Education Commons^™

Voices Of Women High School Principals, Ellen Eckman

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This study presents the challenges women face in educational administration from the perspective of female high school principals. Eight women high school principals participated in the qualitative study that focused on their careers, the conflicts between their personal and professional roles, and the impact of gender on the high school principalship. The participants acknowledged the importance of encouragement and mentoring in their decisions to become high school principals. They continued to be affected by the male image of the high school principal. They sought support from other female leaders as well as offered mentoring to women aspiring to administrative positions. …

Performance Of A Brief Assessment Tool For Identifying Substance Use Disorders, Todd Campbell, Norman G. Hoffman, Michael B. Madson, Timothy Melchert

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Objective: Evaluation of the performance of a brief assessment tool for identifying substance use disorders. The Triage Assessment for Addictive Disorders (TAAD) is a triage instrument that provides professionals with a tool to evaluate indications of current substance use disorders in accordance with the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. The TAAD is a 31-item structured interview that addresses both alcohol and other drug issues to discriminate among those with no clear indications of a diagnosis, those with definite, current indications of abuse or dependence, and those with inconclusive diagnostic indications.

Methods: Employing a sample of 1325 women between the ages of 18 …

Rebooting The Promise Of Technology In The Classroom: Review Of Oversold And Underused: Computers In The Classroom By Larry Cuban, Heidi Schweizer, Carrianne H. Hayslett, Robert Lowe

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Alcohol And Other Drug Abuse Counselors’ Attitudes And Resources For Integrating Research And Practice, Todd Campbell, Lynn A. Catlin, Timothy P. Melchert

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The state of Wisconsin recently launched a Research-to-Practice Initiative. One aspect of the Wisconsin initiative was to survey Wisconsin-Certified Alcohol and other Drug Abuse Counselors (CADCs) to assess their attitudes, reported practices, and resources in regard to the integration of research and practice. The sample for the present study included 366 CADCs. Of the 366 respondents, 62 percent (n = 226) were female and 38 percent (n = 140) were male. The respondents were primarily Caucasian (90 percent) with the remaining respondents identifying as African American (4 percent), Native American (2 percent), Hispanic (1 percent), and Asian American …

Reading Reminder: A New Tool For Scaffolding Strategic Readers, Bill Henk

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

One Family At A Time: A Prevention Program For At-Risk Parents, Bonnie Nicholson, Michelle Anderson, Robert A. Fox, Viktor Brenner

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a psychoeducational parenting program with at-risk parents of young children. At-risk was defined as excessive parental use of verbal and corporal punishment combined with low-income status. All families were seen for 10 weeks, either individually or in very small groups. Results showed that compared with the control group, parents participating in the program significantly decreased their levels of verbal and corporal punishment, anger, stress, and reported child behavior problems; results were maintained at follow-up. Implications for counselors are provided.

Maternal Factors Related To Parenting Young Children With Congenital Heart Disease, Lynn K. Carey, Bonnie C. Nicholson, Robert A. Fox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare the early child-rearing practices between mothers of young children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and mothers of healthy children. In addition, maternal stress, parental developmental expectations, and the early behavioral and emotional development of their children were explored. Maccoby’s (1992) socialization theory emphasizing the reciprocal nature of mother-child interactions provided the framework for this study. Findings from quantitative self-report measures and videotaped parent-child interactions showed a remarkable similarity between mothers of children with CHD and mothers of healthy children. In contrast, qualitative data revealed important differences with mothers of CHD children reporting …

Culture Counts: Examinations Of Recent Applications Of The Penn Resiliency Program Or, Toward A Rubric For Examining Cultural Appropriateness Of Prevention Programming, Shane J. Lopez, Lisa M. Edwards, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Alicia Ito, Heather N. Rasmussen

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

It is imperative that researchers pay close attention to the influences of culture on mental health, and acknowledge a cultural context of illness and change when designing prevention programming. Researchers E. V. Cardemil, K. J. Reivich, and M. E. P. Seligman (2002) and D. L. Yu and M. E. P. Seligman (2002) have made attempts at adapting the existing Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) for culturally appropriate use cross-culturally and interculturally. The success of these modifications is discussed within a framework of guidelines designed to remind scientists how much culture counts. Finally, informative resources and a rubric are shared with …

Depression And Anxiety In Roman Catholic Secular Clergy, Sarah Knox, Stephen G. Virginia, John P. Lombardo

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

A nationally selected random sample of Roman Catholic secular priests was investigated using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y. Additionally, a Self-Report Inventory requested information regarding participants' demographics as well as four categories of predictor variables (i.e., Vocational Satisfaction, Social Support, Spiritual Activities, Physical Environment) potentially associated with depression and anxiety. The study yielded a return rate of 64%. Secular clergy reported significantly greater depression and anxiety (both state and trait) than are reported in the general population. Low Vocational Satisfaction was found to be predictive of depression as well as both state …

An Exploration Of Hope In Catholic School Students, Diane Mcdermott, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa M. Edwards, Angela M. Houske

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Hope is a valuable asset for children, adolescents, and adults. Individuals with high hope are better able to navigate around obstacles by using pathways and agency thoughts toward their goals. Studies with children and adults have demonstrated that hope is related to several positive constructs, including academic and athletic ability, problem solving and coping, physical health, and psychological adjustment. This study explores hope in Catholic school students. Because Catholic schools provide a unique faith community for their students, a better understanding of the characteristics of children in these settings is important. Analyses showed that Catholic school students' hope scores were …

Hierarchical Factor Analysis Of The Quick Discrimination Index, Alan W. Burkard, James Jones, Michael Johll

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Prior factor analytic studies of the Quick Discrimination Index (QDI) have used principal components factor analysis to develop and validate a three-factor structure with a racially heterogeneous sample. In this investigation, Study 1 explored the factor structure of the QDI with a sample of 428 White university students using a hierarchical factor analysis. The analysis showed that a structure with four first-order factors and one second-order factor was the best fit for the data. Study 2 tested the original three-factor structure and a higher order factor structure from Study 1 in a confirmatory factor analysis using a sample of 363 …

A Positive Relationship Between Religious Faith And Forgiveness: Faith In The Absence Of Data?, Lisa M. Edwards, Regina H. Lapp-Rincker, Jeana L. Magyar-Moe, Jason D. Rehfeldt, Jamie A. Ryder, Jill C. Brown, Shane J. Lopez

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Religious faith and beliefs appear to play an important role in the lives of many individuals and are the topic of much research. The present study investigated the relationship between religious faith and forgiveness in a sample (n = 196) of college students. Students were asked to complete the Heartland Forgiveness Scale and the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith Questionnaire. Analyses of scores on both measures revealed a positive, significant correlation between these constructs, suggesting that there is a meaningful relationship between religious faith and the tendency to forgive. Implications and directions for further research are discussed.

Quality Control In Online Courses: Using A Social Constructivist Framework, Heidi Schweizer, Joan Whipp, Carrianne H. Hayslett

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

There has recently been increased interest in the quality of online courses. Faculty from the School of Education at Marquette University suggest using social constructivist theories in the design and development of online courses and in the training and pedagogy of online instructors to ensure quality in online courses. Quality can be designed into online courses by focusing on complex tasks, using multiple perspectives, establishing a learning community, encouraging the social negotiation of meaning and providing assistance for learners at various levels. While good design can go a long way to ensure quality in online courses, the quality of the …

Self-Disclosure (Book Chapter), Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Women High School Principals: Perspectives On Role Conflict, Role Commitment, And Job Satisfaction, Ellen Eckman

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This study is an investigation of women high school principals in terms of the challenges they face, role conflicts they experience, their role commitment, and their job satisfaction. The purpose is to describe women high school principals addressing the issue of the continued underrepresentation of women in the high school principalship. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from women high school principals in Illinois, Minnesota, and Wisconsin. The findings indicate that role conflict impacts career decisions—respondents delayed entering the high school principalship until the demands of raising their children had lessened. Role conflict is inversely related to job satisfaction; the …

Examining The Milwaukee Parent Choice Program: Options Or Opportunities?, Robert Lowe, Joan Whipp

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Note On Comparability Of Microcog Test Forms, Shane J. Lopez, Lisa M. Edwards, R. Keith Floyd, Jeana L. Magyar-Moe, Jason D. Rehfeldt, Jamie A. Ryder

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This study investigated the differences between the Standard and Short forms of MicroCog by comparing Domain scores for a clinical sample of 351 substance abusers which gave a significant difference between scores on the Spatial Processing Domain. Implications for research and clinical use are discussed.

Guarding The Sacred Fires: Elizabeth E. Farrell's Contributions To The Creation Of Special Education In New York City, Kimberly E. Kode

Dissertations (1934 -)

The department Farrell founded became a model for those that followed, causing a ripple effect in the practice of teaching and the organization of school systems across the United States. Further, Farrell's involvement in professional organizations such as the Council for Exceptional Children and the New York State Psychological Association established the basis for a special education professional network, still in existence---and thriving-- today. Although a few short biographical pieces on Farrell are available, and she is referenced in numerous journal articles in the area of special education history, there has been no detailed account of Farrell's life and accomplishments. …

Self-Disclosure, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

A review of the analog literature about therapist self-disclosure suggests that nonclients generally have positive perceptions of therapist self-disclosures. A review of the naturalistic psychotherapy literature indicates that therapist self-disclosure occurs infrequently, is used more often by humanistic-experiential than psychoanalytic therapists, is most often about professional background than about intimate personal details, is used for many different reasons, is used cautiously by therapists, and is helpful in the immediate process of therapy. Effects of therapist self-disclosure on the ultimate outcome of therapy are less clear. Limitations of the research (poor and inconsistent definitions and lack of a clinically appropriate methodology …

Prejudice And Racism: Challenges And Progress In Measurement, Alan W. Burkard, Barbara R. Medler, Michael Allen Boticki

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The intent of this chapter is to review three categories of prejudice measures that practitioners and researchers can use in practice or research. Given that a recent comprehensive review of self-report racial prejudice measures was completed by Biernat and Crandall (1999), this chapter focuses on new developments in self-report measures of racial and anti-gay prejudice. Anti -gay prejudice is an important clinical and research area, and to date, only a few critical reviews of instruments measuring negative attitudes toward gay men and lesbian women have appeared in the literature (Herek, 1994; O'Donohue & Caselles, 1993; Schwanberg, 1993). Emerging prejudice measurement …

Rethinking Knowledge And Pedagogy In Dental Education, Joan Whipp

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Dentistry as a profession has often been considered both art and science. Traditional dental education has attempted to address both; however, in many places only the science of dentistry is emphasized. The move toward competency-based curricula in dental education requires an expansion of what constitutes meaningful knowledge in the curriculum and what pedagogies best support that curriculum. The scientific and technical knowledge considered foundational to clinical practice is not sufficient to teach competencies associated with the art of dentistry. Habermas, a social scientist, offers a way of looking beyond technical knowledge to consider two other forms of knowledge: practical and …

Meeting Psychological Needs In Web-Based Courses For Teachers, Joan Whipp, Heidi Schweizer

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Two teacher educators describe their efforts to design and deliver online graduate courses for practicing teachers that meet psychological needs for belonging, freedom, power and fun (Glasser, 1999). Strategies to promote belonging include welcome letters, icebreaker and cooperative learning activities, personal Web pages, liberal office hours, private e-mail messages, and personalized responses to student postings, and public acknowledgement of student accomplishments. To ensure freedom for all participants the authors use minimum participation requirements, clear but flexible deadlines, multiple project options, Internet links, and access to all students' work and projects. To empower their students, the authors provide ample technical support, …

Clarifying The Effects Of Parental Substance Abuse, Child Sexual Abuse, And Parental Caregiving On Adult Adjustment, Timothy Melchert

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Parental alcoholism, childhood sexual abuse, and other forms of child maltreatment are generally viewed as contributing to adult adjustment problems. The long-term effects of these various factors, however, are actually not well understood. The present study found that the largest amount of variance in 255 college students' psychological distress was explained by parental emotional abuse and neglect, with child sexual abuse, parental substance abuse, and other factors explaining additional but smaller amounts of variance in distress. This suggests that comprehensive conceptualizations of family influences on development will result in a more complete understanding of long-term adjustment outcomes than merely focusing …

A Reading Lesson Observation Framework For Elementary Teachers, Principals, And Literacy Supervisors, Bill Henk, Jesse C. Moore, Barbara A. Marinak, Barry W. Tomasetti

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Henk et al present a framework which will provide reference points for assessment and help refine instructional practices in reading.

Parenting Among Hispanic And Anglo-American Mothers With Young Children, Pablo G. Cardona, Bonnie C. Nicholson, Robert A. Fox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The authors examined parenting practices and developmental expectations among 38 Hispanic and 38 Anglo-American mothers living in the United States. Mothers of children 3 to 5 years of age completed the Parent Behavior Checklist (R. A. Fox, 1994), a 100-item measure of parents' developmental expectations, discipline, and nurturing practices. In addition, the authors appraised the Hispanic mothers' acculturation and selected them for participation if their scores on an acculturation scale indicated (a) that their lifestyle was predominantly Hispanic and (b) that they had not been assimilated into the dominant culture. The 2 ethnic groups were also divided by socioeconomic status …

Parenting Young Children: Comparison Of A Psychoeducational Program In Mexico And The United States, Pedro R. Solís-Cámara, Robert A. Fox, Bonnie C. Nicholson

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to compare the cross-cultural effectiveness of a psychoeducational program with 82 Mexican and 63 American mothers with very young children. The 10-hour program was presented by trained facilitators in Mexico and the United States to small groups of mothers. Results showed that the both groups of mothers significantly increased their expectations and use of nurturing strategies and reduced their use of verbal and corporal punishment with their young children following the program. In addition, the reported frequency of child behavior problems decreased significantly at post-test. The similar results obtained across cultures were explained based …

White Counselor Trainees' Racial Identity And Working Alliance Perceptions, Alan W. Burkard, Joseph Ponterotto, Amy Reynolds, Vincent Alfonso

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly affect cross-racial counseling relationships (Helms, 1984, 1995). This study examined the direct impact of White racial identity of 124 counselor trainees on working alliance formation in a same-racial and cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. Regardless of the race of the client, disintegration and reintegration attitudes negatively affected working alliance ratings, and pseudoindependent and autonomy attitudes positively affected working alliance ratings. Implications for counseling, supervision, training, and research are discussed.

Duty To Warn And Intervention With Hiv-Positive Clients, Timothy Melchert, Michele M. Patterson

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Complex ethical and legal issues are involved when an HIV-positive client presents a danger to others as a result of engaging in unprotected sex or needle sharing. This article presents a detailed assessment-and-intervention model that is based on the integration of ethical and legal principles with information about the level of risk associated with a client's behavior, the HIV status of the client, and the sexual or needle-sharing partner's awareness of the client's HIV status. Appropriate interventions, including the duty to warn, are identified for each of the risk levels.

Clients' Internal Representations Of Their Therapists, Sarah Knox, Julie L. Goldberg, Susan S. Woodhouse, Clara E. Hill

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Thirteen adults in long-term individual psychotherapy were interviewed regarding their internal representations (defined as bringing to awareness the internalized "image") of their therapists. Results indicated that in the context of a good therapeutic relationship, clients' internal representations combined auditory, visual, and kinesthetic (i.e., felt presence) modalities; were triggered when clients thought about past or future sessions, or when distressed; occurred in diverse locations; and varied in frequency, duration, and intensity. Clients felt positively about their representations and used them to introspect or influence therapy within sessions, beyond sessions, or both. The frequency of, comfort with, and use of clients' internal …

A Community-Based Parenting Program With Low-Income Mothers Of Young Children, Bonnie Nicholson, Viktor Brenner, Robert A. Fox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Research has established a significant relationship between certain parental characteristics. such as income or parenting practices, and the development of child behavior problems. This study evaluated the effectiveness of a parenting program for low-income parents of children one to five years old which was offered through community-based family resource centers. Seventy-one mothers completed the program and showed significant decreases in their use of verbal and corporal punishment and significant increases in nurturing behaviors: their children’s behavior also improved significantly. Forty-five percent of parents also met Jacobson and Truax’s (1991) criteria for clinically significant change. Implications for practitioners working With this …