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Graduate Research Papers

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Full-Text Articles in Education

The Changing Face Of Health Care: Implications For Counseling, Peter J. Kalmar Jan 1986

The Changing Face Of Health Care: Implications For Counseling, Peter J. Kalmar

Graduate Research Papers

The intent of this paper is to examine the effectiveness and the costs of the health care system in America today. Recent analyses by health care writers will be reviewed to provide an overview. The orientation and role of health care will be compared and contrasted with the role and orientation of counseling.


The Male Abuser: Guidelines For Counselors Of Small Groups, Beverly Jane Fleshner Jan 1986

The Male Abuser: Guidelines For Counselors Of Small Groups, Beverly Jane Fleshner

Graduate Research Papers

The literature has demonstrated acknowledgement of and facilitative services for the female victims of abuse. Today, most metropolitan areas have, at the least, telephone hotlines and, at the most, safe shelters for women and their children, individual and group counseling, _and services which help them_ with legal, medical, and employment questions. By not focusing as much attention on the male abuser similar services for these men have been slighted. By ignoring men, only half of the violence problem has been addressed. To break the pattern of abuse, treatment and services for men who batter are essential (Feazell, Mayers- & Deschner, …


A Literature Review Of Adolescent Suicide Prevention In American Secondary Schools, Myrna Sandvik Jan 1986

A Literature Review Of Adolescent Suicide Prevention In American Secondary Schools, Myrna Sandvik

Graduate Research Papers

Adolescent suicide is a problem experienced more and more frequently in American families. Death statistics remove any doubt that there is a desperate need for a program for prevention of adolescent suicide. Mercy, Talsma, Smith, and Conn (1984) found that the suicide rate in the United States among 15- to 24-year-olds more than tripled from 1950 to 1980, moving from the fifth leading cause of death for this age group in 1960 to become the third leading cause of death in 1980. Between 1970 and 1980, 49,496 American youth aged from 15 to 24 killed themselves, increasing the suicide rate …


A Second-Grade Student Creates Meaning Through The Composition Process, Allene A. Byroad Jan 1986

A Second-Grade Student Creates Meaning Through The Composition Process, Allene A. Byroad

Graduate Research Papers

Language arts programs in the schools traditionally have been subdivided into the categories of reading and language arts. Most language arts textbooks stress the mechanics of the language and provide limited instruction in the processes of speaking, listening, and writing. Fisher and Terry (1982) state that the goal of a language arts program should be to help students become flexible users of all aspects of language (p. 12).


Gifted Females: An Underachieving Minority, Barbara Ann Buescher Jan 1986

Gifted Females: An Underachieving Minority, Barbara Ann Buescher

Graduate Research Papers

The purpose of this study is to examine the needs and achievements of gifted girls. Girls are being identified at the elementary level, yet there is a continuous noticeable decline in academic achievement through their academic career. Of special interest are the subject areas of mathematics and science, since these are where the greatest decrease occurs. Through a review of literature the following questions will be answered: 1. What causes the gifted female to manifest diminished achievement in mathematics and science? 2. Who has the most influence on the attitudes of gifted females? 3. What can be done to help …


Grade Repetition: Analysis Of Literature, Donna J. Counsell Jan 1986

Grade Repetition: Analysis Of Literature, Donna J. Counsell

Graduate Research Papers

Every elementary teacher must evaluate the progress of each individual in the classroom. The ultimate question becomes: Has this child gained the appropriate knowledge and mastered the designated skills to succeed in the next grade in school? In most cases the teacher determines with confidence that the individual has adequately mastered the expected competencies. Occasionally, though, the question is more difficult to answer and the teacher is confronted with the dilemma of determining what course of action will be in the best interest of a child who does not appear to have reached the expected level of achievement. Such a …


Trends In The Competencies Desired By The Corporate Sector In Training Roles, William Cashman Jan 1986

Trends In The Competencies Desired By The Corporate Sector In Training Roles, William Cashman

Graduate Research Papers

In Megatrends, Naisbitt (1983) declared that America has become a nation of clerks. Once, 70% of the job force was involved in manufacturing; now that same percentage is working in the information processing field. Over the years the national economy has progressed from an agricultural base to an industrial base, and recently from an industrial base to an information base. High technology not only continues to reshape many traditional work functions, it profoundly impacts how America trains and develops its work force.


The Effects Of Reading Out Loud On Students' Attitudes Toward Reading, Rose Marie Klosterboer Evans Jan 1986

The Effects Of Reading Out Loud On Students' Attitudes Toward Reading, Rose Marie Klosterboer Evans

Graduate Research Papers

"The educational foundations of our society are presently being eroded by a rising tide of mediocrity that threatens our very future as a Nation and as a people" (A Nation at Risk, April, 1983, p. 5). Trelease (1985) reported on statistics from Book Industry Study Group, Inc. (1984) and Ley (1979) that 44% of U.S. adults do not read even one book in a year and that 80% of the books read are being read by 10% of the people. Additionally, Neuman and Prowada (1982) (cited in Harris & Sipay, 1985) found that most students spend less than 5 hours …


Implementing A Total Communication Program For Language-Delayed Children, Kathy Gumm Jan 1986

Implementing A Total Communication Program For Language-Delayed Children, Kathy Gumm

Graduate Research Papers

Communication begins at birth. As a child grows older needs and desires expand and new language skills are needed for expression and refined communication. As children approach school age and move into the larger community, development of communication becomes imperative. The public school system offers education to a wide variety of students. This includes those children who are delayed in language development. Language problems can be due to genetic defects at birth, such as Down Syndrome, lack of stimulation in home environment, and physical handicaps, such as cerebral palsy. Such problems hinder children from verbally expressing their needs, thoughts, and …


Gifted Females And Underachievement In Mathematics And Science Careers, Rebecca A. Hanlon Jan 1986

Gifted Females And Underachievement In Mathematics And Science Careers, Rebecca A. Hanlon

Graduate Research Papers

A review of the literature showed that gifted females are underrepresented in the fields of mathematics and science. One major reason for few women in traditionally male careers is lack of participation in advanced mathematics and science courses. Internal causes of a lack of participation are ability, values, confidence, motivation, personality, and perceptions. External causes are stereotypes and parental support. Career choice is affected by tradition, marriage, and family. Attempts have been made to change attitudes and career aspirations, but more needs to be done in the areas of education, counseling, careers, and research.


Classroom Writing: Incorporating It Into The Total Curriculum, Curt S. Howard Jan 1986

Classroom Writing: Incorporating It Into The Total Curriculum, Curt S. Howard

Graduate Research Papers

In the last few years, writing has become a major subject of discussion. Students who are not able to read I and write make headlines in newspapers and magazines. Letters to the newspaper editors reflect the concerns of both parents and teachers about the lack of writing skills. Reports on education have made laymen more aware of writing problems. Educators are feeling pressure from legislators who are responding to pressure from constituents.


An Investigation Of Metacomprehension Strategies For Gifted Adolescent Readers, Frances P. Mauldin Jan 1986

An Investigation Of Metacomprehension Strategies For Gifted Adolescent Readers, Frances P. Mauldin

Graduate Research Papers

The current information explosion brings two separate concerns to educators of the gifted. There ls renewed interest in describing the gifted as readers and in designing appropriate curriculum for them. Many new ideas are being explored which define intelligence and thinking skills, and there is much research into the reading process. There has been little effort, however, to correlate these two areas to formulate a program suitable for the gifted reader. Since today's students find themselves living in a critical period, classroom skills must become more than a veneer to education. They must become functional by helping the student to …


A Comparison Of The Effects Of The Blocking-In And Sketching Methods Of Teaching Drawing On The Proportionality Of Human Figure Drawings By Community College Students, John Carol Rider Jan 1986

A Comparison Of The Effects Of The Blocking-In And Sketching Methods Of Teaching Drawing On The Proportionality Of Human Figure Drawings By Community College Students, John Carol Rider

Graduate Research Papers

Over the years, the primary method of teaching human figure drawing has involved instruction in free-hand sketching. Students using this method are usually instructed to stand at an easel at a right angle to the model to gain the best vantage point, and to study the model while squinting their eyes before beginning to draw. The squinting of the eyes allows the students to lessen the distracting visual detail and see the body as an undifferentiated mass. This enables them to achieve better-proportioned drawings. Although such claims are commonly made by teachers of figure drawing, many artists and art critics …


Critical Thinking: An Elementary Perspective, Anthony K. Voss Jan 1986

Critical Thinking: An Elementary Perspective, Anthony K. Voss

Graduate Research Papers

There is currently a great deal of research being done to determine the meaning of critical thinking. Researchers are also trying to learn more about the transferability of critical thinking skills to various subject areas. Different methods of teaching critical thinking are also being sought (Norris, 1985). The major research question to be addressed in this paper is: how can critical thinking skills be fostered in children? Specifically, what are the instructional methods for teaching critical thinking skills in the elementary (K-6) curriculum? Secondly, does critical thinking become a separately taught discipline or can it be integrated into the pre-existing …


A Creative Dramatics Program Across The Curriculum For Kindergarten Children, Ruth Yoder Jan 1986

A Creative Dramatics Program Across The Curriculum For Kindergarten Children, Ruth Yoder

Graduate Research Papers

The major purpose of the language arts program in the elementary school is to provide opportunity for children to create meaning. Through language experiences, children in collaboration with supportive teachers can develop understandings of themselves, others, and the world around and can extend their abilities to express their thinking and to interact with others.


Interactive Video: A New Technology In The Field Of Training Development, Joe Willie Anderson Jr. Jan 1986

Interactive Video: A New Technology In The Field Of Training Development, Joe Willie Anderson Jr.

Graduate Research Papers

This research paper will examine interactive video and its uses and compare interactive video instruction with teacher-based instruction. The relationship between interactive video instruction and teacher-based instruction will be discussed in terms of cost, efficiency and effectiveness. Several case studies and experiments involving interactive video will be reviewed to determine if interactive video is capable of reconstructing the delivery system that involves training development.


An Intensive Rehearsal Technique For Effecting Retention In Learning Disabled Students, Patrick J. Miller Jan 1986

An Intensive Rehearsal Technique For Effecting Retention In Learning Disabled Students, Patrick J. Miller

Graduate Research Papers

Education is currently under critical examination. Social and political leaders are acutely concerned with SAT scores, even though these scores are now corning back up slowly. Their concern sterns from a belief that lower test scores indicate students are less well prepared for the world of work. This situation will ultimately result in lower productivity in our society.


Induction Programs For Beginning Teachers, James Bennett Hamilton Jan 1986

Induction Programs For Beginning Teachers, James Bennett Hamilton

Graduate Research Papers

The first year of teaching has been described as a sink or swim experience. The beginning of a teaching career for some may be filled with excitement, challenge, and success. For others, the first year of teaching may seem to be a confusing, frustrating time, filled with feelings of defeat and failure (Ryan, 1970; Ryan et al., 1980; Gaede, 1979; Grant and Zeichner, 1981).


Extending Visual Language In The First Grade Classroom, Carol W. Shaw Jan 1986

Extending Visual Language In The First Grade Classroom, Carol W. Shaw

Graduate Research Papers

The myth "children are not able to write unless they can read" has been generally accepted. Yet, the studies of Calkins (1983) and Graves (1983) conclude that ninety percent of all children come to school believing they can write. They have some concept of writing and can write from the first day of school. This ability to write is no accident, for children have been copying the writers in their home environment.


Nursing Education In Today's World: Recommendations For A Program In Iowa, Betty Lou Huston Jan 1986

Nursing Education In Today's World: Recommendations For A Program In Iowa, Betty Lou Huston

Graduate Research Papers

The shift from an industrial to a high technology information society is occurring "so rapidly there is no time to react; instead we must anticipate the future" (Naisbitt, 1983, p. 18). John Naisbitt, the social forecaster and author of Megatrends, visualizes that our economy will be based largely on the creation, processing, and distribution of information. Because professional workers are almost all information workers, Naisbitt's prediction means that the demand for professional workers will continue to gain substantially.


A Comparison Of Teaching Methods With Achievement Scores In The Home Economics Classroom, Denise Schares Jan 1986

A Comparison Of Teaching Methods With Achievement Scores In The Home Economics Classroom, Denise Schares

Graduate Research Papers

Teaching methods and their relationship to learner achievement have long been an area of concern to educators. Experienced classroom teachers know that some instructional methods are more effective than others for presenting specific types of information to students. Teachers in all curriculum areas and at all grade levels are constantly evaluating methods of instruction in order to determine the methods that will result in the highest level of achievement for their students as the outcome of their instruction. Student achievement received added attention in recent years with the release of the report by the National Commission on Excellence in Education …


Key Understandings In Teacher Evaluation For The Beginning Principal, Robert Marc Cue Jan 1986

Key Understandings In Teacher Evaluation For The Beginning Principal, Robert Marc Cue

Graduate Research Papers

The role of the principal is demanding and complex, with many of the activities requiring significant expenditures of time. Among these are supervising both the support and professional staffs, disciplining students, developing the master class schedule, directing activities, hiring and firing staff, serving as instructional leader, and evaluating teacher performance. Supervising and evaluating teacher performance may be the most important of all these responsibilities however, because it gives the principal an opportunity to help teachers improve teaching performance. A principal should be able to help the teacher develop more productive teaching techniques. A school is eventually only as good as …


The Consequence Of Inequity In Computer Education And Access And Blacks In The 21st Century, Mary I. Jaycox Jan 1986

The Consequence Of Inequity In Computer Education And Access And Blacks In The 21st Century, Mary I. Jaycox

Graduate Research Papers

In today's world of rapidly advancing computer technology, computer literacy is fast becoming an educational necessity for the future. As this advance is being made, by the majority of our society, it is becoming apparent that the problem of inequity in computer access and education may be closing the door to computer literacy on the minority populations of our society.


Propaganda In The German Cinema, Lorraine Slover Jan 1986

Propaganda In The German Cinema, Lorraine Slover

Graduate Research Papers

Propaganda, the transmission of ideas and/or values from one person or group to another, played an important role in Adolph Hitler's schemes for the Third Reich (Taylor, 1979). One of the most effective media for propaganda was the German cinema. This popular form of entertainment and mass communication enabled the Nazis to indoctrinate the Germans with National Socialist ideals and form a separate reality for the German people.


Children's Reading Success And Parental Involvement, Karol J. Breffle Jan 1986

Children's Reading Success And Parental Involvement, Karol J. Breffle

Graduate Research Papers

The influence of parents is an important factor in 2 children's success in reading instruction. Many parents want to facilitate their children's reading growth but do not know how to instruct them and therefore turn to the educator for guidance. "Schools need to continually remind parents that the best way to prepare for their children's success in school is to involve themselves in their children's language experiences," relates Harms (1982, p. 3). The attention given to the beginnings of literacy has drawn attention to the role parents play in teaching children to read prior to school enrollment. Parents are the …


Possible Reasons For The Growth Of Peace Studies In The 1980s, Joan Marie Phelan Haack Jan 1986

Possible Reasons For The Growth Of Peace Studies In The 1980s, Joan Marie Phelan Haack

Graduate Research Papers

Peace movements in many different forms and degrees have been present throughout history. But advocacy of peace studies in educational institutions is quite a recent phenomenon. While a few groups have advocated peace studies since the 1950s, a preponderance of curricular materials and literature did not appear until the 1980s (Scott, 1984).


Utilizing The Reading-Writing Connection With First Grade Students In A Chapter I Reading Program, Ruth A. Marrs Jan 1986

Utilizing The Reading-Writing Connection With First Grade Students In A Chapter I Reading Program, Ruth A. Marrs

Graduate Research Papers

Extending reading ability is one of the major goals of primary grades in the elementary school. All children do not progress in their efforts to gain literacy at the same rate. Because the American culture places such importance on literacy, children who gain reading ability slowly cause much concern for the school and their families. Parents want schools to provide programs that will help their children learn to read.


Child Care Options: Impact On Child Development, Jane Frances Biga Wilson Jan 1986

Child Care Options: Impact On Child Development, Jane Frances Biga Wilson

Graduate Research Papers

The desire to establish learning environments that are both stimulating and responsive and which will contribute to the cognitive, emotional, language, physical, and social development of the preschool child is the goal of parents and educators alike. Piaget proposed that children pass through a series of successive stages and that they develop intellectually by acting and reacting with their world (Travers, 1982). This particular learning theory implies that an enriched environment would encourage intellectual development and has provided a rationale for early child care and education.


Writing, The Process Approach: A Directed Search From Prewriting To Publication, Diane D. Barkema Jan 1986

Writing, The Process Approach: A Directed Search From Prewriting To Publication, Diane D. Barkema

Graduate Research Papers

This study was designed to determine what the writing process, if implimented (sic) properly could do to cultivate written expression of children. Specifically, the study hoped to answer the following questions. 1. What method is most productive in teaching young children to write? 2. How is it implemented in the classroom? 3. How does research provide guidance for the classroom teacher? This will be the basis of the research done on the process of writing. The literature will be synthesized to draw conclusions that will provide guidance to the classroom teacher.


The Perceptions Of Gifted Students On The Adequacy Of Their School Libraries For Meeting Their Independent Reading Needs, Cheryl Rae Gullett Jan 1986

The Perceptions Of Gifted Students On The Adequacy Of Their School Libraries For Meeting Their Independent Reading Needs, Cheryl Rae Gullett

Graduate Research Papers

This study addressed the perceptions of gifted students about their school libraries. It was conducted in Waterloo, Iowa. city of an approximate population of 65,000 The study attempted to answer the questions: 1) What are the reading habits of gifted readers? 2) How do gifted students perceive their library meets their independent reading needs? 3) Are there significant differences in perceptions based on sex, grade cluster, and reading habits? 4) Do books recommended by gifted students exist in local school library collections? and 5) Does this list of books validate general perceptions of their libraries? Data were collected from students …