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Full-Text Articles in Education

Mental Well-Being, Belonging, And Chronic Absenteeism: A Correlational Study, Crystal D. Woodall Nov 2025

Mental Well-Being, Belonging, And Chronic Absenteeism: A Correlational Study, Crystal D. Woodall

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Chronic absenteeism (CA) is an overwhelming issue facing schools in the United States. A lack of a student’s sense of belonging or signs of emotional symptoms are often red flags that can forecast future absenteeism problems with students. CA has been found to have a positive correlation with a student’s sense of belonging and emotional symptoms. Some CA interventions are geared toward increasing a student’s sense of belonging at school and or improvements in overall mental well-being. The purpose of this predictive correlational study was to examine the relationship between students’ self-reported levels of peer relationship problems and emotional symptoms, …


A Phenomenological Study Of Secondary Music Teachers And Their Experiences With Class Schedules In Central Virginia, Aliza Marie Nogueras Oct 2025

A Phenomenological Study Of Secondary Music Teachers And Their Experiences With Class Schedules In Central Virginia, Aliza Marie Nogueras

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

There is currently a lack of recognition for the unique influence of class schedules on music educators’ lived experiences in public-schools. This study examines how middle and high music class schedules play a role in music teacher’s curriculum development and overall well-being. Class schedules created without regard to musical instruction may create significant challenges for music teachers, reducing instructional time, disjointing curricula, and causing inconsistencies in delivering high-quality music education. Focusing on music teachers in Central Virginia, this hermeneutic phenomenological study highlights the specific lived experiences of public-school music educators. The central research questions explore how class schedules shape instructional …


Exploring How Collaboration Between General And Special Education Teachers Affects Self-Efficacy When Teaching Students Diagnosed With Emotional Disabilities In The Inclusive Classroom: A Qualitative Case Study, Liza K. Hyde Oct 2025

Exploring How Collaboration Between General And Special Education Teachers Affects Self-Efficacy When Teaching Students Diagnosed With Emotional Disabilities In The Inclusive Classroom: A Qualitative Case Study, Liza K. Hyde

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to explore the self-efficacy of general education and special education teachers at XYZ school district. The theory guiding this study was Bandura’s self-efficacy theory. The central research question was: How does collaboration between general and special education teachers affect their self-efficacy when working with students with emotional disabilities? This qualitative case study explored general and special education teachers’ real-life experiences while collaborating and teaching students with emotional disabilities in the secondary inclusive classroom. The total number of participants (10) were interviewed, allowed to collaborate in focus groups, and completed a reflective letter writing …


Generation Z And The Church: A Phenomenological Study Of Perceptions, Barriers, And Opportunities For Church Engagement, Hector Albert Soto Oct 2025

Generation Z And The Church: A Phenomenological Study Of Perceptions, Barriers, And Opportunities For Church Engagement, Hector Albert Soto

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to examine the perceptions, barriers, and opportunities that shape the relationship between Generation Z and the Christian church, with particular attention to how these factors influence patterns of engagement. Recent trends indicated a significant decline in church engagement among Generation Z, contributing to the erosion of vital resources necessary for the sustained vitality of contemporary Christian congregations (Barna, 2020; Braddy, 2021; Earls, 2020). The study was guided by three research questions: 1) What Generation Z variables did the church need to focus on to attract and retain Gen Z (e.g., social concerns, leadership …


From Food Desert To Food Security: Implementing Change Through The Augusta Dream Center, Marté Antione Gifford Oct 2025

From Food Desert To Food Security: Implementing Change Through The Augusta Dream Center, Marté Antione Gifford

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this project is to design and implement a community garden, supplemented by local farmer partnerships, at the Augusta Dream Center (ADC) to address food insecurity in the Central Savannah River Area (CSRA) by providing fresh produce, fostering nutrition education, and promoting long-term health equity. This project is driven by the urgent need to reduce health disparities that result from limited access to healthy foods, particularly the elevated risks of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in low-income and minority communities. The CSRA faces unique challenges as it contains both food deserts, where healthy food options are scarce, and …


A Phenomenological Study Of Transition Services And Self-Advocacy For The Visually Impaired, Catherine S. Holloway Oct 2025

A Phenomenological Study Of Transition Services And Self-Advocacy For The Visually Impaired, Catherine S. Holloway

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the self-advocacy skills used in transition services for visually impaired (VI) students who graduated from a public school in the southeastern United States. Bandura’s social cognitive theory expands on the importance of self-efficacy. It highlights the self-advocacy skills utilized to empower VI individuals to achieve goals and progress in post-secondary employment or education. The description of VI students’ self-advocacy experiences expanded on the exploratory nature of transition services and how they impacted VI students’ self-advocacy. The study used a hermeneutical phenomenological approach to the lived experiences of VI students from G …


The Lived Experiences And Perspectives Of Higher Education Faculty Regarding The Use Of Artificial Intelligence Writing Tools On Students' Coursework: A Phenomenological Study, Kalary T. Driggers Oct 2025

The Lived Experiences And Perspectives Of Higher Education Faculty Regarding The Use Of Artificial Intelligence Writing Tools On Students' Coursework: A Phenomenological Study, Kalary T. Driggers

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to understand the lived experiences and perspectives of higher education faculty in the Southeastern United States on student use of artificial intelligence writing tools in their coursework. The theory guiding this study was Rogers’ diffusion of innovations, which considers the acceptance of innovations over time. The central research question for this study was, “What are the lived experiences and perspectives of higher education faculty regarding the use of artificial intelligence writing tools on student coursework in higher education?” This study employed a transcendental phenomenological approach, as the researcher sought to understand the …


Exploring The Influence Of Servant Leadership Style On Staff Retention In The Early Childhood Education Industry: A Transcendental Phenomenology, Stacey Andrews Pipkins Oct 2025

Exploring The Influence Of Servant Leadership Style On Staff Retention In The Early Childhood Education Industry: A Transcendental Phenomenology, Stacey Andrews Pipkins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to discover whether the servant leadership style, which emphasizes supporting the needs of followers, could enhance the support of early childhood education (ECE) teachers and raise retention rates in the central Arkansas area. The theory guiding this study was Robert Greenleaf’s servant leadership theory, as it is best known for supporting the needs of followers. A review of relevant literature has found that ECE teachers are leaving the industry due to heavy workloads and a lack of support from leadership. The aim of this study was to investigate how the leadership style …


The Effects Of Personalized Learning On High School English Language Arts Students' Self-Perceived College And Career Readiness: A Phenomenological Study, Erica Hyneman Oct 2025

The Effects Of Personalized Learning On High School English Language Arts Students' Self-Perceived College And Career Readiness: A Phenomenological Study, Erica Hyneman

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to discover the lived experiences of personalized learning when implemented in a high school English language arts class for students at County High School. The theory guiding this study was constructivist learning theory, as it is the foundation for personalized learning. The central research question aimed to discover the lived experiences of personalized learning in a high school English language arts classroom. This transcendental phenomenological study included 12 participants enrolled in an 11th-grade English language arts class at County High School, a rural, public, Title I school in the deep south. Data was …


A Phenomenological Study Of Parent And Educator Perceptions Of Inclusive Education For Individuals With Disabilities, Karin Elizabeth Kawagoe Oct 2025

A Phenomenological Study Of Parent And Educator Perceptions Of Inclusive Education For Individuals With Disabilities, Karin Elizabeth Kawagoe

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This phenomenological qualitative study, grounded in disability theory, explores the lived experiences of parents and educators regarding inclusive education. At present, laws and regulations promote the inclusion of individuals with disabilities. Inclusion has evolved since the mid-1950s. The biblical foundation for inclusion draws on the life of Jesus. This study examined how concepts of belonging, willingness, perceptions of inclusion, and evidenced based practices manifest in perceptions of advocacy, empathy, flexibility, and collaboration. Data was collected using interviews with parents and educators. Thematic analysis revealed that parents’ experiences centered on advocacy, resilience, empathy, and compassion, reflecting feelings of isolation and being …


Barriers To Online Education: A Qualitative Study Of First-Generation Online Community College Students And The Barriers They Face, Caleb D. Leal Oct 2025

Barriers To Online Education: A Qualitative Study Of First-Generation Online Community College Students And The Barriers They Face, Caleb D. Leal

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to understand the barriers that first-generation community college students face when enrolling in online courses. The theory guiding this study is Bourdieu’s capital theory, which details possible barriers students may face when enrolling in online courses. The barriers associated with Bourdieu’s capital theory include economic, cultural, social, and technical. The method employed in this research is a qualitative phenomenological approach, focusing on the lived experiences of first-generation community college students enrolled in online courses. Using a hermeneutical approach, the research was focused on the stories and lived experiences of each participant. The study …


Autism Spectrum Disorder In The Music Classroom: An Undergraduate Curriculum, Hannah Warren Oct 2025

Autism Spectrum Disorder In The Music Classroom: An Undergraduate Curriculum, Hannah Warren

Masters Theses

The purpose of this applied research curriculum project is to prepare preservice music teachers to teach music to students with autism. It is vital to provide preservice music teachers with experience and knowledge about teaching music to students on the autism spectrum to better serve this population in schools. The setting of this study was college undergraduate music programs. The sample included 30 in-service K-12 music teachers. Qualitative questionnaires and quantitative surveys were collected via Google Forms. Quantitative data was analyzed for means of central tendency including mean, median, and mode. Quantitative data was displayed using Pearson product-moment correlation graph …


A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Educators In Nursing Programs Experiencing Changes In Academic Nurse Administrators From High Attrition, Anny Dionne Oct 2025

A Phenomenological Exploration Of The Lived Experiences Of Educators In Nursing Programs Experiencing Changes In Academic Nurse Administrators From High Attrition, Anny Dionne

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutical study was to describe and interpret the lived experiences of educators in nursing programs who experienced changes in academic nurse administrators at colleges and universities in a southern state in the United States. Nursing academic administrators influence the quality of nursing programs. Changes in academic administrators are experienced by educators of nursing programs, who, in turn, contribute to the students' learning experience. Stress is perceived differently in individuals. Lazarus and Folkman's transactional theory of stress and coping (TTSC) is the theory guiding this study. This theory examines how individuals interpret and react to events. The …


Secondary School Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics Student Readiness To Engage In Self-Directed Learning Strategies: A Causal-Comparative Quantitative Study, Michael Benitez Oct 2025

Secondary School Science, Technology, Engineering, And Mathematics Student Readiness To Engage In Self-Directed Learning Strategies: A Causal-Comparative Quantitative Study, Michael Benitez

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative causal-comparative study was to examine the relationship between science, technology, engineering, and mathematics students’ self-directed learning readiness and their current course grade in flipped classrooms, fully online courses, and classes with traditional instructional methods. Participants were high school students in central Texas. This study is important because self-directed learner readiness directly impacts student engagement and motivation, leading to better academic results in self-directed student-led instructional contexts, such as flipped classrooms and online learning. This study adds to the literature regarding self-directed learner readiness by examining the differences between three different instructional methods: traditional, flipped, and …


Qualitative Ethnographic Research On The Efficacy Of A Christian-Based Approach To Mentorship For Black Males, Arnold M. Campbell Oct 2025

Qualitative Ethnographic Research On The Efficacy Of A Christian-Based Approach To Mentorship For Black Males, Arnold M. Campbell

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study advanced qualitative research by identifying several statistical gaps in the social sciences related to leadership development, learning principles, character traits, and spiritual formation for a specific demographic of Black males. This researcher aimed to understand the efficacy of Christian-based actions through mentorship programs that intend to address social deficits. From a theological and theoretical context, this research literature review and observations focused on the practical Christian-based approaches to mentorship that provided a model to improve the lives of a specific demographic of Black males considered high-risk and vulnerable. The target group was raised in single-parent homes and attended …


Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Of Teacher Mentors While Working With New And Experienced Teachers In The Public School Setting In Southeast Tennessee, Vandy S. Watt Oct 2025

Exploring The Lived Experiences Of Of Teacher Mentors While Working With New And Experienced Teachers In The Public School Setting In Southeast Tennessee, Vandy S. Watt

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the lived experiences of teacher mentors working with new and experienced teachers in the public-school setting in southeast Tennessee. The theory guiding this study is Burns’ (1978) transformational leadership theory as it drives and influences the mentoring experiences of the individuals and the impact on the mentor and mentee. The central question was how do teacher mentors describe their experiences serving as mentors? To address this question, the study utilized 12 participants that had served as mentors in the secondary setting within the last three years. Participants were required to …


Advanced Artificial Intelligence Software In Mental Health Field Integrating Into Practice, Nazanin Azimi Hagjoo Oct 2025

Advanced Artificial Intelligence Software In Mental Health Field Integrating Into Practice, Nazanin Azimi Hagjoo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The integration of artificial intelligence software in health care has delivered revolutionary changes by enhancing efficiency, increasing accuracy, saving time, and improving clinician life balance. In very recent years, the mental health field also has started to be transformed by AI software; the adoption of AI technologies has helped to meet the demand for mental health services. AI tools have great potential to improve the efficiency and efficacy of clinicians, as they can provide diagnostic tools, smart treatment plans, improved medication refill processes, and monitoring of patient outcomes and well-being, as well as prevent medication errors. Such exciting innovations help …


Exploring The Transformational Leadership Program That Enhances Students’ Academic Achievement At A Public High School In California In 2023–2024: An Instrumental Case Study, Raouf Fouad Srafen Oct 2025

Exploring The Transformational Leadership Program That Enhances Students’ Academic Achievement At A Public High School In California In 2023–2024: An Instrumental Case Study, Raouf Fouad Srafen

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative, single instrumental case study was to explore the transformational leadership program that enhances students' academic achievement (grades 9–12) at a public high school, the Institute of Future Leaders (IFL), in California, in the academic year of 2023–2024. The theory guiding this study is transformational leadership theory because it is based on the relationship between the leader and follower, with a focus on inspiring and encouraging. This qualitative study allowed me to focus on a specific case to improve understanding and gain insights into the research topic. Purposeful sampling of people and site was conducted to …


Music And The Journey Of Black Male Phd Graduates In Counseling, Vincent Sears Sep 2025

Music And The Journey Of Black Male Phd Graduates In Counseling, Vincent Sears

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This transcendental phenomenological qualitative study explored the lived experiences of Black male PhD graduates from CACREP- accredited counseling education programs who are now professors within the academy. It examined the integration of music as a coping mechanism to address the psychological impact of isolation, tokenism, and hypervisibility connected to attending predominantly white institutions (PWIs/ HWIs). Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and participants shared bespoke musical playlists. The results of this study revealed three overarching themes and associated sub-themes: the impact of racism and systemic barriers (structural barriers and racial inequities); navigating predominantly or historically white institutions; and music as …


The Difference Of Self-Efficacy Between General And Special Education Teachers In Rural Elementary Co-Taught Classrooms: Quantitative Causal Comparative, Tilnisha Pritchard Rosser Sep 2025

The Difference Of Self-Efficacy Between General And Special Education Teachers In Rural Elementary Co-Taught Classrooms: Quantitative Causal Comparative, Tilnisha Pritchard Rosser

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This quantitative causal-comparative study examined differences in teacher self-efficacy between general and special education teachers in co-taught classrooms within a rural school district in the southeastern United States. A convenience sample of 162 participants (99 special educators and 63 general educators) completed the short form of the Teacher Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES), which assesses instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare student engagement scores, and a one-way ANOVA analyzed differences in instructional strategies, classroom management, and total self-efficacy. Findings indicated no significant difference in instructional strategies; however, special educators demonstrated significantly higher scores …


Are There Acculturative Differences Between Mono & Multiethnic Families, Jose R. Rodriguez Sep 2025

Are There Acculturative Differences Between Mono & Multiethnic Families, Jose R. Rodriguez

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study examines the differences in acculturation experiences between multiethnic and monoethnic Latino adolescents. Using a correlational quantitative design with multiple regression analyses, data was collected online from 100 participants (minors and adults) affiliated with the Spanish Eastern District of the Assemblies of God in the U.S. Northeast Corridor. The study found that age significantly predicted ethnic identity exploration, accounting for 21% of the variance: individuals aged 16–17 and 18–21 scored higher than those aged 13–15, while gender, ethnicity, and their interactions were not significant. For identity resolution, age (13–15 group) and gender emerged as significant predictors in a model …


Parallel Lives: Revitalization Of An Ancient Method Of Inquiry, Geoffrey Thomas Uhal Sep 2025

Parallel Lives: Revitalization Of An Ancient Method Of Inquiry, Geoffrey Thomas Uhal

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The Parallel Lives style examination and biography is one of the oldest forms of historical inquiry, providing a comparison between a foreign subject and a more familiar subject as a frame of reference. This style of examination was popular for dissertations in the 19th century among military historians writing about generals who were stylistically known as “Great Captains” for much of history. While the moral comparisons of such histories in bygone eras possess less utility, multimodal comparisons of lives that readers have more and less contextual background to provide a model to bridge the gap between foreign and familiar subjects. …


Exploring Teachers’ Self-Perceptions: A Case Study Unraveling The Influence Of Professional Learning On Practice, Lindsay Goldsmith Sep 2025

Exploring Teachers’ Self-Perceptions: A Case Study Unraveling The Influence Of Professional Learning On Practice, Lindsay Goldsmith

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this case study was to understand how professional development affects elementary educators' self-perceptions in the K-12 setting within American schools overseas. The theory guiding this study was Jack Mezirow’s theory on transformative learning as it explains the relationship between learning and practice. How do overseas teachers' engagement in professional learning activities contribute to transformative learning experiences, and how does the social learning context influence the development of their teaching practices? The present study utilized a case-study approach to explore how current teachers perceive their practice is affected by professional learning. Interviews, surveys, and document analysis were used …


The Covid-19 Pandemic And College Students' Experiences: A Phenomenological Study, Mervin L. Davis Sep 2025

The Covid-19 Pandemic And College Students' Experiences: A Phenomenological Study, Mervin L. Davis

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore and comprehend the lived experiences of college students at North Carolinian colleges and universities during the interruption and transitions of studies amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This research used qualitative inquiry design and employed Schlossberg’s transition theory to guide the study. Schlossberg’s transition theory correlates with this research and phenomenological exploration because it underscores the varying abilities and incapacities of students to persist through their studies during challenging circumstances. The setting for this research was North Carolinian higher education institutions within Mecklenburg County which boast 17 colleges and universities within a 50-mile …


Describing The Retention Experiences Of Special Education Teachers In Rural California: A Phenomenological Study, Adriel Gama Reynoso Sep 2025

Describing The Retention Experiences Of Special Education Teachers In Rural California: A Phenomenological Study, Adriel Gama Reynoso

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study was to describe the retention experiences of special education teachers who taught in rural elementary school districts in California. Retention was generally defined as a teacher who was influenced to stay with their district for a long time. The theory guiding this study was Herzberg’s two-factor theory of motivation-hygiene. This theory was particularly effective in addressing teacher retention because it provided a clear framework for understanding the factors that contribute to job satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This transcendental phenomenological study described the retention of special education teachers who taught in rural elementary school districts …


Developing Healthy Relationships: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study Of Twice-Exceptional Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autumn B. Matthews Sep 2025

Developing Healthy Relationships: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study Of Twice-Exceptional Adults With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autumn B. Matthews

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of developing healthy friendships for twice-exceptional adults with autism spectrum disorder (2e/ASD) in the southeastern United States. The theory guiding this study was Schlossberg’s transition theory, as it provided a framework for understanding how individuals navigate significant changes in relationships, routines, assumptions, and roles. The central research question guiding this study was: What do 2e/ASD adults in the southeastern United States experience as they develop healthy friendships? The study employed a qualitative design using van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology to capture the essence of participants’ lived …


The Impact Of Psychological Well-Being, Gratitude, And Self-Efficacy On Resiliency In High School Students: A Predictive Correlational Study, Jennifer Nevard-Blanco Sep 2025

The Impact Of Psychological Well-Being, Gratitude, And Self-Efficacy On Resiliency In High School Students: A Predictive Correlational Study, Jennifer Nevard-Blanco

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this quantitative predictive correlational study was to examine the impact of psychological well-being, gratitude, and self-efficacy on resiliency in high school students in a northeastern state. This study is important because the promotion of positive psychological factors such as gratitude, self-efficacy, and psychological well-being have been identified as predictors of increased resilience, buffering the negative effects of stressors and adverse circumstances. The sample was composed of 110 high school students from a public school in the northeastern part of the United States. Data was collected using four self-report instruments: Ryff's Psychological Well-being 18-item scale, the Gratitude Questionnaire …


Perceptions Of Faculty Influence On Graduate Student Diversity Attitudes: A Phenomenological Study, Lyn Porter Sep 2025

Perceptions Of Faculty Influence On Graduate Student Diversity Attitudes: A Phenomenological Study, Lyn Porter

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this transcendental phenomenological study is to understand the lived experiences regarding the perceived influence of faculty interactions in shaping diversity attitudes for graduate students in healthcare-related professions across the United States. The theory guiding this study is Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory, which argues that social interactions deeply influence cognitive development (Vygotsky, 1978/1995). These interactions are necessary for the development of new skills and knowledge. Vygotsky also highlighted the role of culture in shaping how individuals think, learn, and interpret the world, suggesting that the cultural context in which faculty and students interact profoundly affects internalized values and attitudes. …


A Phenomenological Study Of Overcoming School Experiences Of Disability-Related Stigma To Gain Competitive Employment For Individuals With Learning Disabilities, Katherine Lamont Sep 2025

A Phenomenological Study Of Overcoming School Experiences Of Disability-Related Stigma To Gain Competitive Employment For Individuals With Learning Disabilities, Katherine Lamont

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutical phenomenological study was to interpret the experiences of overcoming disability-related stigma to gain competitive employment for individuals with learning disabilities (LDs) who have previously received special education services in public schools in the United States. Goffman’s stigma theory framed the investigation of the research question: What are the lived experiences of individuals with LDs who have received special education services in public school settings with overcoming disability-related stigma to gain competitive employment? This study was conducted with 12 participants, who each received special education services in public schools in the United States for a specific …


The Perception Of Educational Leadership On Policies Impacting Equity And Access In Advanced Placement Programming For Diverse Student Learners: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Lindsey Greear Sep 2025

The Perception Of Educational Leadership On Policies Impacting Equity And Access In Advanced Placement Programming For Diverse Student Learners: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study, Lindsey Greear

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this hermeneutic phenomenological study was to describe the perception held by educational leaders on equitable access to advanced coursework for diverse student learners in the Highland County School District. The theory guiding this study was Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, as diverse students need an environment that emphasizes cultural inclusion to encourage academic growth. The central research question for this study was to investigate the perceptions of educational leaders regarding how existing policies affect the equity, access, and student experience in advanced courses. This study employed individual interviews, document analysis, and focus groups to collect data from 10 …