Education Commons^™

Social Emotional Learning (Sel) For Secondary English Language Learners (Ells), Summer E. Wallace

Honors Projects

This literature review and unit plan seeks to understand what Social Emotional Learning (SEL) is and provide resources to educators on its importance in the classroom. The literature review provides an overview of peer-reviewed sources from various educational journals, as well as online publications. It also contains interviews with two educators currently in the field. This project examines the benefits of SEL within the classroom and beyond, and proposes steps and considerations for implementing SEL into the classroom. It also includes specific provisions for SEL instruction to secondary English Language Learners (ELLs). Additionally, it discusses specific strategies to implement in …

A Journey To The Midwest For Migrant Farmwork: Women's Testimonies Examining Their Lived Experiences Using Autoethnography And Plática Research Methodologies, Yesenia G. Alcalá

Theses & Dissertations

A JOURNEY TO THE MIDWEST FOR MIGRANT FARMWORK: WOMEN’S TESTIMONIES EXAMINING THEIR LIVED EXPERIENCES USING AUTOETHNOGRAPHY AND PLÁTICA

RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES

Yesenia Garza Alcalá, Master of Business Administration

University of the Incarnate Word 2026

The purpose of my research was to share the stories of five women who experienced a yearly migratory routine from Del Rio, Texas, to work in farms and factories in the Midwest, and how that annual journey shaped and educated us. The women are four of my older sisters and me, all of whom traveled and worked in the Princeville, Illinois, migrant camp, where we experienced the …

Performing Proficiency: Ethnodrama As Arts-Based Research In An Esl Acting Classroom, Angel M. Morales

Journal of English Learner Education

This study explores the use of ethnodrama as an arts-based research method and pedagogical tool in English as a Second Language (ESL) education. Drawing on the work of Saldaña, Salvatore, and Denzin, the project examines how performance can communicate lived experiences, foster language development, and promote social justice in multicultural classrooms. Based on interviews and observations of ESL students in an Acting I course, the resulting ethnodrama, What?! Acting?!, presents verbatim narratives that reveal learners’ identities, struggles, and resilience. The findings highlight how theatrical practice enhances linguistic fluency, self-expression, and cultural understanding, demonstrating the transformative potential of performance in …

A Franco-American University Collaboration: Oral Assessment With Cefr And Star, Nadia Yassine-Diab, Christina Torres University Of Central Florida, Aimee Schoonmaker

Journal of English Learner Education

This article describes the collaboration between faculty at two international
universities, one in France and one in the U.S., who partnered their students to practice and assess oral skills. Using computer-mediated communication with both synchronous and asynchronous elements, the collaboration provided a valuable opportunity for both groups to engage in pedagogically meaningful and structured exchanges integrated into coursework that mirror their future professional situations (O’Dowd et. al., 2020). More specifically, each semester, the U.S. TESOL students interview and assess French speaking English language learners using the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) and the Situation Task Action Results (STAR) interview …

Unlocking Affixes In The Esl Community College Classroom: The Language Of Law, Science, And Technology, Patricia George-Hunter Edd

Journal of English Learner Education

Since vocabulary plays a significant role in second language acquisition, expansive vocabulary targets should be set and pursued. This paper explores the results of introducing affixes to develop vocabulary and increase motivation for beginner to intermediate-level English language learners (ELLs) pursuing academic disciplines in law, science, and technology at a New York City community college. Participants included 23 ELLs with diverse linguistic, educational, and sociocultural backgrounds enrolled in an online synchronous Integrative Language Seminar (ILS) designed to develop all areas of English language proficiency. Pre‑, post‑, delayed tests, questionnaires, and post‑intervention interviews were conducted and analyzed to establish the language …

Math Language Acquisition And Improving English Language Learners’ Ability To Understand And Solve Math Word Problems, Crystal L. Gammon, Jillian Skelton

Journal of English Learner Education

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore third- through fifth-grade teachers’ perceptions of effective vocabulary instruction and collaboration practices used to support English Language Learners (ELLs) in understanding, discussing, and solving math word problems. The problem addressed was that ELL students in rural southeastern U.S. school districts were not achieving mathematics proficiency at the same rate as their native English-speaking peers, particularly when solving word problems requiring academic language comprehension. The findings revealed that teachers viewed math vocabulary instruction as essential for closing academic gaps while also identifying vocabulary as a major barrier when it was not explicitly …

Making The Implicit Explicit For Multilingual Learners: A Language-Based Framework For Literacy Development, Luciana C. De Oliveira

Journal of English Learner Education

Literacy is fundamentally an act of meaning-making that requires bridging micro-level linguistic choices with macro-level text structures across genres. Current literacy policies dominated by Science of Reading (SoR) mandates often overemphasize isolated, word-level foundational skills. This narrow focus creates a one-size-fits-all model that reduces reading to the level of individual words, not appropriate for multilingual learners (MLs) who require access to dense, specialized disciplinary discourse. This article proposes an intentional, language-based literacy framework designed to build high-challenge, high-support classrooms for MLs without lowering academic expectations. Integrating genre-based pedagogy through the Teaching and Learning Cycle (TLC) with the mode continuum, the …

When Bilingualism Belongs: Language Recognition, Academic Context, And Sense Of Belonging Among Bilingual Stem Undergraduates, Cristina Lozano Argüelles

Bilingualism in Higher Ed Summit

No abstract provided.

Faculty And Staff Perspectives On Bilingualism In Higher Education: A Tale Of Two Hsis, Rosemary Barberet

Bilingualism in Higher Ed Summit

No abstract provided.

Literacy Activities To Prepare Mll Students For An Art Museum Visit, Marion J. Tate

Michigan Reading Journal

This article describes how I prepared newcomer Yemeni students to visit, understand, and learn from museums while also strengthening their English language development and cultural identity. Many students had limited English proficiency; however, they brought rich personal, family, and cultural knowledge into the classroom. To build on those strengths, I used literacy-based activities before, during, and after museum visits. These activities included shared and independent reading with e-books, pre-assessment charts, vocabulary development, guided discussions, reflective writing, collage-making, and student-led decision-making. Each strategy helped students practice English in meaningful ways while connecting museum content to memory, immigration, history, culture, and identity. …

Korelasi Foreign Language Anxiety Dengan Performansi Berbicara Bahasa Mandarin Peserta Didik Sma Laboratorium Universitas Negeri Malang, Kharisma Budi Setyawati, Lukluk Ul Muyassaroh, Herri Akhmad Bukhori

Journal of Language, Literature, and Arts

This study aims to describe the Mandarin speaking performance of eleventh-grade IBB students at the Laboratory High School of Universitas Negeri Malang and to examine the relationship between foreign language anxiety (FLA) and Mandarin speaking performance. A quantitative correlational design was applied to 24 students selected through total sampling. Anxiety levels were measured using an adapted Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety Scale (FLCAS; Horwitz et al., 1986), while speaking performance was assessed through role-play dialogues scored with an analytic rubric. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, a linearity test, and Pearson product-moment correlation. Students’ FLA fell into …

The Impact Of Code-Switching In Daily Conversation: An Inclusive Effort To Reduce Language Anxiety Among Arabic Education Students, Subhi Muhamad

Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora

Abstract: This study examines the role of code-switching in daily conversation among Arabic Language Education students, focusing on its relationship with foreign language anxiety (FLA) and willingness to communicate (WTC). Using a qualitative approach, data were collected through observations and interviews involving 28 students. The findings indicate that code-switching functions as an adaptive communicative and psychological strategy that supports interaction, reduces anxiety, and increases speaking participation. However, excessive reliance on the first language may hinder linguistic accuracy. The study highlights code-switching as a form of psychological scaffolding in Arabic language learning.

Silence And Whispering In The L2 Pragmatics Classroom: Duoethnographic Insights From A Vietnamese Context, Duong Minh Tuan, Le Thi Diem Lan

The Qualitative Report

This article examined how silence and whispering shape participation in an L2 pragmatics course for English majors at a Vietnamese university. Using a duoethnographic approach, we, as lecturer–researchers and the sole participants in this study, engaged in written dialogic exchanges over a 12-week semester, drawing on salient classroom incidents and institutional texts as prompts. Our dialogues revisited scenes in which students were quiet or whispered in Vietnamese, and we interrogated our shifting interpretations of those moments in light of scholarship on silence, L2 pragmatics, and language policy. Four themes emerged. First, silence as calibrated participation showed how students strategically modulated …

Untold Mourning: The Epistemology Of Naming And Grieving The Loss Of Identities, Bao Diep, Verna Wong

Journal of Southeast Asian American Education and Advancement

This paper explores the epistemology of mourning through the lens of two Asian American scholars pursuing doctoral degrees at a Midwestern university. We examine how racialization in Midwestern educational institutions reflects a broader historical and cultural distancing from Vietnamese immigrants and refugees, despite a shared geopolitical past. Employing critical collaborative autoethnography as both method and remedy, we engage in a dialogic process of uncovering and understanding our collective memories and lived experiences. This approach empowers us to confront hegemonic narratives and reclaim our identities as immigrant scholars navigating predominantly white academic spaces.

Assessment Of The Potential Training Population Within Selected Neighborhoods In The City Of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Kathleen Bolter, Gerrit Anderson, Kyle Huisman

Upjohn Institute Technical Reports

This report provides a strategic analysis of the potential job training population of prime-age (25–54) “Recompete” residents within 14 identified census tracts in South and East Chattanooga, Tennessee. The data reveal a distinct population facing compounded physical and economic barriers that require a multisectoral approach beyond traditional skills training. The report offers neighborhood-specific strategies to improve stable employment through better access to training and other forms of transportation, childcare, and language assistance.

Hots Based Innovative Assessment Of Listening Skills In The 2020 Arabic Textbook For Grade X Madrasah Aliyah, Yanda Rismawati, R Umi Baroroh

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

This study analyzes the distribution of cognitive levels in listening (istima’) questions and identifies which language skill demonstrates the least integration of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS). Employing a qualitative content analysis approach within a library research design, the primary data source is the 2020 Arabic Language Textbook for Grade X published by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs (KEMENAG). Secondary data include theoretical and empirical literature on HOTS-based assessment and Arabic language pedagogy. The findings indicate that listening (istima’) is the skill with the lowest representation of HOTS-oriented items. Out of 79 questions examined, most fall into the LOTS …

Ta’Tsīr Istikhdām Wasīlah Bithaqah Al-Rubā‘Iyyah ‘Alā Natījati At-Ta‘Allum Limādah Qawā‘Id Al-Mubtada’ Wa Al-Khabar (Al-Baḥṡ Al-Tajrībī Fī Mtsn 25 Jākartā), Amanda Firda Razak, Raden Ahmad Barnabas, Ahmad Marzuq

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

يهدف هذا البحث إلى معرفة أثر استخدام وسيلة بطاقة الرباعية المبتدأ والخبر في نتيجة التعلّم لمادّة القواعد (قواعد المبتدأ والخبر) لدى طلبة الفصل الثامن في المدرسة المتوسّطة الإسلامية الحكومية الخامسة والعشرين بجاكرتا. استخدم هذا البحث المنهج الكمّي بطريقة البحث التجريبي، بمشاركة مجموعتين من العيّنة: الفصل التجريبي الذي تعلّم باستخدام وسيلة بطاقة الرباعية، والفصل الضابط الذي لم يحصل على المعالجة نفسها. تكوّن كل فصل من ثلاثين طالباً تمّ اختيارهم بطريقة العَيِّنة الهادفة .(Purposive Sampling) جُمعت البيانات بواسطة اختبارين قبلي وبعدي لقياس نتيجة التعلّم قبل المعالجة وبعدها. تمّ تحليل البيانات من خلال اختبارات الصدق والثبات والطبيعية والتجانس، بالإضافة إلى اختبار الفرضيّة باستخدام …

Idraj Al-Qiyam An-Niswiyyah Fi Kitab Ta'lim Al-Lughah Al-'Arabiyyah: Ibtikar Ta'limi Li Ta'ziz Al-Musawah Baina Al-Jinsain, Gesta -. Lestari, R. Taufiqurrochman, Rizky Ilham Ramadhani

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

The background of the research was the large number of Arabic language books that contain gender bias. This affects students' proficiency in speaking Arabic. Most students change feminine to masculine because the Arabic language books they learn contain more masculine words or sentences. This research aims to describe the process of incorporating feminist values into Arabic language teaching textbooks and to analyze the impact of Arabic language teaching innovation on students’ understanding and attitudes towards gender equality. This research is a qualitative and descriptive research. The methods used to collect data are interviews, observation, and documentation. The research group is …

Analysis Of The Use Chatgpt Among Students Of The Arabic Language Education Department, North Sumatera State Islamic University, Medan, Ainun Salida, Akmal Walad Ahkas, Majid Dakhil Al-Anazy

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

Students of the Arabic language education study program State Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan use ChatGPT a lot to add insight, study materials and can even help ease lecture assignments. The purpose of this study was to find out how far students use ChatGPT to help them learn Arabic. This research uses a type of field research using qualitative approaches and data collection techniques through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of this study say that students of the Arabic language education study program state Islamic University of North Sumatra, Medan have not been able to maximize the use …

Contrastive Analysis Of Interrogative Words Between The Arabic And Indonesian Languages And Its Contribution To Teaching Arabic Grammar For Non-Native Speakers, Muh Sabilar Rosyad, Aulia Habibah, Muhammad Afthon Ulin Nuha

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

Every language has a style of speech that differs from one language to another, as well as question words in Arabic and Indonesian which have similarities and differences. The differences between the two can hinder the learning process and make students feel difficult because they transfer the forms and meanings of their language and culture into the language and culture they learn. This process is called linguistic overlap, and to address this problem requires a contrastive analysis. This study aims to find out the question words in Arabic and Indonesian and to describe the differences and similarities between the two. …

The Use Of Arabic, English, And Indonesian In Qira'ah Syamilah Learning At The Department Of Arabic Literature, State University Of Malang, Anastasya Revalina Dewi, Nurul Murtadho, Abdul Adzim, Zawawi Ismail

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

This research aims to determine the planning and implementation of Qira'ah Syamilah learning in the Department of Arabic Literature, as well as to find out student responses during Qira'ah Syamilah learning in the Department of Arabic Literature. The method used in the research is qualitative using descriptive analysis studies. In addition, data analysis through data reduction, data presentation, and inference-making. Respondents in this research were teachers and students of Arabic Language Education in semester III. The research results show that teachers have utilized the use of Arabic, English and Indonesian in learning Qira'ah Syamilah. It can be concluded that the …

Taḥlīlu Al-Iḥtiyājāti At-Tawāṣuliyyati Limuwaẓẓafī Al-Ḥajji KaʾAsāsin LiʾIʿDādi Fīdiyū TaʿLīmiyyin Fī Al-Lughah Al-ʿArabiyyah As-Siyāqiyyah, Umi Nasihatus Sholihah, Agus Yasin, Desal Ramdhani Putri, Syakira Esa Rahimi Sari, Fahrina Rahmasari, Alif Cahya Setiyadi

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

Most Indonesian Hajj officers lack adequate Arabic language skills, hindering optimal service to pilgrims. This study aims to analyze their communicative needs as a basis for designing contextual Arabic learning videos. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed using need analysis. Informants were selected purposively from experienced Hajj officers. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and document analysis, then analyzed thematically. The findings identified seven key communicative situations: (1) immigration process at the airport, (2) using transportation, (3) handling emergency conditions, (4) understanding instructions from local authorities, (5) using public facilities, (6) hotel communication, and (7) basic transactions. The proposed video …

Fa’Aliyat At-Tariqah Al-Istiqra’Iyah Biwasilah Nearpod Litarqiyah Itqon Al-Qowa’Id An-Nahwiyah Li Thullab As-Shof Al-‘Ashir Fi Al-Madrasah At-Tsanawiyah Al-Islamiyah Al-Hukumiyah Al-Ula Trenggalek, Alfika Syafa Annida, Muhammad Fathoni

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

القواعد النحوية مهمة لتجنب الأخطاء اللغوية كتابةً وشفاهةً . ولكن كان اتقانُ القواعد النحوية لدى الطلاب منخفضًا . من أسباب ذلك هي استخدام الطريقة التقليدية التي تركز على المعلم، وعدم استخدام الوسائل التعليمية مما يؤدي إلى شعور الطلاب بالملل . ولذلك ، استخدمت الباحثة الطريقة الاستقرائية مع وسيلة نيربود لأنها تركز على نشاط الطالب وتحسن نتائجه. والهدف هذ البحث لمعرفة فروق إتقان القواعد النحوية لدى الطلاب في الصف التجريبي بعد استخدام الطريقة الاستقرائية بوسيلة نيربود، ولمعرفة قيمة فعالية استخدام الطريقة الاستقرائية بوسيلة نيربود النحوية لدى الطلاب في الصف التجريبي والصف الضابط. استخدمت هذ البحث المدخل الكمي و تصميم شبه التجرب …

Tathbīqu Ṭarīqati At-Ta‘Allumi Al-Mumti‘ Bi-Istikhdāmi Wasīlati Biṭāqāti Ad-Domīnū Fī Māddati Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah Li-Zīyādati Dāfi‘Iyyati Wa Fahmi Aṭ-Ṭullāb, Nur Imana Khofiyani Sasmi, Ainur Rofiq, Mohammad Baihaqi

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

This research aims to determine how effectively the joyful learning strategy, incorporating domino cards as a learning tool, enhances students’ motivation and understanding in Arabic language instruction. The study utilized a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental approach, specifically adopting a one-group pretest-posttest design, and involved 31 eighth-grade students from MTsN 2 in Surabaya. Data were obtained through both pretest and posttest evaluations, as well as through observation during the learning process. The statistical results demonstrated a marked improvement in student achievement, with the average score increasing from 29.42 in the pretest to 74.74 in the posttest. The Paired Sample T-Test …

Tahlil Maddah Kitab Al-'Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik Al-Mustawa Al-Awwal Min Manzhur Ats-Tsaqafah Al-Ijtima'iyyah, Azizah Cahyani, Azizah Noor Arildi, Fitratul Illmi, Muhammad Yusuf Salam

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

This study aims to analyze the principles of material development in Al-‘Arabiyyah Baina Yadaik Level One from a social-cultural perspective, considering the limited number of studies that focus on the integration of social and cultural values in Arabic language teaching materials for non-native speakers. The study examines how social and cultural concepts are embedded in the textbook content and the extent to which they address learners’ social contexts. A descriptive-analytical method was employed by analyzing the textbook content and classifying instructional elements that reflect social culture, including texts, dialogues, and learning activities. The results indicate that the textbook applies important …

Strategy Management For Competitiveness In Arabic Language Learning Programs Via Instagram @Marhaban.Academy, Sabilla Setia Wida, Muassomah Muassomah, Nuril Mufidah

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

Management in the world of education is very important to support the quality of learning programs. Strategic management is the main key in increasing the competitiveness of educational institutions. By understanding the business environment, developing competitive advantages, innovation, and monitoring, institutions can maintain and increase their competitiveness. This research aims to analyze the strategic management implemented by @marhaban.academy in increasing the competitiveness of Arabic language learning programs via the Instagram platform. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. The data analysis technique used goes through three stages, namely data …

Formative Assessment Of All Through Independent Curriculum-Based On Lks At Mts Miftahussa’Adah Mijen Semarang, Siti Rodliyah, Inayah Inayah, Pakuamudin Muhammad

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

This study examines the implementation of formative assessment in Arabic language learning and the role of Student Worksheets (LKS) as an evaluation tool that supports active learning at MTs Miftahussa'adah, Semarang City. The approach used is an explanatory qualitative. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, questionnaires, and documentation with data analysis of the Miles and Huberman model. The results showed that formative assessment was implemented through collaborative activities, language skills practice (maharah), and immediate feedback. The worksheet is used as the main means of assessment. However, problems were still found in the aspects of language comprehensibility and appearance. Although 100% …

Innovation In Arabic Language Learning Through Clil: The Perspective Of Teachers At Darul Ukhuwah 2 For Girl Malang, Wardiyatul Husna, Faisal Mahmoud Adam Ibrahim, Zakiyah Arifa

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

تلعب المعاهد الإسلامية دورًا محوريًا في تشكيل العلماء ونشر المعرفة الدينية، وخاصة من خلال تعلم اللغة العربية، وهو أمر ضروري لفهم النصوص الدينية. ومع ذلك، فإن التحديات مثل الوقت المحدود، والأساليب التقليدية، وكفاءات المعلمين أعاقت تعليم اللغة العربية بشكل فعال. وقد برز دمج اللغة العربية مع التعلم القائم على المحتوى، والمعروف باسم التعلم المتكامل للمحتوى واللغة (CLIL)، كنهج واعد. تهدف هذه الطريقة، التي تجمع بين تعلم اللغة والمحتوى غير اللغوي، إلى تعزيز كل من المهارات اللغوية وفهم المحتوى. وفي حين اكتسب CLIL قوة دفع في تدريس اللغة الإنجليزية، فإن تطبيقه في التعليم العربي لا يزال محدودًا. تشير الأبحاث إلى أن …

Tathwīr Mu‘Jam Raqmī Li Al-Muṣṭalaḥāt Al-Adabiyyah Bi-Manhaj Al-Lisāniyyāt Al-Mu‘Tamidah ‘Alā Al-Mudawwanah, Ahmad Syaifudin, Moh. Ainin, Moh. Khasairi

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

يميل الطلبة إلى ضعف إتقان المصطلحات العلمية باللغة العربية، مما يؤثر سلبًا على أنشطتهم الأكاديمية. وتعود هذه الصعوبة إلى عدم الألفة مع المصطلحات، وضيق الوقت، وعدم كفاية المعاجم العامة في تقديم الترجمات الدقيقة. أظهرت نتائج تحليل الاحتياجات لدى الطلبة أنهم بحاجة إلى معجم خاص بمصطلحات الأدب العربي. تم تطوير منتج يُعالج هذه المشكلات ويتماشى مع تفضيلات الفئة المستخدمين. يهدف هذا البحث إلى وصف: (1) عملية تطوير معجم رقمي عربي-إندونيسيس لمصطلحات الأدب العربي بمنهج اللسانيات معتمد على المدونة اللغوية ، و(2) تقييم صلاحية المنتج. اعتمد البحث على نموذج ADDIE في التطوير، حيث تم دمج خطوات إعداد المعجم مع منهجية النموذج في …

Namūdzaj At-Taqyīm Al-Hajīn Li-Ta‘Līm Al-Lughah Al-‘Arabiyyah Fī Al-Ma’Āhid Al-Islāmiyyah: Damj At-Tal‘Īb Fī Wordwall Ma‘A At-Ta‘Allum Al-Qā’Im ‘Alā Al-Musykilāt, Achmad Farouq Abdullah, Ahmad Kali Akbar, Luthfi Muhyiddin

Al-Arabi: Journal of Teaching Arabic as a Foreign Language

This study aims to develop a Hybrid Evaluation Model for Arabic language learning in Islamic boarding schools by integrating Wordwall gamification with the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) approach. The innovation responds to the growing need for an evaluation system that not only measures learning outcomes but also promotes reflective, collaborative, and engaging learning experiences among students. Employing a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE framework—comprising Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation—the study involved expert validation, classroom observation, and field trials. The results of expert validation indicated a high level of feasibility, with media and content scores of 86.9% and …