Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Higher Education (7089)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (3241)
- Arts and Humanities (2125)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (1684)
- Curriculum and Instruction (1637)
-
- Teacher Education and Professional Development (1570)
- Business (1507)
- Educational Leadership (1155)
- Educational Assessment, Evaluation, and Research (1138)
- Educational Methods (992)
- Higher Education Administration (987)
- Medicine and Health Sciences (845)
- Law (802)
- Life Sciences (749)
- Science and Mathematics Education (689)
- Marketing (631)
- Sociology (592)
- Physical Sciences and Mathematics (568)
- Communication (556)
- Educational Psychology (547)
- Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (542)
- Health and Physical Education (515)
- Other Education (501)
- Elementary Education (467)
- Language and Literacy Education (455)
- Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (438)
- Special Education and Teaching (420)
- Higher Education and Teaching (408)
- Library and Information Science (407)
- Institution
-
- Georgia Southern University (1531)
- University of Alabama at Birmingham (1459)
- East Tennessee State University (840)
- California State University, Monterey Bay (688)
- Western Kentucky University (550)
-
- Walden University (431)
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (393)
- Western Michigan University (296)
- Morehead State University (286)
- University of Northern Iowa (256)
- Illinois Wesleyan University (239)
- Nova Southeastern University (232)
- Liberty University (228)
- Chulalongkorn University (221)
- Eastern Illinois University (221)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (204)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (195)
- Roger Williams University (195)
- Utah State University (194)
- Hamline University (182)
- University of South Florida (177)
- Stephen F. Austin State University (175)
- Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta (168)
- Ministry of Higher and Secondary Specialized Education of the Republic of Uzbekistan (166)
- Old Dominion University (159)
- Andrews University (140)
- Edith Cowan University (135)
- Concordia University St. Paul (133)
- Australian Council for Educational Research (ACER) (129)
- Portland State University (123)
- Keyword
-
- Georgia Southern University (1241)
- Athletics News (751)
- Athletics Department (720)
- Agriculture (557)
- Natural resources (544)
-
- Historical resources (542)
- Early California maps (527)
- Education (477)
- Cultural resources (369)
- Land grants (337)
- California ranchos (328)
- Land patents (328)
- Land tenure (328)
- Diseños (323)
- Athletics (282)
- Higher education (275)
- Surveys (233)
- Plats (224)
- Release (216)
- U. S. Work Progress Administration Program (209)
- Leadership (186)
- Monterey County surveys (182)
- Higher Education (175)
- California Ranchos (173)
- School of medicine (169)
- Western Kentucky University (159)
- Curriculum (148)
- Literacy (141)
- College of arts and sciences (135)
- Community college (128)
- Publication
-
- Browse All News (1394)
- Athletics: News & Publications (1062)
- ETSU News (593)
- Theses and Dissertations (435)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (411)
-
- Dissertations (304)
- International Journal of Exercise Science: Conference Proceedings (218)
- Doctoral Dissertations and Projects (215)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (207)
- Township and Range Surveys - BLM (174)
- Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD) (145)
- News and Events (Discontinued Series) (141)
- Featured News Story (140)
- WKU Administration Documents (138)
- School of Education and Leadership Student Capstone Projects (135)
- School Leadership Review (131)
- CUP Ed.D. Dissertations (124)
- The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies (122)
- Publications and Research (120)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (118)
- Faculty Publications (109)
- Bulletin of Gulistan State University (106)
- All Electronic Theses and Dissertations (90)
- Australian Journal of Teacher Education (90)
- The Qualitative Report (89)
- Scholars Showcase 2018: Innovations in Leadership and Learning (83)
- Andrews Agenda: Campus News (76)
- Journal of Education Studies (76)
- Education Dissertations and Projects (75)
- Faculty Senate Records (75)
- Publication Type
Articles 16951 - 16980 of 17717
Full-Text Articles in Education
Using Freewriting In Public Speaking Courses To Remedy Student Apathy: An Unconventional Solution To A Common Problem, Flora Keshishian
Using Freewriting In Public Speaking Courses To Remedy Student Apathy: An Unconventional Solution To A Common Problem, Flora Keshishian
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
Student apathy—a lack of motivation or mental presence in the classroom—is common in many academic institutions and courses of study. In Public Speaking courses, speech anxiety can be a factor that contributes to student apathy. To solve this problem, I suggest implementing an unconventional approach—in-class unguided longhand freewriting—that requires students to write nonstop about anything that comes to mind, without censoring or editing, during the first five minutes of each class session. I base this recommendation on my own observations of the students’ body language during the freewriting period, as well as my qualitative analysis of 95 students’ written feedback …
Classroom Ideas For Promoting Social Justice: Encouraging Student Activism In Intercultural And Gender Communication Courses, Amy Aldridge Sanford
Classroom Ideas For Promoting Social Justice: Encouraging Student Activism In Intercultural And Gender Communication Courses, Amy Aldridge Sanford
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
Communication courses (e.g., intercultural communication and gender communication) dedicated to the promotion of social justice often result in students’ raised consciousness regarding privilege and the oppression of people who have been marginalized historically. Affected students, however, often are at a loss about what to do with the newly acquired knowledge; consequently, they may experience anger and frustration that causes them to feel overwhelmed and leaves them with a sense of hopelessness. This essay provides 10 suggestions to help communication pedagogues guide students from anger and hopelessness to action and empowerment. Tips offered center on classroom discourse, curriculum choices, and potential …
Best Practices For Training New Communication Graduate Teaching Assistants, Melissa A. Broeckelman-Post, Kristina Ruiz-Mesa
Best Practices For Training New Communication Graduate Teaching Assistants, Melissa A. Broeckelman-Post, Kristina Ruiz-Mesa
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
Graduate Teaching Assistants (GTAs) are often the first college instructors who new students meet when they arrive for their first day of class, and as instructors and as students, GTAs are the future of the discipline. As such, GTAs need to receive comprehensive training in a variety of pedagogical, procedural, and professional areas to help graduate students continue to develop as instructors and, eventually, into full-time faculty. To assist basic course directors, department chairs, and faculty in creating and supporting a comprehensive and ongoing GTA training program, this article provides 10 best practices for training new GTAs who will be …
Taking Interest In Students’ Disinterest: Best Practices For Mitigating Amotivation In The Basic Course, Electra Gilchrist-Petty
Taking Interest In Students’ Disinterest: Best Practices For Mitigating Amotivation In The Basic Course, Electra Gilchrist-Petty
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
As a general education requirement, basic communication course instructors are afforded the unique opportunity to reach a variety of students. Because many students often are enrolled in the basic communication course out of necessity, student amotivation can transform what should be a dynamic and interactive classroom experience into a daunting challenge that stifles the pedagogical process. To assist in engaging students, 10 best practices for mitigating amotivation in the basic course are presented. By following these best practices, instructors can help cultivate a more engaged and interactive classroom experience for both themselves and their students.
Best Practices For Retaining Public Speaking Students, Kimberly M. Weismann, Shannon B. Vanhorn, Christina G. Paxman
Best Practices For Retaining Public Speaking Students, Kimberly M. Weismann, Shannon B. Vanhorn, Christina G. Paxman
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
This article draws on existing communication research and praxes to share the best practices for retaining students enrolled in the introductory public speaking course. Among the many important pedagogical practices that communication scholars have documented, this article highlights the value of 10 best practices: instructor use of immediacy and confirmation; instructor inclusion of written prescriptive feedback, peer feedback workshops, low-stakes assignments, applied assignments, and individual speech preparation tools; and instructor participation in out-of-class communication, online office hours, and classroom-connectedness.
Integrating Service-Learning In The Public Speaking Course, Elizabeth A. Munz, Roger D. Gatchet, Matthew R. Meier
Integrating Service-Learning In The Public Speaking Course, Elizabeth A. Munz, Roger D. Gatchet, Matthew R. Meier
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
This best-practices article endorses incorporating service-learning into the foundational public speaking course. The article explains connections between service-learning and the rhetorical tradition, highlights pedagogical approaches that would benefit from a service-learning component, and discusses the benefits of service-learning for community partners and students. The remainder of the article focuses on how to implement servicelearning in a public speaking course, including reflection and assessment recommendations.
Best Practices For Facilitating Communication-Centered Professional Development For Non-Communication Faculty, Stephanie Norander
Best Practices For Facilitating Communication-Centered Professional Development For Non-Communication Faculty, Stephanie Norander
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
Communication-across-the-curriculum (CxC) programs commonly support noncommunication faculty by crafting robust professional development learning experiences. This article presents 10 best practices for facilitating professional development designed to support the teaching and learning of communication competencies in non-communication disciplines. These practices draw on lessons learned from a successful professional development course facilitated by the CxC program at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. Grounded in a situated communication pedagogy framework, these best practices reflect a communicationcentered approach to professional development, thus extending scholarly discourse and practices surrounding CxC programs, communication pedagogy, and professional development of faculty.
Journal Of Communication Pedagogy, Complete Volume, 2018
Journal Of Communication Pedagogy, Complete Volume, 2018
Journal of Communication Pedagogy
No abstract provided.
A Meta-Assessment Of An Institution's Administrative Assessment Processes, Cynthia Groover
A Meta-Assessment Of An Institution's Administrative Assessment Processes, Cynthia Groover
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
Many institutions establish assessment teams to assist faculty in developing their knowledge of and confidence in conducting academic program assessment, and some extend these teams to address administrative and student affairs assessment as well. These teams may function as more formal distributed leadership models, as described by Spillane (2006), or they may be less formal groups with little or no leadership roles. Regardless of their level of formality, these teams are often used to implement other resources such as rubrics, peer review, and feedback, but the effectiveness of these resources and processes is not commonly reviewed through an intentionally designed …
Collegiate Recreation Participation And Student Retention, Progression, And Graduation, Gabriela Mccollum
Collegiate Recreation Participation And Student Retention, Progression, And Graduation, Gabriela Mccollum
College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between collegiate recreation participation and students’ retention, progression, and graduation (RPG) rates. This study employed a quantitative, ex post facto research design along with descriptive analyses of two research questions. Archival data were gathered for an incoming first-year cohort of 3,516 students at a research-intensive university in the Southeast United States. The present study found that participants within the cohort who were classified as high participation in collegiate recreation were more likely to be retained from the first to the second year. Evidence of this finding was presented with statistical …
Eagle Educator, Georgia Southern University
Eagle Educator, Georgia Southern University
College of Education: News & Publications (2003-2023)
- Changes in the College of Education
- Join Bruce Field ...
- Synovus Lends EAGLE Academy More Than Just Financial Assistance
- Institute hosts several opportunities for regional involvement
- School Psychology Program Receives NASP Approval
- Year-Long Field Placement Offers New Benefits To Student Teachers
- Educator Brings Federal-Level Training to Statesboro-Bulloch County Law Enforcement
- Faculty Awards, Honors and Promotions
- Fox Receives 2017 COE Staff Award
- Two COE Faculty Named University Excellence Award Recipients
- Four Faculty Members Recognized for Jack Miller Awards
- Georgia Southern and Synovus recognize educators during football season
- Cartee Honored as College of Education Alumna of the Year
- Student Veteran Finds Second …
A Multicultural Education Praxis: Integrating Past And Present, Living Theories, And Practice, Peggy A. Shannon-Baker
A Multicultural Education Praxis: Integrating Past And Present, Living Theories, And Practice, Peggy A. Shannon-Baker
Curriculum, Foundations & Reading: Faculty Publications
In our current climate of heightened conservatism and criticism, multicultural education is as important as ever. This article argues for the need to reframe multicultural education as a praxis based on its social justice- oriented principles, values, and practices. Using practitioner action research, I examine my implementation of such a praxis in a college course. I discuss critical reflections on demonstrating the interconnections between current and historical social movements, theory and lived experiences, and the students’ and my learning. I conclude by arguing that reframing multicultural education as a praxis could encourage more coalitions within and beyond schools.
Jiann-Ping Hsu College Of Public Health Magazine, Georgia Southern University
Jiann-Ping Hsu College Of Public Health Magazine, Georgia Southern University
College of Public Health: News & Publications
- A Message from the Dean
- Leadership
- Center Forges Partnership with EMS
- Perspective
- Faculty-Led Study Abroad Program
- Research Spotlight
- Sustainability at Its Finest
- Student Spotlight
- Alumni Spotlight
2018 Spring Commencement, Georgia Southern University
2018 Spring Commencement, Georgia Southern University
Commencement Programs
No abstract provided.
Unpacking Students’ Writer Identity In The Transition From High School To College: A Mixed Methods Study, Marcie J. Walsh
Unpacking Students’ Writer Identity In The Transition From High School To College: A Mixed Methods Study, Marcie J. Walsh
Theses and Dissertations
Since the 1975 publication of Newsweek’s article asserting that “Johnny” can’t write, many have continued to support the claim that students graduating from American high schools and universities can’t write. This criticism has led many students to believe the problem lies exclusively with them. Efforts to improve students’ writing have had little effect, as reflected in continually concerning scores on the National Assessment of Educational Progress. Recently, researchers have begun to suggest that the problem should be addressed by working to change students’ identification as a bad writer. Two constructs have emerged from these efforts: writer and authorial identity. Research …
An Investigation Of Faculty Perceptions About Mobile Learning In Higher Education, Serena Brown
An Investigation Of Faculty Perceptions About Mobile Learning In Higher Education, Serena Brown
Theses and Dissertations
This applied dissertation was designed to investigate instructor perceptions about mobile learning among instructors in higher education. The study included the areas of influences of mobile technologies over the approaches of teaching and learning, use of mobile learning technologies to develop class instruction, use of mobile learning for professional learning, influences of mobile learning over the restrictions of time and space when acquiring knowledge anytime, anywhere, and mobile learning to facilitate teacher-student communications. An additional objective of this study was to add a more current literature source to the existing literature addressing instructor perceptions about mobile learning in higher education. …
Perceptions Of The Nursing Faculty Shortage: A Case Study Of One College’S Adjunct Faculty’S Perception Of Doctoral Education, Donna Shaw
Theses and Dissertations
The problem addressed in this qualitative case study was the nurse faculty shortage and associated consequences of a shortage of nurses available to care for an aging population with multifaceted healthcare needs in a complex healthcare system. Because of the nurse faculty shortage, numerous qualified applicants are unable to enroll in nursing programs across the country. One of the key reasons for the nurse faculty shortage is a lack of nurse educators with doctorate degrees to fill the vacant positions. Adjunct nursing faculty were interviewed to ascertain their perceptions about the nurse faculty shortage and messages conveyed by full-time nurse …
Social-Emotional Skills For Early Learning With Preschool Students: A Program Evaluation, Tory Denyse Hagains
Social-Emotional Skills For Early Learning With Preschool Students: A Program Evaluation, Tory Denyse Hagains
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this applied dissertation study was to evaluate the implementation of a program entitled Second Step for Early Learning to determine if the program would significantly improve social-emotional competence in young children. The participants included six teachers from a preschool program located in an urban school district in Pennsylvania. Data-collection sources included surveys, interviews, and a review of lesson plans. Data analysis employed both quantitative and qualitative procedures.Findings from three data sources in combination with training indicated that implementation of the program increased social competence in young children. Research suggests that the overall result of the effectiveness of …
Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers - Accession 1049, Dorothy Moser Medlin
Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers - Accession 1049, Dorothy Moser Medlin
Manuscript Collection
(The Dorothy Moser Medlin Papers are currently in processing.)
This collection contains most of the records of Dorothy Medlin’s work and correspondence and also includes reference materials, notes, microfilm, photographic negatives related both to her professional and personal life. Additions include a FLES Handbook, co-authored by Dorothy Medlin and a decorative mirror belonging to Dorothy Medlin.
Major series in this collection include: some original 18th century writings and ephemera and primary source material of André Morellet, extensive collection of secondary material on André Morellet's writings and translations, Winthrop related files, literary manuscripts and notes by Dorothy Medlin (1966-2011), copies …
Papers Of John Haywood Paul Arc1978-003 - Finding Aid, Ats Special Collections And Achives
Papers Of John Haywood Paul Arc1978-003 - Finding Aid, Ats Special Collections And Achives
Finding Aids
No abstract provided.
Western Australian Teachers’ Perceptions Of Effective Secondary Mathematics Teaching Through The Lens Of The ‘Actions’ Of Mathematics: The Proficiency Strands., James O'Neill
Theses
This research examined how 14 Western Australian (WA) secondary mathematics teachers perceived effective mathematics teaching through the actions of teaching mathematics, described as Proficiency Strands. The research examined a variety of insights into what constituted effective teaching. Comparisons were made using an interpretive theoretical perspective of an instrumental case study and data were reviewed using a structured inductive framework with thematic analysis. Key findings of the research found that participants’ beliefs and practices did help determine their perceptions of effective teaching but that understanding, and interpretation of mathematical proficiencies were less influential and inconsistently understood. The study found evidence that …
The Design And Development Of E-Textbooks To Support Problem-Based Learning In Secondary School Science Classrooms, Nigel Stewart
The Design And Development Of E-Textbooks To Support Problem-Based Learning In Secondary School Science Classrooms, Nigel Stewart
Theses
Problem-based Learning (PBL) is widely used in education and extensive research has been conducted into the use of PBL to improve student learning. E-textbooks are a relatively recent development and represent the next stage of evolution of print media with improvements in the presentation of information. They also offer the possibility of being used as a learning tool rather than just as a store of knowledge. This thesis attempts to develop a set of design principles that allow the development of e-textbooks to promote PBL in secondary school science students.
This research presents the results of a four-year study, between …
Initial Teacher Education Students’ Literacy: Factors That Impact On Literacy Achievement Of Prospective Pre-Service Teachers, Elizabeth O'Sullivan
Initial Teacher Education Students’ Literacy: Factors That Impact On Literacy Achievement Of Prospective Pre-Service Teachers, Elizabeth O'Sullivan
Theses
Strong literacy skills are a prerequisite for teachers. There is much contention about a perceived erosion of literacy skills in new teachers and how initial teacher education providers can ensure graduate teachers possess the literacy skills required for their teaching careers. This research investigated the factors that impact on prospective pre-service teachers’ literacy achievement. A mixed methods approach was used to examine the relationship between student entry pathway, Post Entrance Literacy Assessment (PELA) score, perceptions of self-efficacy, and previous literacy experiences in a first year literacy unit for prospective primary and early childhood initial teacher education students.
Initially, in phase …
Perceptions Of Large-Scale, Standardised Testing In Religious Education: How Do Religious Educators Perceive The Bishops’ Religious Literacy Assessment?, Antonella Poncini
Perceptions Of Large-Scale, Standardised Testing In Religious Education: How Do Religious Educators Perceive The Bishops’ Religious Literacy Assessment?, Antonella Poncini
Theses
This research provides a Western Australian perspective of teaching and assessing Religious Education (RE) in Catholic schools. The perspective recognises RE as a learning area reserved for classroom instruction. This educational focus aligns RE with other learning areas as well as highlights the important role that RE plays in the evangelising mission of the Catholic Church.
A pragmatic approach to research was implemented to focus on religious educators’ perceptions of a large-scale, standardised assessment in RE called The Bishops’ Religious Literacy Assessment (BRLA). This assessment is developed by the Catholic Education Office of Western Australia. The research surveyed 238 religious …
To Teach Or Not To Teach? The Experiences And Self-Perceptions Of Early Career Teachers In Western Australian Catholic Primary Schools That Led Them To Remain In The Profession, Deborah Black
Theses
The focus of this research was Early Career Teachers (ECTs) in Western Australian Catholic primary schools, their experiences and self-perceptions that led them to remain in the profession. The review of literature highlighted four aspects that were pertinent to ECTs’ decisions to remain in the profession. These four areas were: motivation to join the teaching profession; likes and dislikes of teaching; challenges faced as a teacher; and, strategies used for coping with challenges faced that maintained motivation to remain in the teaching profession.
The study focused on an instrumental case study, the conduct of which was located predominantly in the …
Factors Affecting The Academic Performance Of University Students Residing In Student Housing Facility, Shazia Hasan, Mehreen Fatima
Factors Affecting The Academic Performance Of University Students Residing In Student Housing Facility, Shazia Hasan, Mehreen Fatima
Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Student housing facility (SHF) has been considered as an indispensable part of the facilities offered by higher education institutes today. This study is conducted to find out the impact of satisfaction generated from student housing facility and social support on their stress level, self-esteem and self-efficacy. The major focus of the study is to investigate the impact of above mentioned factors on students academic performance. Study also shows the gradual changes in these factors that come with each semester. A cross-sectional survey is conducted through questionnaires. Targeted population consists of all the girls of bachelor programs residing in Fatima Jinnah …
Reforming Georgian Education: Recommendations For Using Classroom Assessment To Improve Student Outcomes, Gregory C. Sales, Sonja Sentočnik, Jayson W. Richardson, Sophia Gorgodze
Reforming Georgian Education: Recommendations For Using Classroom Assessment To Improve Student Outcomes, Gregory C. Sales, Sonja Sentočnik, Jayson W. Richardson, Sophia Gorgodze
Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
In post-Soviet Georgia, much of the teaching and learning in grades 7-12 is conducted in a manner very similar to that used generations ago. Teachers stand at the front of the classroom dispensing information as they lead students through a page-by page review of the text. The concept of using classroom assessment techniques to gather individualized data that will inform instructional practices is unknown to the majority of Georgia’s teachers. This article describes efforts to explore the education context in Georgia and to develop project recommendations for effective support of teacher growth and their integration of classroom assessment practices into …
Efl Students’ Perceptions Of Teacher Feedback And Intra-Feedback In Writing Essays, Maryam Kazemi, Shirin Abadikhah, Mahmood Dehqan
Efl Students’ Perceptions Of Teacher Feedback And Intra-Feedback In Writing Essays, Maryam Kazemi, Shirin Abadikhah, Mahmood Dehqan
Khazar Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
This study examines EFL students’ perceptions of teacher feedback and intra-feedback in writing essays in an EFL university context. Traditionally, teachers who were considered more knowledgeable provided feedback to students' writing. Recently, peer feedback is considered as an alternative form of feedback, which involves a dynamic process of reviewing and discussing one another’s text in a writing class. Intra-feedback, another form of peer feedback, is a reviewer-oriented practice in which two reviewers discuss their comments provided individually on the composition of another student. This paper investigates 21 EFL students’ perceptions of teacher feedback and peer feedback using intra-feedback technique. Both …
Does Facial Physiognomy In The Context Of Anoccupational Safety And Health Message Predict Outcomes?, Ian Parker
Does Facial Physiognomy In The Context Of Anoccupational Safety And Health Message Predict Outcomes?, Ian Parker
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Physiognomy, the practice of looking to another person’s outward facial appearance to unmask the inner character of that person, has had a diverse historical impact within art, medicine, theology, anthropology, law, criminology, political history, psychology, psychiatry, and popular culture, since it was conceptualised in Greece during the 5th and 4th centuries B.C (Physiognomy, 1999-2009, 2009a). Aristotle, the prominent Greek philosopher, penned many chapters on physiognomic properties and touched upon strength/weakness, genius/stupidity, and other trait characteristics and their opposites in so far as such characteristics were associated with facial form (Physiognomy, 2006, 2009b).
In more modern times, facial recognition and evaluation …
Early Childhood Hass Matters: An Investigation Of Early Childhood Staff And Their Transition To The New Western Australian Humanities And Social Sciences Curriculum In 2017, Jane Loxton
Theses: Doctorates and Masters
Changes to education policies and the creation of new curricula in Western Australia (WA), such as the new WA Humanities and Social Sciences (HASS) Curriculum in 2017, may place external pressure on teachers as they transition from existing to new curricula. The aim of this interpretivist study was to investigate the transition to the new WA HASS Curriculum in 2017. The experiences and perspectives of the school leaders and teachers in Pre-primary, Year One and Year Two (PP to Y2) in two Perth metropolitan independent schools was explored. The preparation undertaken by the early childhood teachers and leaders, and the …