screening protocol (identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion) and analyzed 50 theoretical and empirical sources published between 2014 and 2025. This analysis of the selected literature reveals a stark disparity: an estimated 85% of the reviewed environmental education research focuses on factual knowledge transfer, whereas only 15% …

“Whenever You Are Using Media, You Should Always Have A Purpose”: A Study Of Chinese Immigrant Mothers’ Media Practices, Xiaoning Gui, Daniel G. Krutka

Journal of Media Literacy Education Pre-Prints

This qualitative study explores how eleven Mandarin-speaking Chinese immigrant mothers of young children in a southwestern U.S. city navigate and mediate media in their households. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Findings show mothers balance media’s educational affordances with concerns about health and age-appropriate content, employing gatekeeping, time limits, and purposeful sharing. Mothers described children as learners, co-learners, and cultural connectors, sometimes reversing mediation by teaching mothers about U.S. media norms. Interpreted through a lens of Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy while also drawing on Confucian concepts, results underscore the need for early childhood educators to honor immigrant families’ practices while fostering …

A Framework For Teaching Maya Aspect System: Pedagogical Strategies For Maya Grammar, Quetzil E. Castañeda

Journal of Maya Heritage

Abstract. Maya, an Indigenous language spoken primarily in Mexico’s Yucatán Peninsula, remains under-resourced in materials for second-language and heritage-language learners. Its agglutinative morphology, split ergativity, and aspect system pose particular pedagogical challenges, especially when Maya grammar is explained through Spanish or English tense categories. Based on a critical review of existing teaching resources and the author’s more than twenty years of experience teaching Maya, this article proposes a pedagogical framework for understanding its aspect grammar. Rather than organizing verbal morphology around tense, the framework distinguishes four principal conjugational forms: Ongoing Incomplete, Simple Past, Completed Present, and Subjunctive. It also introduces …

Low-Income, Minority-Serving Public Schools In Southern California Have Disproportionately High Surface Temperatures, Joaquin Murillo, Gabriella R. Dauber, Joshua B. Fisher, Gregory R. Goldsmith

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Extensive evidence demonstrates that people from minority backgrounds often face unequal exposure to extreme heat and have less access to green space that can provide cooling relief. What is less clear is whether these inequities extend to students on school playgrounds, where high temperatures can affect physical health, social and emotional well-being, and learning. We paired high resolution, satellite remote sensing surface temperature data for all 615 of the public schools in Orange County, California (serving ca. 450,000 students) with data on neighborhood household income, race/ethnicity of school enrollment, distance from the coast, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index as a …

Free Ebook! Research And Reflections On Southeast Asian American Education And Advancement, Wayne E. Wright

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

Free eBook available:

• Purdue University Press (PDF and EPUB formats)
• Amazon (Kindle version)

Co-edited by our JSAAEA Editorial Team, this book is in commemoration of the 20^th Anniversary of the Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement (JSAAEA) and the 50^th Anniversary of Southeast Asian refugee resettlement in the United States. A paperback version is also available.

This special collection celebrates the contributions of scholars whose works focus on Southeast Asian American (SEAA) issues and highlights empirical research, book reviews, and creative works from SEAA scholars and community leaders whose voices have been prominent in the journal …

Broadening The Community Of Nudibranch Enthusiasts Through Multilingual Educational Programming To Increase Climate Advocacy Engagement, Richelle Li Tanner, Cintya Felix Mendivil, Ashley Lam, Lorena Muñoz, Micah Kim, Elena G. Morales Poot, Gabrielle Keeler-May

Biology, Chemistry, and Environmental Sciences Faculty Articles and Research

Environmental literacy and advocacy for environmental protections are essential components of responsible stewardship. For coastal communities, stewardship requires knowledge of ocean processes and the biological communities living within these ecosystems. While many studies highlight difficulties in engaging American audiences in environmental concern and stewardship due to hyper-individualistic societal values, tidepooling is one recreational pathway to coastal community engagement that strengthens sense of place, and therefore, responsibility to protect natural resources. We sought to broaden the tidepooling community to include more diverse voices through a participatory science program with inland city-dwelling, multilingual, and non-English speaking adults. Using nudibranchs as an environmental …

The Lessons I Never Took, Nadia Luong

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

“The Lessons I Never Took” is a lyric poem rooted in the author’s experience growing up as a first-generation Cambodian American child in an immigrant family. The poem examines how socioeconomic hardship and language brokering shape a child’s relationship to desire, responsibility, and unrealized possibility. While other children receive formal lessons that allow their interests and talents to be discovered, the speaker develops unrecognized interpretive skill by helping her parents navigate English-speaking institutions. Without assigning blame, the poem holds parental sacrifice and childhood loss together, revealing how survival can limit not only access to enrichment but also a child’s opportunity …

Impact And Utilization Of Asl Lab Spaces In University Settings, Nathan J. Dutra, Michele Vincent

Journal of Interpretation

American Sign Language (ASL) is a challenging yet rapidly growing language taught at both secondary and higher education levels. Despite its increasing popularity, there is limited literature on utilizing ASL labs as learning centers. This quantitative study examines the implementation of a new ASL lab at a large four-year university in California. It investigates the factors influencing participation, the motivations behind students' involvement, and their perceptions of the lab's effectiveness. Results indicate significant associations between course modality, instructor influence, and lab participation. The study suggests that ASL labs function as cultural and educational spaces that promote visibility of Deaf culture …

Designing System Coherence For Designated English Language Development, Raquel Gonzalez, Ph.D., Magaly Lavadenz, Ph.D., Elvira G. Armas, Ed.D., Jeimee Estrada-Miller, Britt Jung

Center on English Language Proficiency Implementation Briefs

Designing System Coherence for Designated English Language Development is the fourth and final brief in a series designed to guide state, regional, and local educational agencies in establishing equitable, high-quality comprehensive English Language Development (ELD) systems. The brief examines the organizational infrastructure, leadership, and resource alignment needed to scale and sustain high-quality designated ELD. An adapted framework of seven interconnected foundational practices guides the discussion of how educational leaders can protect instructional time, support sustained professional learning and coaching, and connect designated ELD to grade-level academic content. The brief also examines systemic coherence across three levels—state education agencies, local education …

The Definitive Assessment Playbook: Tips And Tools For Educators Of Multilingual Learners, Margo Gottlieb

Resources

The Definitive Assessment Playbook: Tips and Tools for Educators of Multilingual Learners is a practical, evidence-based guide designed to humanize classroom assessment and elevate the agency of all assessment players. Grounded in the Science of Teaching and Learning and structured around twelve Focused Assessment Principles, the Playbook translates research into actionable practices, tools, and reflection opportunities for classroom, school, district, and community learning ecologies. Practical tips, tools, reflection templates, and inquiry frameworks support assessment players in applying these principles to build fair, balanced, learning-centered, and sustainable assessment systems for multilingual learners.

The Playbook includes five sections organized around major themes: …

Centering California’S Black Multilingual Learners: Intersections, Equity, And (In)Visibilities, Ayanna Cooper, Ed.D., Magaly Lavadenz, Ph.D., Elvira G. Armas, Ed.D., Malane Morales Van-Hecke

Education and Policy Briefs

Grounded in an asset-based approach to educational transformation, this education and policy brief presents an exploratory inquiry into Black Multilingual Learners (BMLs) in California, recognizing the intersection of their racial, linguistic, and cultural identities. The inquiry draws on statewide demographic and English language proficiency data, relevant research, student and educator bright spots, and the Young, Bilingual and Black in California Survey of local educational agency representatives. Three key findings emerged: Visibility Gaps in state reporting systems, an Intersectional Data Gap caused by the absence of disaggregated racial data on public-facing data platforms, and an Infrastructure Gap in local data collection …

Designated Eld Through Evidence-Based Practices, Aida Walquí, Ph.D., Magaly Lavadenz, Ph.D.

Center on English Language Proficiency Implementation Briefs

Designated English Language Development through Evidence-Based Practices is the third in a four-part series assisting educational agencies in implementing high-quality, comprehensive English Language Development (ELD) systems. This brief bridges the gap between research and practice by illustrating what implementation looks like for evidence-based practices in Designated ELD (DELD) curriculum and instruction. It introduces an ecological model of learning—conceptualizing education across macro- and micro-systems—alongside five fundamental shifts in classroom practice: Teaching as Apprenticeship, Language as Action, No Isolated Language Practice, Non-Linear Spiraling Design, and Vocabulary Taught in Context. Additionally, the brief outlines key guidelines for heterogeneous group composition and a productive …

Translating Higher Education Into Vietnamese: An Applied Linguistics Approach To Language Equity And Higher Education Access, Z.W. Taylor, Alan Do, Jase Kugiya, Tuan Le

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

One growing population of non-native English speakers in the U.S. education system are native Vietnamese speakers, yet no studies have examined how higher education communication could be made more accessible for Vietnamese speakers. As a result, this case study reports on human and machine translational linguistics work conducted in partnership with the University of Iowa focused on simplifying and translating English enrollment management information into Vietnamese. Findings suggest that the institution increased the clarity and accessibility of enrollment management information by using second-person pronouns, shorter sentence structures, clearer diction, and explanations of institution-specific jargon. Moreover, analyses of machine and human …

Traversing The Broken Staircase: The Experiences Of Academic Neglect For Black & Brown First-Generation College Students, Kashmeel D. Mckoena

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Although Black and Brown students are diversifying college campuses and opening doors for their families as new cohorts of first-generation collegians, they often find themselves silently dealing with the aftermath of academic neglect from U.S. secondary education. This phenomenon can be understood from extant literature as absence of reliable guidance, mentorship, resources, and support that help students persist and succeed in their academic goals. Existing explanations of grit and resilience (Duckworth et al., 2007) not only erase the existence and impact of academic neglect, but also mask the creative solutions and compensatory strategies that Black and Brown first-generation college students …

The Negotiated Identities Of Refugee-Background Women During Resettlement, Iuliia Fakhrutdinova

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Refugee-background women experience unique challenges while resettling in the U.S. as they navigate complicated transnational gender roles, education gaps, migration trauma, learning a new language, and literacy in the adaptation process during resettlement, which can derail the productive paths they are on. Therefore, ignoring refugee-background women’s unique experiences and failing to understand their identities prevents our society from doing social justice and creating a space for a smooth adaptation to the new context. Language plays a paramount role in identity formation, as it moves away from the belief that identity is an essential concept. For refugee-background women during resettlement, their …

Factorial Structure Of A Bilingual Progress Monitoring Tool For Mindfulness Interventions, Andrea V. Molina Palacios

Graduate Doctoral Dissertations

Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) are an increasingly popular option for schools to support youth in each of the multi-tiered systems of support (MTSS). MBIs have proven to increase attention, help with emotion regulation, decrease symptoms of anxiety and depression, and overall increase students’ wellbeing with a cost-effective package that makes it affordable for schools to implement. Moreover, MBIs have also proven to be effective for Hispanic youth who are at a higher risk of experiencing low access to mental health care and higher levels of poverty, which puts them at risk for dropping out and having low academic achievement. However, there …

Remixing Dialogue: A Case Study On Perceptions Of Hip Hop Pedagogy In A Professional Learning Course, Kelly J. Thelen

Dissertations, Theses, and Projects

This qualitative case study examines how teachers’ decision-making and professional autonomy shift while participating in a Hip Hop Pedagogy Professional Learning course supported by structured FIXIT (Lo & Wachter, 2023a, 2023b, 2023c, 2023d; Wachter & Lo, 2024) game-facilitated dialogue in a rural, culturally and linguistically diverse Midwest community. Grounded in Freire’s (1970) Critical Pedagogy, Ladson-Billings’ (1995) Culturally Relevant Pedagogy, Culturally Sustaining Pedagogy (Paris and Alim, 2017), and Adult Learning Theory (Knowles et al., 2005), the study explores the reclamation of agency by teachers in a time of constrained creativity and educator autonomy shaped by strict policy environments, an emphasis on …

Reading Comprehension Success For Multilingual Learners, Meilian Wang

Masters Projects

Multilingual learners (MLs) often struggle with reading comprehension as they simultaneously develop English language proficiency and learn grade-level academic content. Although research has identified effective instructional strategies for supporting ML reading comprehension, many general education teachers feel underprepared to implement these strategies effectively. This project examines the research-based approaches for supporting ML’s reading comprehension while addressing the need for sustained professional learning and instructional coaching for classroom teachers. The literature reviewed in this project focuses on sociocultural theory, translanguaging, culturally responsive pedagogy, and the Sheltered Instruction Observation Protocol (SIOP). There will be additional research-based instructional strategies such as explicit vocabulary …