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Articles 2821 - 2850 of 3267
Full-Text Articles in Education
The Effects Of Early Field Experiences In The Professional Preparation Of Teachers: A Review Of Related Literature, Patricia K. Jackley
The Effects Of Early Field Experiences In The Professional Preparation Of Teachers: A Review Of Related Literature, Patricia K. Jackley
Graduate Research Papers
Early field experiences claim almost universal acceptance as a requirement in the professional development of teachers. The theory-practice link, in almost all professions, lies in the clinical experience component of professional studies. The design and development of effective clinical experiences contribute not only to the prospective member's knowledge, skills, attitudes and values, but also serve to characterize the evolution of the profession itself.
Early Childhood Education: Factors That Determine The Parental Selection Of A Preschool Program, Linda K. Buehler
Early Childhood Education: Factors That Determine The Parental Selection Of A Preschool Program, Linda K. Buehler
Graduate Research Papers
Throughout the ages of mankind, parents have been motivated to provide the best for their children. It has been demonstrated by recent research that parents do have a critical influence on their children's education and development (Grotberg, 1979).
Formative Evaluation For Instructional Improvement, Norma J. Newhouse
Formative Evaluation For Instructional Improvement, Norma J. Newhouse
Graduate Research Papers
As the cry of accountability gets louder and the number of available teachers gets smaller, the need for instructional improvement among practicing teachers becomes greater. Stiggins and Bridgeford (1985) suggested that effective teacher evaluation was one way to reach the goal of quality instruction. Even though evaluation could serve as a tool for instructional improvement, most evaluating today addresses summative goals. As Stiggins and Bridgeford (1985) stated, summative evaluations provided a base for administrative decisions on hiring and firing, promotions and tenure, assignments and salary. According to these authors, this was because summative evaluations were less time consuming than formative …
The Role Of The Counselor In Developmental Education, Joan Louise Mattson
The Role Of The Counselor In Developmental Education, Joan Louise Mattson
Graduate Research Papers
Developmental education, a specialty of postsecondary education, is designed to promote educational opportunity, develop academic skills and increase efficiency, according to Boylan (1983). Developmental education also includes training in basic decision making, training in personal responsibilities, and encourages growth in interpersonal activities (Clowes, 1980). Using this definition, there appear to be a broad spectrum of programs across the country offering opportunities for students which fit into a developmental education perspective (Robbins, 1983). Developmental education settings are located in post secondary schools such as community colleges and vocational-technical schools. Most of these current programs which began during the second half of …
An Overview Of Research On Counseling Techniques Or Treatments Used With Learning Disabled Students Who Have Self-Esteem Difficulties, Susan Carlene Werner Bruce
An Overview Of Research On Counseling Techniques Or Treatments Used With Learning Disabled Students Who Have Self-Esteem Difficulties, Susan Carlene Werner Bruce
Graduate Research Papers
The importance of self-esteem in anyone's life, especially in a child's life, can hardly be overemphasized. Weinhold and Hilferty (1983) found that self-esteem, which had been verified in previous studies, is the mainspring that launches every child for success or failure as a human being. Because this sense of self-worth or lack thereof is manifested so early in life, and can have an effect on academic success, it is essential that school counselors learn how to nurture a child's sense of worth.
Stress And The Elementary School Student: Implications For The Elementary School Counselor, Gregory Paul Garth
Stress And The Elementary School Student: Implications For The Elementary School Counselor, Gregory Paul Garth
Graduate Research Papers
Elementary children, like anyone else, experience stress. Their world is not nearly as safe and protected as most people believe (Shapiro and Rylewicz, 1976). They have fears and anxieties that are just as threatening to their lifestyles as adults. However, where adults may understand the signs of stress, most children do not understand their reactions to stress or how to deal with stress.
Utilization Of Interactive Telecommunications To Deliver Instruction, Gregory Wayne Stewart
Utilization Of Interactive Telecommunications To Deliver Instruction, Gregory Wayne Stewart
Graduate Research Papers
"In all my years in education, I've never seen anything like its dramatic growth in the past twelve months...it will sweep the country in the next few years" (Staff, 1986). A director in the New York Department of Education_ made that enthusiastic endorsement of telecommunications in education when reflecting on development in his state. Recent nationwide expansion of telecommunications efforts and rapid development of related technologies have boosted the potential of interactive television in education.
The Development And Implementation Of High School English And Mathematics Subject Matter Requirements For Admission To The University Of Northern Iowa, Jean Schrader Lang
The Development And Implementation Of High School English And Mathematics Subject Matter Requirements For Admission To The University Of Northern Iowa, Jean Schrader Lang
Graduate Research Papers
American colleges and universities are coming to grips with a problem regarding the admission of students direct from high school. Administrators, faculty members, parents and even students have voiced a concern that high school students are insufficiently encouraged to select college preparatory courses. Most colleges and universities have based admission decisions on high school grade point averages and college entrance examination scores. Therefore, many high school students have opted for less demanding courses, and for the relative ease of earning high grades, but subsequently enter postsecondary institutions with insufficient background in some critical subject matter areas (Estee, 1983).
Counseling For Mexican-American College Students, Ted Robert Johnson
Counseling For Mexican-American College Students, Ted Robert Johnson
Graduate Research Papers
The concept of the American "melting pot" is giving way to a country which celebrates ethnic diversity. This can be seen in the Mexican-American population, which is a large part of the rapidly growing Hispanic population. The latter includes large numbers of Cuban American, Puerto Ricans, and peoples whose heritage stems from Central and South America. The Hispanic population in the United States increased 61% between 1970 and 1980, from 9. 1 mill ion to 14.6 million (Ford Foundation, 1984). Extrapolating a continued pattern of growth, some experts believe that Blacks and Hispanics combined will surpass Whites as the nation's …
Paradox As A Family Ingredient, Katherine L. Fluke
Paradox As A Family Ingredient, Katherine L. Fluke
Graduate Research Papers
Several problems are evident when examining the use of paradox in family therapy. Experts in the field vary on the definition of paradox; how to label and categorize paradox; when to use or not use paradox; and the very nature of paradox as a therapy ingredient. Many experts express the opinion that paradox is part of the essence of life and relationships, particularly the therapist/client relationship. In this paper it will be assumed the reader has a knowledge of family· therapy and a frame of reference or theory base from which they operate. How paradox can be defined; the nature …
Understanding Why Children And Adolescents Attempt Suicide, Michael Thomas Brinkman
Understanding Why Children And Adolescents Attempt Suicide, Michael Thomas Brinkman
Graduate Research Papers
Until recently, childhood suicidal behavior has been a relatively neglected area of systematic research and clinical concern (Wells & Stuart, 1980). There were several contributing issues. First, completed suicide among children was considered to be rare. Second, it was believed that, due to a lack of physical prowess, youngsters could not affect a fatal self-injury. Third, because children under ten may not realize that death is final, it was thought that, by definition, youngsters could not be considered suicidal. Consequently, vital statistics do not catalog self-killing as a cause of death in children under ten.
A Formative Assessment Of The Developmental Education Program At Hawkeye Institute Of Technology: 1980 To Present, Christie Marie Method Kangas
A Formative Assessment Of The Developmental Education Program At Hawkeye Institute Of Technology: 1980 To Present, Christie Marie Method Kangas
Graduate Research Papers
Open door admissions policies are no longer a new occurrence in American higher education. The advent of these policies brought a new clientele to colleges and universities. Federal programs and legislation combined to increase access for previously underrepresented populations such as minorities, women, lower socioeconomic groups, and the handicapped, including the learning disabled. By the 1970s, older adults were returning to campuses in increasing numbers (Maxwell, 1980).
Models Of Relationship And Problem Solving Training For Peer Counselors, Grace Smith
Models Of Relationship And Problem Solving Training For Peer Counselors, Grace Smith
Graduate Research Papers
One of the major considerations in the field of mental health had been the use and training of paraprofessionals in the helping process (Brown, 1974). Also called lay helpers or peer counselors, paraprofessionals are trained in using the basic skills of helping whether they are working in school or agency settings (Myrick & Emery, 1979). Peer counselors use these skills to enhance the functioning of professionals by adding to the number and range of people who can be helped, and by making sure that those who need professional help are referred (Rockwell & Dustin, 1979). In this way the visibility …
The Role Of Student Services In The Adjustment Process Of International Students, Debra L. Valdez
The Role Of Student Services In The Adjustment Process Of International Students, Debra L. Valdez
Graduate Research Papers
As the number of international students on American campuses continues to increase, institutions must constantly deal with the responsibilities they have to this special group of students. Responsibilities and obligations are assumed when the institution admits international students into its various programs (Cieslak, 1955; NAFSA, 1979). Cieslak (1955) noted that the kind and extent of the aid provided to international students is dependent on the number of these students on a given campus and the philosophy a particular institution holds in dealing with such a group.
The Wives Of Alcoholics: Three Models, Amy Moeller
The Wives Of Alcoholics: Three Models, Amy Moeller
Graduate Research Papers
Literature concerning wives of alcoholics has changed its focus dramatically during the past fifty years, moving through three different trends. The earliest model, called the "disturbed personality model," was the dominant point of view from the 1930's into the 1950's. It held that a woman who is in some way psychologically maladjusted - dependent, hostile, domineering, masochistic, sadistic - marries the alcoholic to fulfill her own neurotic needs.
Effects Of Maternal Employment On Children, Dianne Elizabeth Rider
Effects Of Maternal Employment On Children, Dianne Elizabeth Rider
Graduate Research Papers
The movement of females into the working force is a significant social change affecting families in the United States today. Changes taking place in the structure and lifestyle of the dual-working family have been studied by several researchers. Hall and Hall (1979) report that 42% of couples living in the United States are both employed. The traditional style of family ceases to be the norm (Hall & Hall, 1979; Bennett & Reardon, 1985; Hoffman, 1979, 1980; Hohenshil, Hummel & Maddy-Bernstein, 1980). In the early 1980s, only 7 out of 100 United States families consisted of a working father, an unemployed …
School Climate And The Role Of The Principal, Mike Williams
School Climate And The Role Of The Principal, Mike Williams
Graduate Research Papers
"There is something unique to each individual school and that something is climate" (Kalis, 1980, p.89). In the past decade much descriptive research has focused on effective schooling and has identified school climate as a quality indicator. "School climate may be defined as those qualities of a school that affect the attitudes, behavior and achievement of the people involved in its operation-students, staff, parents and members of the community" (National Association of Elementary School Principals (NAESP], 1984, p.18). Kelly (1980) defines school climate as feelings of satisfaction, how the needs of the individual are met in the environment, and productivity, …
Group Counseling: An Effective Model For Middle Level Education, Janice M. Ruhde
Group Counseling: An Effective Model For Middle Level Education, Janice M. Ruhde
Graduate Research Papers
Guidance has been proclaimed by the National Association of Secondary School Principals (NASSP) as one of the main functions of middle level education in the United States, as outlined in its newsletter Schools In The Middle, September, 1985. Guidance programs are major reference points for determining the appropriateness of any program changes for the middle level, i.e., remedial or modified curriculum, student extra-curricular activities and involvement, and provisions for accelerated and advanced students.
Business/Education Partnerships, Rosalie L. Head
Business/Education Partnerships, Rosalie L. Head
Graduate Research Papers
The involvement of business in education is not new. For the first half of this century that interest was pervasive. Almost all school board members were business and professional men. Public school management was modeled on business management. Business leaders and educators agreed that one important objective of education was the preparation of youth for a productive work life. Curricula, testing, placement, and counseling programs were developed to meet that objective (Timpane, 1984).
Why The Christian Day School Phenomenon, Alan J. Jensen
Why The Christian Day School Phenomenon, Alan J. Jensen
Graduate Research Papers
In the last twenty years the Christian day school's enrollment has soared. There are many estimates as to the number of such schools and the number of pupils in attendance. Some schools are so independent they refuse to report enrollment and other related data to any church school organization much less to a state or federal education agency. The United States now has approximately five to six thousand Christian day schools with enrollment estimated over one million pupils (Reese, 1985).
Educating The American Indian, Barbara Blin Milder
Educating The American Indian, Barbara Blin Milder
Graduate Research Papers
Indian educational boarding schools gained popularity in the United States after the Civil War, with the government's intention to assimilate the children into the white culture. By 1878 the Indians were located on reservations, but school facilities to accommodate only about 20% were available (Smith, 1976, p. 164). Originally considered a solution to the "Indian problem," the boarding school system became part of the problem.
The Test-Anxious Student, Joan Carol Cagley
The Test-Anxious Student, Joan Carol Cagley
Graduate Research Papers
Ginny is a 25 year old nursing student who returned to school to become a Registered Nurse following several years of practice as a Licensed Practical Nurse. In class she rarely or never asked a question. When called on she blushed and kept her eyes lowered. After failing several examinations, Ginny came to see the writer for help. She expressed surprise that she wasn't doing very well as she studied many hours for each exam. She reported that she worried a great deal about continuing to fail examinations and was really disgusted with herself. Ginny related an astonishing array of …
Stress And Coping Among Nurses, Janet Kratzer Stephan
Stress And Coping Among Nurses, Janet Kratzer Stephan
Graduate Research Papers
In the past thirty years, stress in American society has been examined from a myriad of aspects. Researchers have approached the study of stress and its resultant complications from a sociological base (McGrath, 1956) and a psychological base (Gentry & Parkes, 1982). Stress has been explored as industrial stress (McLean, 1974). Conditions of social class variables (Syme & Berkman, 1976) and the stresses of working women (Jacobsen, 1982) have been documented. No matter what aspect or approach these researchers used, the basic definition of stress in all of these discussions continues to be one formed by Dr. Hans Selye. Selye …
The Role Of The Secondary School Counselor As Perceived By Counselors And Teachers, Wayne Kent Van Veldhuizen
The Role Of The Secondary School Counselor As Perceived By Counselors And Teachers, Wayne Kent Van Veldhuizen
Graduate Research Papers
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the perceptions of secondary teachers regarding the role of the secondary school counselor. In addition, teacher-counselor perception comparisons of the counselor's role will be made to illustrate existing areas of conflict and of agreement. A review of the literature including both empirical and non-empirical studies from 1962 to 1985 will form the basis for this research. The following section will briefly indicate the importance of role perception concerns among practicing counselors and selected factors which influence role perceptions.
Using Senior Citizen Volunteers In Public Schools, Kari R. Gunderson
Using Senior Citizen Volunteers In Public Schools, Kari R. Gunderson
Graduate Research Papers
A generation ago, the term school volunteer meant "parent" volunteer, and the roles of these volunteers were limited. Most elementary schools welcomed parents as chaperons for field trips, room mothers, and to assist with endless housekeeping and clerical tasks that freed the teacher to teach. They welcomed them at school to shelve and process books, collect money for photographs, and weigh and measure children. School volunteers were virtually non-existent in junior and senior high schools (NSVP, 1978). School volunteers today come from many sources and provide a wide range of services for many schools, even at the secondary level (Purcell, …
Effects Of Lifestyle Variables On Commuter Student Grade Point Average, Satisfaction, Attrition And Personal Growth, Steven Vincent Langerud
Effects Of Lifestyle Variables On Commuter Student Grade Point Average, Satisfaction, Attrition And Personal Growth, Steven Vincent Langerud
Graduate Research Papers
Commuter students represent 80% of the undergraduate students in the United States (Stewart and Rue, 1983), and projections rise to 90% for the near future (Hardwick and Kazlo, 1977). While commuter students seek the same benefits from higher education as resident students, their lifestyles vary considerably. Programs developed for traditional, residential students fail to meet the needs of non-resident students, traditional or non-traditional. Stewart and Rue (1983) found commuter students easy to ignore, because they generally arrive on campus after student affairs personnel go home. Ignoring commuter student programming prevents 1 the involvement Astin (1984) considers vital for student development. …
Gender Considerations In Courses Selected By Secondary Students, Margaret Jean Moser Flathmann
Gender Considerations In Courses Selected By Secondary Students, Margaret Jean Moser Flathmann
Graduate Research Papers
Course selection by secondary students has been studied from many different perspectives over the past decade. Intellectual ability, social class, and cultural distinctions have been discussed as causes of segregation in course selection. A less studied causal factor of segregation in course selection has been. gender differentiation. Recently, a well publicized concern has surfaced regarding the lack of women entering the fields of mathematics and science, particularly at advanced levels. Investigations have disclosed that even at the high school level, females have not chosen mathematics and . . science courses. Some researchers argued that it was mathematical reasoning ability that …
Non-Traditional Students: Recruitment Strategies And Their Effectiveness, Denise M. Fasse
Non-Traditional Students: Recruitment Strategies And Their Effectiveness, Denise M. Fasse
Graduate Research Papers
In recent years, there has been considerable change in the student population in postsecondary education. At one time, a college campus consisted primarily of students who were 18 to 22 years of age. A decline in this population has been occurring for several years and is predicted to continue. "There will simply be fewer youngsters coming through grade school and high school in the 1990's. They have already been born" (Hruby, 1984, p.4). At the same time, the number of older, non-traditional students has been increasing on college campuses. According to Brodzinski (1980), the number of students who were at …
Adjustment Factors Of Married College Students, Curtis E. Jones
Adjustment Factors Of Married College Students, Curtis E. Jones
Graduate Research Papers
Various studies indicate that the married student Population in American universities and colleges ranges from 20-25 percent of total enrollments at various times. According to the Bureau of the Census, Current Population Report for 1981, 20.3 percent of all college students 14-34 years old were married.
A Review Of The Costs Of Teacher Absenteeism And Methods To Improve Teacher Attendance, Mark Steven Hanson
A Review Of The Costs Of Teacher Absenteeism And Methods To Improve Teacher Attendance, Mark Steven Hanson
Graduate Research Papers
If the totality of satisfactions that an employee obtains from the different aspects of his work situation were not enough to cause him to invest the extra energy occasionally required to get to the job, the employee would be absent from work (Metzner and Mann, 1953). This observation dealt with factors relating to motivating a teacher to go to work. Wh11e this observation is not always applicable, it is an example of a real situation that contributes toward the problem of teacher absenteeism. Teacher absenteeism 1s not a new problem and has been the focus of a great deal of …