Education Commons^™

Research On The Effects Of Grade Retention And Its Implications For Educators, Richard Allen Krone

Graduate Research Papers

Grade retention in the United States is an issue that has been with us since the 1840 1 s, It is an issue that deals with the concepts of liberal student promotion standards vs. promotion based on the competency of strong minimum standards of achievement, Today after one hundred and fourty-five years of discussion and debate the issue remains highly contested and emotional, Many research articles have appeared as well as reports supporting an opinion or describing local practices. The issue remains unresolved and volatile.

An Investigation Of Juvenile Probation Officers' Correctional Models In Black Hawk, Lynn And Polk Counties, Franka U. Undiandeye

Graduate Research Papers

Like other government run institutions, the American juvenile justice system is in trouble. Since the passage of the first Juvenile Court Act in Illinois in 1899, a great discrepancy between the intended goals and the practical reality still remains. As Richette (1969) pointed out: It seems paradoxical that a nation otherwise obsessed with childrearing techniques should treat so casually the official machinery it set up to deal with children who get into trouble or need protection (p. 5). Meanwhile, delinquency rates continue to rise at an alarming pace and each of the components of the juvenile justice system seemingly continues …

A Comparative Study Of Freshmen And Sophomore Male And Female Student Perceptions Of Their Teacher-Advisor At Saydel High School, Jerry W. Walker

Graduate Research Papers

The teacher-advisement program at Saydel High School in Des Moines, Iowa began during the 1976-77 school year. The Saydel advisement program is an adaptation of the advisement program at the Ferguson-Florissant School District in Florissant, Missouri. Representatives from Ferguson-Florissant presented some of the basic mechanics of the advisement system during a one-day workshop/in-service program for Saydel teachers which preceded the 1976-77 school year. This program was a familiarization process with activities that had been used in the advisement program at Ferguson-Florissant. The Saydel staff was also made aware of other alternative uses for the program at this time.

The Effect Of Deliberate Psychological Education On The Attitudes Of Fifth Graders Toward The Physically Disabled, June Brackney Stoskopf

Graduate Research Papers

There has been an increased interest in how school children accept the disabled since the passage of Public Law 94-142 (The Education for All Handicapped Children Act), in 1975. This law created a situation where, for the first time, handicapped children might be placed in a regular classroom. In order for this mainstreaming to be successful, the handicapped children must not be subjected to the ridicule and/or rejection of the non-disabled children in the classroom. According to Westervelt and McKinney (1980), one factor that may affect the success of mainstreaming children with physical disabilities is whether or not classmates receive, …

How Alcohol Influences A Representative Group Of Rural Ninth Grade Students In Iowa, Steven Taylor Brem

Graduate Research Papers

Abuse of alcohol is one of the biggest health and social problems in the United States today. It is estimated that there are more than fifteen million persons whose drinking is associated with serious personal and social problems, including about ten million who are alcoholics. Alcohol use is often associated with crime, poverty, and other social problems. Alcohol also contributes to physical illness, mental illness, and family conflicts. More than fifty percent of the fatal accidents and a high proportion of the injuries occurring on the nation's highways involve drivers or pedestrians who have had too much to drink. (Nusbrunner, …

The Nature And Extent Of Sexuality Counseling For Spinal Cord Injured Persons Within The Regional Rehabilitation Centers, Anne Elizabeth Gallagher

Graduate Research Papers

There are sixteen regional Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Centers serving the United States. The centers were designated by the National Spinal Cord Injury Association, formerly the National Paraplegia Foundation, founded by the paralyzed veterans of America in 1948. The purpose of rehabilitation of this group of patients is "to provide spinal cord injured individuals with the opportunity to resume 1 a lifestyle as similar to their preinjury state as is possible" (Lawson, 1978, p. 573). Rehabilitation centers utilize the efforts of many professionals working as a team to help their patients maximize their potential for independence.

Incidence Of Burnout In The Student Personnel Services Of A University, Susan C. Spencer

Graduate Research Papers

The topic of burnout has created its own little brushfire in professional publications. Since 1974, when the term "burnout" began to appear, it has stirred the interest of an increasing number of authors each year according to Savicki and Cooney (1982). Unfortunately, actual research on the topic has not been plentiful. Perlman and Hartman (1982) and Maslach (1978b) observed that burnout has been primarily a descriptive term and knowledge of the causes, preventions, and cures is still in the embryonic stage.

Retention Versus Promotion: A Study Of Local Policy, Karol Rae Boike

Graduate Research Papers

An elementary student in today's schools who is failing has two alternatives open to him, either be retained in the same grade for another year, or be socially promoted to the next grade in spite of apparent academic failure. Educators and parents have to make this decision and in most cases, both the process and effect of the decision have prompted considerable controversy. Proponents of retention argue that students who do not know the material at one grade level will be hopelessly frustrated if promoted to a higher grade level. Retention allows such students a year to catch up. Such …

The Relationship Between Field Dependence/Field Independence And Health Behaviors Of High School Students, John William Preston

Graduate Research Papers

The United States is in the midst of a second public health revolution (Califano, 1979). The success of the first revolution during the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century lead to the control or eradication of major acute diseases such as; influenza, pneumonia, diphtheria, tuberculosis and gastrointestinal infections. While the death rates from these major diseases fell sharply, from 580 for every 100,000 people in 1900 to less than 30 people per 100,000 in 1970, the proportion of mortality from major chronic and degenerative diseases, such as cancer, stroke and heart disease, increased more than …

Healthy Child Development Through Early Childhood Parent Education, Victoria Sue Kleidon Oestmann

Graduate Research Papers

This study proposes to examine parent education literature concerning the provision of parent education and support to parents during the first three years of parenthood in order to make recommendations to parent educators, counselors, and others interested in enhancing healthy child development. In Chapter 1, the significance of the study to professionals will be discussed. The limitations of this study will be stated, the assumptions for the provision of early childhood parent education will be detailed, and definitions of terms will be provided.

Teaching Self-Care Skills To The Mentally Retarded, Carl R. Heilman

Graduate Research Papers

A great deal of research in behavior modification has been devoted to the subject of training the profoundly, severely, and moderately retarded in self-care skills. Training self-care skills includes toileting, dressing, and eating; its goal is that retarded individuals will independently toilet, clothe, and feed themselves. The goal of this paper will be to synthesize through literature review, the multitude of information on self-care skills training into a clear account of what has been accomplished in this area, and what weaknesses remain. The literature review will focus on research conducted in institutions housing profoundly, severely, and moderately retarded populations of …

In Search Of Intimacy, Mark A. Dix

Graduate Research Papers

The traditional means to attain intimacy through dictated marriage were historically fulfilled by society and parents who betrothed their children. Societal and parental dictated norms usurped the individual's freedom and required living up to externally mandated expectations of behavior. Today's system of intimacy departs dramatically from the traditional model. Today's model is formed by the individual who freely meets his/her own needs regardless of age or historically based, societal or cultural standards of expected conduct. Today's mode of living gives an individual the freedom to pursue, court and marry based solely upon his/her own needs, expectations and love.

Effectiveness Of Reality Therapy And Assertive Discipline In Controlling Discipline Disturbances, Steven R. Callison

Graduate Research Papers

Today's general public is scrutinizing its governmental bodies and asking why they are being run in the fashion they are. Attacks against the system seem to come from every direction. Part of the criticism may be generalized hostility towards the government body closest to home, the public school. New school systems incorporating back to basics, humanism, Bible-based curriculums, and home teaching address some of the problems the public perceive.

Identification Of College Student Dropout Characteristics And Retention Strategies, Debra J. Albrecht

Graduate Research Papers

During the 1960s and 1970s there were two primary reasons why an institution had limited concern with the retention of its students: (1) there were more students than its faculty or facilities could handle. If a number of students did not continue to enroll, it was not a problem since many other students were waiting to take their place. (2) This time period involved a philosophical interpretation of equal education opportunity and the maintenance of academic standards. Many felt they fulfilled obligations for equal educational opportunity if students had easy access to institutions. There was also an assumption that academic …

Barriers Of Cross-Cultural Counseling, Charles L. Davenport Jr.

Graduate Research Papers

In the past two decades, attention has been focused on the topic of cross-cultural counseling. Cross-cultural counseling is defined by Sue (1981), as a counseling relationship in which the participants are different in terms of values, norms, roles, lifestyles, verbal, and nonverbal methods of communicating. Literature in the area of cross-cultural counseling has been a recent occurance in the counseling profession, with professional articles beginning to appear in the journals around the mid 196O 1 s. Before the mid 196O's the counseling profession showed little interest or concern toward the racial, ethnic or minority groups. However, as the journals point …

A Study Of The Development Of Secondary Alternative Schools, Luann Boss

Graduate Research Papers

If there is one idea that educators today might agree on, it's the idea that no one program will ever begin to fit the needs of all students. Students learn under different circumstances, in different atmospheres, and in different ways. Yet American education for many years has tried to teach every child in the same way and at the same time. Our present model of education has prevailed for many years. The format of a single school serving a local community dates back to earlier centuries in American history. It was sufficient for local community members in the early 1900's …

Divorce Mediation: An Alternative Approach To Marital Dissolution, Suzanne Diers Strever

Graduate Research Papers

Divorce has become a common phenomena in American life. According to The World Almanac Book of Facts, 1983, in 1981 there were approximately 1,219,000 divorces in the United States. Historically, divorce has been viewed in terms of social deviance and as pathological behavior. This negative conceptualization of divorce was considered necessary to maintain familial stability and societal equilibrium. Until modern times, divorce was granted infrequently and was perceived as a punishment for marital misconduct, not as an escape from an unhappy or unsatisfactory marriage.

A Comparison Of Perception Of Ethical Conduct In Competitive Athletics, Deborah Fay Turnball

Graduate Research Papers

Athletics and competition within the United States have been present for many years. Men have had organized competition at the collegiate level since the turn of the century when the National Collegiate Association For Athletics, (NCAA), was founded in 1905. The NCAA started out with a 13-school membership. On the other hand, the first time women had an opportunity to compete in a national collegiate tournament was in 1941 in golf. Prior to this, participation by,women was at the intramural, recreational level and even in these programs and events their involvement was minimal and confined to only a limited number …

An Inquiry Into The Special Education Training Of Aea 7 Elementary School Administrators, Kay Spaulding

Graduate Research Papers

Since the passage of Public Law 94-142, the Education for All Handicapped Children Act of 1975, principals are being required to assume increasingly greater responsibilities for the education of handicapped children within their schools. 1 As the recognized administrative and instructional leader of the school, it is the principal who is the primary school person involved in promoting adequate programs for the handicapped child. The school principal is considered to be the person who determines the attitudes and sets the tempo for the total educational program within the building. The principal is the educator who encourages flexibility, innovation, and the …

A Study Of Therapeutic Formats For The Treatment Of Spouse Abuse, Susan Hoppenworth

Graduate Research Papers

These words which are spoken in a traditional Anglican-Episcopalian betrothal/nuptial marriage-ceremony hint of tenderness and caring, promising each other a life of togetherness and harmony. For various reasons the positive emotions behind these words are frequently obscured by even stronger needs or emotions including anger, power and aggression. The union of the two persons involved then becomes a disharmonious lifestyle, void of many of the promises spoken during a marriage ceremony.

A Study Of The Effect Of The Career Information System Of Iowa On The Perceived Needs Of 10th Grade Students, Stephen Robert Milder

Graduate Research Papers

In 1971, the U.S. Commissioner of Education, Sidney P. Marland, announced that a new program sponsored by his department would combine college preparatory, vocational, and general education into one area called career education (Smith, 1975). This announcement marked a new federal push for career development in the nation's public schools. In 1978, Congress assumed an even greater role by passing the Career Education Incentive Act. This act provided matching federal funds to states for systems to teach young people what they need to know to enter careers (Stone, 1978). By 1981, career education had become part of classroom activities in …

An Inquiry Into The Activity And Traditional Methods Of Teaching Science And Their Effects Upon Sixth Grade Students' Content Learning, Critical Thinking Ability, And Attitude Toward Science, Jane Mcandrews

Graduate Research Papers

The identification of factors which increase science achievement and interest among students is a topic of renewed consideration among researchers. Today educators and societal leaders are deeply concerned that the schools are not producing future scientists, engineers, and a citizenry at large who will be able to deal capably and creatively with a high-technology, post-industrial era in American society. Concomitant with this new technological age are the increasingly critical dilemmas of energy production and use, environmental degradation, world food shortage, and the threat of nuclear annihilation. These problems seem to make the need for a scientifically literate public as well …

Personal Strength Building: A Program To Improve The Psychological Readiness Of Academically Deficient Students For Post-Secondary Training, M. Penny Wilkins

Graduate Research Papers

The academically deficient student entering postsecondary training faces a difficult challenge. Not only must he or she look for sources to aquire [sic] the missing academic competencies, but the individual must also deal with the psychological effects of past academic failure and cope with the present stresses of being back in school. The Developmental Education Program at the Hawkeye Institute of Technology, a vocational-technical school in Waterloo, Iowa, offers prospective students the opportunity to increase not only their academic skills, but also the chance to examine and increase their personal psychological strength. Students enrolled in the Developmental Education Program are …

A Historical Study Of Library Service In Dike Community Schools Dike, Iowa, Patricia Middleswart

Graduate Research Papers

This study was intended to record the stages in the development of the Dike School Libraries as well as to ascertain the significant influences in the the development of library services in a small Iowa community.

The major source of data for this research was the personal interview. Librarians, teachers, administrators and students representing the span of school history from the early 1920 1 s to the present were interviewed. Other primary sources included NCA evaluations, applications for the School Library Media Program Award, and school board minutes.

The researcher found the desire of the Dike high school to obtain …

An Individual Reading Guidance Program In An Elementary Media Center, Kathryn M. Rewerts

Graduate Research Papers

The investigator researched whether participation in the individualized reading guidance program caused an increase in the number of recreational reading books read by the students in the experimental group during the program and after the completion of the program as compared to the number of recreational reading books read by the students in the control group during the same time period.

Comparative Study Of The Achievement Of Eighth-Grade And Ninth-Grade Algebra Students, Nancy Lea File

Graduate Research Papers

Educators are continually evaluating and altering curriculuar [sic] programs to meet the academic needs of students with varying abilities and interests. The field of mathematics is no exception to this, being one of the fastest . growing and most rapidly changing of the sciences. Handheld calculators, microcomputers, and more complete mathematics sequences are stimulating educators to re-evaluate and change existing school programs. Many of the changes that are taking place in schools across the country are designed to enrich and extend the mathematics program for exceptional students,

Couples Living Apart: An Examination Of Their Perceived Benefits And Challenges As A Result Of Living Apart, J. January Harrison

Graduate Research Papers

Marriage has been conventionally considered a relationship between a man and a woman in which the husband is the breadwinner and the wife is the nurturer of the home. The traditional, or at least idealized, American family in all but very recent years thus consisted of a husband whose primary identification and duties were to his job and a wife who managed the home and family full-time and who, if among the middle and upper classes, did some volunteer work (Pepitone-Rockwell, 1980, p. 113). Other alternatives to the conventional marriage appear to have come about through changes in societal conditions. …

The Approach Of An Iowa School District To Program Reorganization, Bruce Lee Tepfer

Graduate Research Papers

The growth and development of public education in this country has been documented in scores of textbooks and countless other publications. Such accounts often focus on the external forces in society to which the schools have responded. Those accounts have understandably not often focused on the growth and development of individual school systems. When school systems have been singled out for a special study, they have usually been large urban systems or systems on the "cutting edge" of educational innovation or reform.

The Roles And Characteristics Of Department Heads In Iowa Secondary Schools, Darrell Dean Druvenga

Graduate Research Papers

One of the most frequent themes which finds its way into the professional literature of school administrators emphasizes the importance of the building principal to the educational institution. There seems to be general agreement that with the presence of strong administrative leadership by the principal, a school is likely to be effective; without capable leadership, it is not. In 1974 this idea was emphasized by the Select Committee on Equal Educational Opportunity of the United States Senate when it concluded: In many ways the school principal is the most important and influential individual in any school. He or she is …

The Effects Of The Family On A Woman's Decision To Pursue A Nontraditional Career, Kristine Fae Oswald

Graduate Research Papers

Labor statistics have indicated a growing trend in occupations selected by women. Increasingly, women are choosing nontraditional occupations. Numerous explanations have been offered for this phenomena. The role the family plays in the woman's eventual career choice was frequently offered as one set of explanatory variables. The phrase "nontraditional career choice" may be defined as the selection of an occupation by the individual of either sex which is viewed as inappropriate for the individual based upon societal customs. Classic examples of nontraditional career choice are the "male-secretary" and the "female-doctor". The very use of a hyphenated sex-ascription draws attention to …