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Articles 181 - 210 of 248
Full-Text Articles in Technology and Innovation
The Interaction Of Roles, Resources, And Organizational Structures In Creative Work, Feichin, Ted Tschang
The Interaction Of Roles, Resources, And Organizational Structures In Creative Work, Feichin, Ted Tschang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Creativity is known to be located at both the individual and group levels. We look at the case of videogame development, as an instance of project level creativity. We focus in particular on the design of the artifact. By examining the loci of creativity at the individual and group levels, we shed light on the roles and tasks of the designer, and on the organizational group structure known as the design cabal. In comparing the two extremes, we discover that the lack of organizational resources (namely, well known designers) leads in certain projects to the adoption of cabals or cabal-like …
Entrepreneurial Experiments In Science Policy: Analyzing The Human Genome Project, Kenneth G. Huang, Fiona E. Murray
Entrepreneurial Experiments In Science Policy: Analyzing The Human Genome Project, Kenneth G. Huang, Fiona E. Murray
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We re-conceptualize the role of science policy makers, envisioning and illustrating their move from being simple investors in scientific projects to entrepreneurs who create the conditions for entrepreneurial experiments and initiate them. We argue that reframing science policy around the notion of conducting entrepreneurial experiments – experiments that increase the diversity of technical, organizational and institutional arrangements in which scientific research is conducted – can provide policy makers with a wider repertoire of effective interventions. To illustrate the power of this approach, we analyze the Human Genome Project (HGP) as a set of successful, entrepreneurial experiments in organizational and institutional …
Is Firm-Specific Innovation Associated With Greater Value Appropriation? The Roles Of Environmental Dynamism And Technological Diversity, Heli Wang, Wei-Ru Chen
Is Firm-Specific Innovation Associated With Greater Value Appropriation? The Roles Of Environmental Dynamism And Technological Diversity, Heli Wang, Wei-Ru Chen
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This paper extends the resource-based theory of the firm to examine the contingencies that either intensify or reduce the relationship between firm-specific innovation and value appropriation. Based on a large-scale analysis of a sample of US manufacturing firms, we found that greater innovation rents appropriation is associated with an increase in firm specificity of its innovative knowledge. But the positive relationship between firm-specific innovations and firm value appropriation tends to decrease when the product or technology market is highly dynamic. Further, under high environmental dynamism, firms should increase the diversity in their knowledge composition in order to mitigate the risk …
The Outsourcing Of Creative Work And The Limits Of Capability: The Case Of The Philippines Animation Industry, Feichin Ted Tschang, Andrea Goldstein
The Outsourcing Of Creative Work And The Limits Of Capability: The Case Of The Philippines Animation Industry, Feichin Ted Tschang, Andrea Goldstein
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The animation industry, like many information-technology-enabled services sectors, has been of interest to many developing countries interested in developing services outsourcing industries. We analyze the case of the Philippines' animation industry. This paper investigates the outsourcing process in animation and the nature of capabilities within that, with the goal of contributing to a more general understanding of services outsourcing. We examine the industry's history, interview data with industry participants, and secondary data. We find that strong labor force skills have been central to capabilities rather than organizational abilities. Outsourcing of production takes place only so far as the work is …
Knowledge Clusters And Knowledge Hubs: Designing Epistemic Landscapes For Development, Hans-Dieter Evers, Solvay Gerke, Thomas Menkhoff
Knowledge Clusters And Knowledge Hubs: Designing Epistemic Landscapes For Development, Hans-Dieter Evers, Solvay Gerke, Thomas Menkhoff
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Purpose – With globalization and knowledge-based production, firms may cooperate on a global scale, outsource parts of their administrative or productive units and negate location altogether. The extremely low transaction costs of data, information and knowledge seem to invalidate the theory of agglomeration and the spatial clustering of firms, going back to the classical work by Alfred Weber and Alfred Marshall, who emphasized the microeconomic benefits of industrial collocation. This paper aims to argue against this view and show why the growth of knowledge societies will rather increase than decrease the relevance of location by creating knowledge clusters and knowledge …
Academic Entrepreneurs: The Role Of Star Scientists In Commercialization Of Radical Science, Reddi Kotha, Gerard George
Academic Entrepreneurs: The Role Of Star Scientists In Commercialization Of Radical Science, Reddi Kotha, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine the effects of individual, team, and institutional capabilities on the governance of technology contracts. Star scientific teams may work on higher quality projects which may be of high or low risk, depending on the maturity of the technology. Arguments that assumed that both capabilities and risk are codetermined, and seldom diverge in their effects on incentive preferences, may be tenuous in these cases. We test our predictions using a two-stage model in a sample of 1,474 inventions that were licensed through performance or upfront contracts. We find that when individuals and teams have strong capabilities, they prefer performance …
Hong Kong’S New Creative Industries: The Example Of The Video Games Sector, F. Ted Tschang
Hong Kong’S New Creative Industries: The Example Of The Video Games Sector, F. Ted Tschang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Hong Kong has considerable creative and entrepreneurial resources, and the opportunity to build a vibrant set of creative industries, including in the new sectors such as video games, animation, and computer graphics. However, as it stands, some of these industries, especially that of the games industry, are fledgling in nature. Strong supporting institutions already exist, but it is essential to discover how industry can be better supported with existing and new resources — financial and otherwise. The opportunities are immense, but so is the competition. The new entertainment media sectors are growing at a faster pace than most economic sectors …
Managing Innovation Successfully: The Value Of Contextual Fit (Doctoral Dissertation), Ronald Joachim Bledow
Managing Innovation Successfully: The Value Of Contextual Fit (Doctoral Dissertation), Ronald Joachim Bledow
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
No abstract provided.
Does Patent Strategy Shape The Long-Run Supply Of Public Knowledge? Evidence From Human Genetics, Kenneth G. Huang, Fiona Murray
Does Patent Strategy Shape The Long-Run Supply Of Public Knowledge? Evidence From Human Genetics, Kenneth G. Huang, Fiona Murray
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Knowledge-based firms seeking competitive advantage often draw on the public knowledge stream (ideas embedded in public commons institutions) as the foundation for private knowledge (ideas firms protect through private intellectual property [IP] institutions). However, understanding of the converse relationship—the impact of private knowledge strategies on public knowledge production—is limited. We examine this question in human genetics, where policy makers debate expanding IP ownership over the human genome. Our difference-in-differences estimates show that gene patents decrease public genetic knowledge, with broader patent scope, private sector ownership, patent thickets, fragmented patent ownership, and a gene's commercial relevance exacerbating their effect.
Wissen Und Entwicklung In Singapur: Trends Und Thesen / Knowledge And Development In Singapore: Trends And Propositions, Thomas Menkhoff, Solvay Gerke, Hans-Dieter Evers, Yue-Wah Chay
Wissen Und Entwicklung In Singapur: Trends Und Thesen / Knowledge And Development In Singapore: Trends And Propositions, Thomas Menkhoff, Solvay Gerke, Hans-Dieter Evers, Yue-Wah Chay
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This paper addresses the question how knowledge is used to benefit the economic development of Singapore. The country has followed strict science policies to establish knowledge governance regimes for a knowledge-based economy. On the basis of empirical studies the authors show, how cultural diversity and social capital impact on the ability to develop an epistemic culture of knowledge sharing and ultimately an innovative knowledge-based economy.
Inventory Flexibility Through Adjustment Contracts, Rong Li, Jennifer Ryan
Inventory Flexibility Through Adjustment Contracts, Rong Li, Jennifer Ryan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
No abstract provided.
A Dialectic Perspective On Innovation: Conflicting Demands, Multiple Pathways, And Ambidexterity, Ronald Bledow, Michael Frese, Neil Anderson, Miriam Erez, James Farr
A Dialectic Perspective On Innovation: Conflicting Demands, Multiple Pathways, And Ambidexterity, Ronald Bledow, Michael Frese, Neil Anderson, Miriam Erez, James Farr
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Innovation, the development and intentional introduction of new and useful ideas by individuals, teams, and organizations, lies at the heart of human adaptation. Decades of research in different disciplines and at different organizational levels have produced a wealth of knowledge about how innovation emerges and the factors that facilitate and inhibit innovation. We propose that this knowledge needs integration. In an initial step toward this goal, we apply a dialectic perspective on innovation to overcome limitations of dichotomous reasoning and to gain a more valid account of innovation. We point out that individuals, teams, and organizations need to self-regulate and …
Between Innovation And Legitimation-Boundaries And Knowledge Flow In Management Consultancy, Andrew Sturdy, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Robin Fincham, Karen Handley
Between Innovation And Legitimation-Boundaries And Knowledge Flow In Management Consultancy, Andrew Sturdy, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Robin Fincham, Karen Handley
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Management consultancy is seen by many as a key agent in the adoption of new management ideas and practices in organizations. Two contrasting views are dominant-consultants as innovators, bringing new knowledge to their clients or as legitimating client knowledge. Those few studies which examine directly the flow of knowledge through consultancy in projects with clients favour the innovator view and highlight the important analytical and practical value of boundaries-consultants as both knowledge and organizational outsiders. Likewise, in the legitimator view, the consultants' role is seen in terms of the primacy of the organizational boundary. By drawing on a wider social …
How To Optimize Knowledge Sharing In A Factory Network, Arnoud De Meyer, Ann Vereecke
How To Optimize Knowledge Sharing In A Factory Network, Arnoud De Meyer, Ann Vereecke
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Designing a manufacturing network entails devising and managing flows of innovation and know-how—not just determining what to produce and where—and organizing the resulting logistics flows.
Academics Or Entrepreneurs? Investigating Role Identity Modification Of University Scientists Involved In Commercialization Activity, Sanjay Jain, Gerard George, Mark Maltarich
Academics Or Entrepreneurs? Investigating Role Identity Modification Of University Scientists Involved In Commercialization Activity, Sanjay Jain, Gerard George, Mark Maltarich
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Establishing the microfoundations of academic entrepreneurship requires closer scrutiny of a key actor contributing to this phenomenon—the university scientist. We investigate the sense-making that scientists engage in as part of their participation in technology transfer and postulate that this process involves a potential modification in their role identity. We analyzed more than 70 h of interview data at a premier U.S. public research university. We observe that scientists invoke rationales for involvement that are congruent with their academic role identity. They typically adopt a hybrid role identity that comprises a focal academic self and a secondary commercial persona. We delineate …
Knowledge Production In Innovative Firms Under Uncertain Intellectual Property Conditions, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang
Knowledge Production In Innovative Firms Under Uncertain Intellectual Property Conditions, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Knowledge is a valuable and strategic asset that affects how firms and organizations innovate and compete. This study addresses how uncertain intellectual property right (IPR) conditions impact knowledge production and accumulation in different types of innovative firms and organizations, especially when they operate or develop innovations across different IPR institutions.
Categories In Evaluation Of Innovative Activities Of Competing Firms, Xuesong Geng
Categories In Evaluation Of Innovative Activities Of Competing Firms, Xuesong Geng
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
I examine how the stock market evaluation of a firm’s innovative activities is influenced by the categorization of the firm and its rivals. I find that innovations that blur the industry boundaries cause negative evaluation bias, but the competing innovations by outside industry firms cause positive evaluation bias in firm valuation.
The Strategies Of Chinese And Indian Software Multinationals: Implications For Internationalization Theory, Jorge Niosi, F. Ted Tschang
The Strategies Of Chinese And Indian Software Multinationals: Implications For Internationalization Theory, Jorge Niosi, F. Ted Tschang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
China and India are emerging as major entrants into the international software industry. Both are rapidly learning through outsourcing with multinational enterprises (MNEs) from advanced nations, yet their paths to this dynamic sector are very different. Chinese software firms have focused on their domestic market by working with foreign MNEs, while they move cautiously abroad. Indian firms, which are already large, continue to expand overseas as well as to climb the value chain. Different approaches to MNEs provide useful perspectives. At the same time, the innovation systems approach is necessary to explain the foundations of the industry. The article provides …
Milestone Payments Or Royalties? Contract Design For R&D Licensing, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve
Milestone Payments Or Royalties? Contract Design For R&D Licensing, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We study how innovators can optimally design licensing contracts when there is incomplete information on the licensee's valuation of the innovation, and limited control over the licensee's development efforts. A licensing contract typically contains an up-front payment, milestone payments at successful completion of a project phase, and royalties on sales. We use principal-agent models to formulate the licensor's contracting problem, and we find that under adverse selection, the optimal contract structure changes with the licensee's valuation of the innovation. As the licensee's valuation increases, the licensor's optimal level of involvement in the development-directly or through royalties-should decrease. Only a risk-averse …
Organizational Learning Platform And New Product Development, Wee Liang Tan, So-Jin Yoo
Organizational Learning Platform And New Product Development, Wee Liang Tan, So-Jin Yoo
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
No abstract provided.
Strategic Orientation Of High-Technology Firms In A Transitional Economy, Chung-Ming Lau, Daphne W. Yiu, Ping-Kwong Yeung, Yuan Lu
Strategic Orientation Of High-Technology Firms In A Transitional Economy, Chung-Ming Lau, Daphne W. Yiu, Ping-Kwong Yeung, Yuan Lu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Strategic orientation is a critical factor for a firm's competitiveness in a transitional economy context but it is understudied in the current literature. This article examines the antecedents of strategic orientation from both the socio-cognitive and resource-based view perspectives. The study posits that the strategic orientations of firms in a transitional economy context are influenced by the top managers' cognitions and organizational resources. Based on a national survey of high-technology firms in China, the study finds that a stronger market-focused strategic orientation was facilitated by managerial cognitions about the future of the industry and current operation and performance of the …
Employment And Market Innovation In Chinese Business Group Affiliated Firms: The Role Of Group Control Systems, Robert E. White, Robert E. Hoskisson, Daphne W. Yiu, Garry D. Bruton
Employment And Market Innovation In Chinese Business Group Affiliated Firms: The Role Of Group Control Systems, Robert E. White, Robert E. Hoskisson, Daphne W. Yiu, Garry D. Bruton
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Prior research has suggested a number of potential benefits to firm membership in business groups. These benefits include availability of capital and other resources not readily accessible in an open market, the facilitation of entrepreneurship, plus information and risk sharing advantages. We suggest that another important benefit is the assistance of group control systems in helping the firm to manage conflicting pressures in the institutional environment and facilitate coevolution of these conflicting pressures. To empirically demonstrate the relevance of this viewpoint, we examine the case of China where business groups facilitate institutional transition, actively balancing market pressures to increase levels …
Technology Strategy And China's Technology Capacity Building, Arnoud De Meyer
Technology Strategy And China's Technology Capacity Building, Arnoud De Meyer
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
China has the potential to become a major source of innovation for the world. The scientific investment is in place and rapidly growing. But in order to reap the benefits of this investment its organisations will have to become better at managing innovation. One of the key elements of innovation management is the determination and implementation of a sound technology strategy. The purpose of this paper is to offer a framework and a detailed overview of what it entails to develop and implement a technology strategy. The paper emphasizes the alignment of the strategy with the organisational competencies and the …
Commercialization Of Science: A Longitudinal Study Of Knowledge Distance, Firm Capabilities, And The Structure Of Licensing Contracts, Reddi Kotha, Gerard George
Commercialization Of Science: A Longitudinal Study Of Knowledge Distance, Firm Capabilities, And The Structure Of Licensing Contracts, Reddi Kotha, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Though the popularity of research on technology transfer offices (TTOs) has vastly increased, there is little empirical evidence of how the potential value for a technology is estimated and negotiated in a license. Limited qualitative work and empirical work (e.g., Owen-Smith, 2005) tap into the underlying decisions before a technology can be licensed. Consequently, we know very little on how a particular technology is valued and its impact on contract design. In this study, we analyze the content, design, and performance of 847 licensing contracts between university technology transfer offices and firms.
Technological Change Management Strategies In Asian Small-Scale Businesses: Trends In Singapore, Thomas Menkhoff, Yue Wah Chay
Technological Change Management Strategies In Asian Small-Scale Businesses: Trends In Singapore, Thomas Menkhoff, Yue Wah Chay
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Based on survey data on the change management behavior of Chinese small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) in Singapore, the paper explores how small entrepreneurs are coping with the city-state's turbulent business environment, processes of technological advancement and accelerated change. Differences between so-called opportunistic entrepreneurs and small business ventures are examined. Conceptually, the paper is informed by theories of change management, strategic choice, entrepreneurship and Chinese business. Special emphasis is put on the identification of demographic characteristics of "technological change masters" in Singapore's small business sector so as to gain an understanding of both the dynamism and relative passivity of …
Corporate Governance Reform As Institutional Innovation: The Case Of Japan, Toru Yoshikawa, Lai Si Tsui-Auch, Jean Mcguire
Corporate Governance Reform As Institutional Innovation: The Case Of Japan, Toru Yoshikawa, Lai Si Tsui-Auch, Jean Mcguire
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
To address the convergence-divergence debate in corporate governance, we conduct a multiple-case, multiple-level study to analyze the diffusion of governance innovation in Japan. We argue that Japanese systems of corporate governance neither fully converge to, nor completely diverge from, the Anglo-American model. Rather, Sony-the pioneer of corporate governance reforms-and its followers selectively adopted features from this model, decoupled them from the original context, and tailored them to fit to their own situations to generate governance innovation. However, we find that the spread of innovation across firms and institutional levels is far from linear and straightforward, and that other well-regarded firms …
Technological Knowledge, Product Relatedness, And Parent Control: The Effect On Ijv Survival, Dean Xu, Jane W. Lu
Technological Knowledge, Product Relatedness, And Parent Control: The Effect On Ijv Survival, Dean Xu, Jane W. Lu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This article examines the relationships among parent firm technological knowledge, parent-IJV product relatedness, parent control over the IJV, and IJV survival. Combining the knowledge-based perspective and institutional theory, we argue that parent control itself does not necessarily lead to higher IN survival; it contributes to IN survival when the parent firm has a high level of technological knowledge, and when the IJV is product-related to this parent. Results obtained from 1038 Japanese IJVs based in China indicate that both equity control and managerial control of a Japanese parent had a positive interaction effect, with the parent's technological knowledge, on IN …
Research And Development Project Valuation And Licensing Negotiations At Phytopharm Plc, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve, Wang Chong
Research And Development Project Valuation And Licensing Negotiations At Phytopharm Plc, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve, Wang Chong
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We describe a research and development project-valuation model developed for Phytopharm plc, a pharmaceutical development and functional food company based in Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom. Phytopharm uses the model to value the projects in its research and development portfolio, and in licensing negotiations with potential product development and marketing partners. We include different valuation methods, including net present value, decision analysis, and Monte Carlo simulation. We also consider the technological risks of product development, as well as the uncertainty of commercial success. In addition to determining a value for a product in development, the model proposes appropriate licensing contract structures. A …
The Puzzle Of Insular Domains: A Longitudinal Study Of Knowledge Structuration And Innovation In Biotechnology Firms, Gerald George, Reddi Kotha, Yanfeng Zheng
The Puzzle Of Insular Domains: A Longitudinal Study Of Knowledge Structuration And Innovation In Biotechnology Firms, Gerald George, Reddi Kotha, Yanfeng Zheng
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
In this study we explain the puzzle of insular domains: insular domains are niches where new innovation is built on the knowledge within the domain. Given the nature of knowledge needed for new innovation in an insular domain the puzzle is why do new firms enter these niches? In a longitudinal sample of 128 biotechnology start-ups founded from 1980 to 1999 we explain why start-ups enter insular domains and how the start-ups develop technology capabilities.
The Internationalization Of Singapore’S State-Enterprise Networks In The Context Of Asia’S Transborder Industrialization: Further Evidence From Indonesia, Vietnam And China, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Caroline Yeoh
The Internationalization Of Singapore’S State-Enterprise Networks In The Context Of Asia’S Transborder Industrialization: Further Evidence From Indonesia, Vietnam And China, Wilfred Pow Ngee How, Caroline Yeoh
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
No abstract provided.