Education Commons^™

Consensual Qualitative Research: An Update, Clara E. Hill, Sarah Knox, Barbara J. Thompson, Elizabeth Nutt Williams, Shirley A. Hess, Nicholas Ladany

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The authors reviewed the application of consensual qualitative research (CQR) in 27 studies published since the method’s introduction to the field in 1997 by C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, and E. N. Williams (1997). After first describing the core components and the philosophical underpinnings of CQR, the authors examined how it has been applied in terms of the consensus process, biases, research teams, data collection, data analysis, and writing up the results and discussion sections of articles. On the basis of problems that have arisen in each of these areas, the authors made recommendations for modifications of the method. …

Entry-Level Competencies Of New Student Affairs Professionals: A Delphi Study, Alan W. Burkard, Darnell Cole, Molly Ott, Tara Stoflet

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The study examines the perceptions of 104 mid- and senior-level student affairs administrators of positions, responsibilities, competencies, and theories important for professional practice for new student affairs professionals. In regard to competencies, the results of this study provide important information about preprofessional abilities that are integral to professional practice, and participants also identified several competencies not identified in prior research that may be important to positions involving high contact with students. These results, then, provide vital information for curriculum development in graduate preparation programs and for professional development training for new professionals.

Review Of Crossing Over To Canaan By Gloria Ladson-Billings, Sharon Chubbuck

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Self-Regulation In A Web-Based Course: A Case Study, Joan Whipp, Stephannie Chiarelli

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Little is known about how successful students in Web-based courses self-regulate their learning. This descriptive case study used a social cognitive model of self-regulated learning (SRL) to investigate how six graduate students used and adapted traditional SRL strategies to complete tasks and cope with challenges in a Web-based technology course; it also explored motivational and environmental influences on strategy use. Primary data sources were three transcribed interviews with each of the students over the course of the semester, a transcribed interview with the course instructor, and the students’ reflective journals. Archived course documents, including transcripts of threaded discussions and student …

E-Learning In Business, Heidi Schweizer

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

e-Learning is replacing face-to-face classroom instruction in a growing number of businesses, but what is the prospect for the continued proliferation of e-learning in business? On one hand, the quality of instruction, the cost effectiveness of new technology, a supportive e-learning educational culture, an expansion of the Internet, an increase in online courses, shorter business cycles, mergers, and increasing competition encourage business use of e-learning. On the other hand, employee reticence in using learning technologies, insufficient corporate investment, lack of business-relevant university courses, narrow bandwidth, and Internet access issues are constricting the business use of these technologies.

A Whole-Class Support Model For Early Literacy: The Anna Plan, Pamela A. Miles, Kathy W. Stegle, Karen G. Hubbs, Bill Henk, Marla H. Mallette

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The Anna Plan is a unique delivery model for enhancing schoolwide literacy instruction in the primary grades. Based on the principles of Reading Recovery and Four Blocks literacy instruction, it provides supplementary reading instruction through the distinctive use of teaching staff. Over six years, it has resulted in sweeping changes in the way literacy instruction occurs as well as noteworthy increases in children's reading abilities. This article gives a brief history of the authors' work within the Anna Plan, explains each of the model's seven tenets, and describes the research base that drives it. The focal point of the article …

Effect Of Therapist Color-Blindness On Empathy And Attributions In Cross-Cultural Counseling, Alan W. Burkard, Sarah Knox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Empathy and attributions of client responsibility for the cause of and solution to a problem were examined for 247 psychologists who were identified as having low, moderate, and high color-blind racial attitudes. Participants responded to 1 of 4 vignettes that controlled for client race (i.e., African American, European American) and client attributions regarding the cause (i.e., depression, discrimination) of a problem. Analyses revealed that the therapists’ level of color-blindness was directly related to their capacity for empathy and also to their attributions of responsibility for the solution to the problem with an African American client but not with a European …

Does Gender Make A Difference? Voices Of Male And Female High School Principals, Ellen Eckman

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Eckman examines the similarities and differences between how males and females experience the role of being a high school principal. He also provides insights into the high school principalship that can be useful to both males and females who might consider the position as a career choice.

Assessing Student Exposure To And Use Of Computer Technologies Through An Examination Of Course Syllabi, Michael B. Madson, Timothy P. Melchert, Joan Whipp

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

A syllabus analysis instrument was developed to assist program evaluators, administrators and faculty in the identification of skills that students use as they complete their college coursework. While this instrument can be tailored for use with a variety of learning domains, we used it to assess students' use of and exposure to computer technology skills. The reliability and validity of the instrument was examined through an analysis of 88 syllabi from courses within the teacher education program and the core curriculum at a private Midwest US university. Results indicate that the instrument has good inter‐rater reliability and ratings by and …

Similarities And Differences In Role Conflict, Role Commitment, And Job Satisfaction For Female And Male High School Principals, Ellen Eckman

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of gender, role conflict, role commitment, and job satisfaction on the high school principal. Data were collected from high school principals in three midwestern states. The results indicated that there are differences between female and male high school principals in their personal and professional attributes as well as in role conflict. There were similarities between female and male high school principals in terms of role commitment and job satisfaction.

Whiteness Enacted, Whiteness Disrupted: The Complexity Of Personal Congruence, Sharon Chubbuck

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This study of the enactment and disruption of Whiteness in two White secondary literacy teachers focuses on their life histories and their practice and policy in relation to students of color. Both teachers demonstrated some disruption of Whiteness as well as some continued enactment of Whiteness, despite their stated intentions. The findings indicate that neither an abolition of Whiteness nor a rearticulation of Whiteness includes a sufficiently complex understanding of how disruption of Whiteness is influenced by the interplay of personal identity, the need to maintain personal congruence, and the cultural constraints of Whiteness. The author suggests that the inclusion …

Neuropsychological Functioning Of Homeless Men, Cindy L. Solliday-Mcroy, Todd Campbell, Timothy P. Melchert, Terrence Young, Ron A. Cisler

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Numerous biological and psychological factors associated with impaired neurological functioning have been identified as common among the homeless, but there has been relatively little systematic examination of the cognitive functioning of homeless people. This study explored the neuropsychological functioning of 90 homeless men. There was great variability in their test scores, but the presence of possible cognitive impairment was detected in 80% of the sample. Average general intellectual functioning and reading abilities were found to be relatively low, and the incidence of impairments in reading, new verbal learning, memory, and attention and concentration was high. These findings suggest that the …

A New Pathway For The Preparation Of Highly Qualified Teachers: The Master Of Arts In Teaching (Mat), Donna M. Post, Kevin C. Wise, Bill Henk, John D. Mcintyre, R. Keith Hillkirkm

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This article reports on the development and initial implementation of a Master of Arts in Teaching (MAT) degree, an accelerated graduate program that encourages and scaffolds individuals with existing disciplinary expertise in entering the teaching profession. First, the context for developing the program is outlined. Next, the unique structure of the 15-month program, which consists of three blocks, is described. Expectations about students are then shared, quality control features of the program are highlighted, and the lessons we learned about program development and implementation are detailed. Finally, thoughts about the future of this program and others of its type are …

Cognitive Spirituality And Hope In Catholic High School Students, Bruce B. Frey, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti, Lisa M. Edwards, Diane M. Mcdermott

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This study explores the validity of a construct of cognitive spirituality as measured by a recent measure, the Spirituality Index of Well-Being, in a sample of Catholic high school students. Spirituality on this scale is conceptualized as a composite of life scheme (having meaning in one's life) and generalized self-efficacy. Construct-based validity evidence was produced through factor analysis and examination of correlations between the spirituality scale and subscale scores with scale and subscale scores on the Children's Hope Scale, a well-being indicator previously used for this population. In addition, differences between male and female students were found, with …

Reflections On History And Quality Education, Harvey Kantor, Robert Lowe

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

This essay questions the commonly held assumption that schools today are worse academically than they were in the past. It argues that schools have seldom been chiefly interested in intellectual inquiry. Nor have they ever been committed to providing a quality intellectual education to all students. We argue that if history has anything to tell us about quality education today, it is not that we must try to recapture a lost age of academic excellence but that we cannot create truly excellent schools without addressing the inequities that have long been embedded in them or without understanding how those marginalized …

Measuring Perceived Social Support In Mexican American Youth: Psychometric Properties Of The Multidimensional Scale Of Perceived Social Support, Lisa M. Edwards

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The utility of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) (Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988) was investigated within a sample of 290 Mexican American adolescents. Results suggested that the three-subscale structure (Family, Friends, and Significant Other) of the MSPSS was confirmed, and adequate internal reliability for the three scales was demonstrated as well. Support for construct validity was found by evaluating correlations from a perceived family support subscale as well as a satisfaction with family measure. It appears that the MSPSS is a useful measure for assessing perceived social support in Latino youth and as such can be …

The Strange History Of School Desegregation, Robert Lowe

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The past -- and future -- of desegregation in the United States.

Richard Kluger's Simple Justice After 29 Years: Simple Justice, Robert Lowe

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

The Influence Of Accelerated Reader On The Affective Literacy Orientations Of Intermediate Grade Students, Marla H. Mallette, Bill Henk, Steven A. Melnick

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Although the highly popular Accelerated Reader (AR) book reading incentive program claims to motivate children of all reading ability levels, very little independent empirical research has examined this assertion. To help fill this void, we used two related three-factor mixed designs with Method (AR vs. Control), Gender, and either Grade Level(fourth vs. fifth) or Reading Ability (high vs. low) to explore AR’s influence on the reading attitudes and self-perceptions of children in two comparable school districts. The analyses indicate that AR positively influenced academic reading attitudes, but not recreational ones, and that it negatively influenced two types of self-perceptions in …

Challenging Behaviors In Young Children: The Father's Role, Ann D. Burbach, Robert A. Fox, Bonnie C. Nicholson

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

In this study, the authors examined the parenting practices, developmental expectations, and stress levels of 136 fathers and the challenging and prosocial behaviors of their 1- to 5-year-old children. In addition, the authors systematically addressed fathers' qualitative concerns about their parenting. The authors divided the participants into 4 groups and controlled for family socioeconomic status (SES) and the focus child's gender. Results showed a significantly higher use of corporal and verbal punishment and parenting stress among lower income fathers. Secondary analyses demonstrated a significant effect of paternal disciplinary practices that emphasized the frequent use of corporal and verbal punishment on …

Utilizing The Strengths Of Our Cultures: Therapy With Biracial Women And Girls, Lisa M. Edwards, Jennifer Teramoto Pedrotti

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Historically, psychology has operated from a pathology-based perspective. In the last several years, however, efforts have been made to balance this view with an acknowledgement of individual strengths and assets. For biracial women and girls, this approach may be particularly useful. Through the utilization of several techniques, including solution-focused interventions and narrative approaches to treatment, therapists can empower their female biracial clients through development of their strengths.

The Writing Observation Framework: A Guide For Refining And Validating Writing Instruction, Bill Henk, Barbara A. Marinak, Jesse C. Moore, Marla H. Mallette

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

The Writing Observation Framework (WOF) is a new tool for enhancing writing instruction in schools. The WOF organizes principles of writing instruction In a way that improves the evaluation of teachers' writing practices, encourages a shared philosophy of the writing process and its instruction, and assists schools in demonstrating the integrity of their writing programs.

White Racial Identity Attitudes As A Predictor Of Cross-Cultural Working Alliances, Alan W. Burkard, Michele Juarez-Huffaker, Kativa Ajmere

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Racial identity has been theorized to significantly influence cross-racial counseling relationships. In this study, the authors examined the influence of White racial identity on working alliance perceptions in a cross-racial vicarious counseling analogue. A significant interaction effect was found between race of the counselor vignette and White racial identity attitudes.

Se ha teorizado que la identidad racial influye significativamente en las relaciones consejeras multirraciales. En esta investigación, los autores examinan la influencia de la identidad racial Blanca en las percepciones de alianza vigente en un equivalente vicario de la consejería multirracial. Se descubrió un efecto significante de interacción entre la …

African American And European American Therapists’ Experiences Of Addressing Race In Cross-Racial Psychotherapy Dyads, Sarah Knox, Alan W. Burkard, Adanna Jinaki Johnson, Lisa A. Suzuki, Joseph G. Ponterotto

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Using Consensual Qualitative Research, 12 licensed psychologists’ overall experiences addressing race in psychotherapy were investigated, as were their experiences addressing race in a specific cross-racial therapy dyad. Results indicated that only African American psychologists reported routinely addressing race with clients of color or when race was part of a client’s presenting concern. European American psychologists indicated that they would address race if clients raised the topic, and some reported that they did not normally address race with racially different clients. When discussing a specific cross-racial dyad, African American therapists more often than European American therapists addressed race because they perceived …

Scaffolding Critical Reflection In Online Discussions: Helping Prospective Teachers Think Deeply About Field Experiences In Urban Schools, Joan Whipp

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

A teacher educator uses the methodology of a design experiment to compare patterns and levels of reflection in two semesters of her students’ e-mail discussions about field experiences in urban schools. Analysis of discussion transcripts during the earlier semester revealed that higher levels of reflection were rare. With a number of changes in both the design and level of support for the discussions, students during the second semester were more inclined to write at higher levels of reflection. Important scaffolds for higher levels of reflection seemed to be tailored and general questioning from the instructor and peers, critical readings on …

I Sensed You With Me The Other Day: A Review Of The Theoretical And Empirical Literature On Clients’ Internal Representations Of Therapists, Sarah Knox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

Treatment Or Accommodation For Adults With Challenging Behaviors, Robert A. Fox

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

A Qualitative Examination Of Graduate Advising Relationships:The Advisee Perspective, Lewis Z. Schlosser, Sarah Knox, Alissa R. Moskovitz, Clara E. Hill

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Sixteen 3rd-year counseling psychology doctoral students were interviewed about their relationships with their graduate advisors. Of those students, 10 were satisfied and 6 were unsatisfied with their advising relationships. Satisfied and unsatisfied students differed on several aspects of the advising relationship, including (a) the ability to choose their advisors, (b) the frequency of meetings with their advisors, (c) the benefits and costs associated with their advising relationships, and (d) how conflict was dealt with in the advising relationship. Furthermore, all of the satisfied students reported that their advising relationships became more positive over time, whereas many of the unsatisfied students …

“Here’S A Little Something For You”: How Therapists Respond To Client Gifts, Sarah Knox, Shirley A. Hess, Elizabeth Nutt Williams, Clara E. Hill

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Descriptions by 12 therapists of their experiences receiving tangible gifts from clients are examined. Using consensual qualitative research (C. E. Hill, B. J. Thompson, & E. N. Williams, 1997) therapists’ overall gift encounters and specifically identified gift events were explored. Results indicated that although clients rarely gave gifts, all of the participants had accepted gifts. Problematic gifts (i.e., ones that raised concern for therapists) were given at more provocative times than were unproblematic gifts (i.e., ones that evoked few concerns for therapists). Both types of gifts were given for various reasons (e.g., appreciation, manipulation, equalization). Participants reported positive and negative …

Addressing Health Disparities In Middle School Students’ Nutrition And Exercise, Marilyn Frenn, Shelly Malin, Naveen K. Bansal, Mary Delgado, Yvonne Greer, Michael Havice, Mary Ho, Heidi Schweizer

College of Education Faculty Research and Publications

Those with low income, especially women of African American and Hispanic heritage have the greatest risk of inactivity and obesity. A 4-session (Internet and video) intervention with healthy snack and gym labs was tested in 2 (gym lab in 1) urban low–middle-income middle schools to improve low fat diet and moderate and vigorous physical activity.1 The gym lab was particularly beneficial (p = .002). Fat in diet decreased with each Internet session in which students participated. Percentage of fat in food was reduced significantly p = .018 for Black, White, and Black/Native American girls in the intervention group. Interventions delivered …