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Articles 151 - 180 of 248
Full-Text Articles in Technology and Innovation
A Template For Invention: Renewing & Recycling Knowledge Components, Tufool Alnuaimi, Gerard George, Simon J.D. Schillebeeckx
A Template For Invention: Renewing & Recycling Knowledge Components, Tufool Alnuaimi, Gerard George, Simon J.D. Schillebeeckx
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We explore how old technologies can be recombined to generate new inventions. We consider four ways by which old technologies can serve as templates: subtraction, reconfiguration, addition, and replacement. Subtraction and reconfiguration do not require changing a prior combination of components, whereas for the latter two, new components are introduced. We test these ideas using patent data from the US semiconductor industry. The study’s findings suggest that re-using previous combinations results in higher impact. However, not all prior technologies are equally useful; inventions that recombine components from recently developed technologies were found to have a higher impact. We also show …
Agile Business Model Innovation, Adam J. Bock, Gerard George
Agile Business Model Innovation, Adam J. Bock, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Business model innovation (BMI) is risky, but when companies do it with agility, they thrive. This article looks at how Return Path, the global leader in email marketing, met the challenge of applying BMI successfully. The authors interviewed up to 700 CEOs to better understand BMI drivers.
Unleashing Creativity Across Cultural Borders, Roy Y. J. Chua
Unleashing Creativity Across Cultural Borders, Roy Y. J. Chua
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
As the global economy integrates and companies pursue opportunities outside their traditional borders, it is increasingly important to innovate across cultural borders. This article explains how individuals can improve cross-cultural creativity.
Joint Product Improvement By Client And Customer Support Center: The Role Of Gain-Share Contracts In Coordination, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Alok Gupta, Sameer Hasija
Joint Product Improvement By Client And Customer Support Center: The Role Of Gain-Share Contracts In Coordination, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Alok Gupta, Sameer Hasija
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We study the role of different contract types in coordinating the joint product improvement effort of a client and a customer support center. The customer support center's costly efforts at joint product improvement include transcribing and analyzing customer feedback, analyzing market trends, and investing in product design. Yet this cooperative role must be adequately incentivized by the client, since it could lead to fewer service requests and hence lower revenues for the customer support center. We model this problem as a sequential game with double-sided moral hazard in a principal-agent framework (in which the client is the principal). We follow …
Exploring The Locus Of Invention: The Dynamics Of Network Communities And Firms' Invention Productivity, Maxim Sytch, Adam Tatarynowicz
Exploring The Locus Of Invention: The Dynamics Of Network Communities And Firms' Invention Productivity, Maxim Sytch, Adam Tatarynowicz
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Departing from prior research analyzing the implications of social structure for actors' outcomes by applying either an ego network or a global network perspective, this study examines the implications of network communities for the invention productivity of firms. Network communities represent dense and nonoverlapping structural groups of actors in a social system. A network community lens helps identify new ways to study firms' access to diverse knowledge inputs in a dynamic system of interorganizational relationships. Specifically, we examine how the membership dynamics of a network community affect the invention productivity of member firms by either enabling or constraining access to …
Cui Bono? The Selective Revealing Of Knowledge And Its Implications For Innovative Activity, Oliver Alexy, Gerard George, Ammon J. Salter
Cui Bono? The Selective Revealing Of Knowledge And Its Implications For Innovative Activity, Oliver Alexy, Gerard George, Ammon J. Salter
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Current theories of how organizations harness knowledge for innovative activity cannot convincingly explain emergent practices whereby firms selectively reveal knowledge to their advantage. We conceive of selective revealing as a strategic mechanism to reshape the collaborative behavior of other actors in a firm's innovation ecosystem. We propose that selective revealing may provide an effective alternative to known collaboration mechanisms, particularly under conditions of high partner uncertainty, high coordination costs, and unwilling potential collaborators. We specify conditions when firms are more likely to reveal knowledge and highlight some boundary conditions for competitor reciprocity. We elaborate on strategies that allow firms to …
Collaborative Benefits And Coordination Costs: Learning And Capability Development In Science, M. Onal Vural, Linus Dahlander, Gerard George
Collaborative Benefits And Coordination Costs: Learning And Capability Development In Science, M. Onal Vural, Linus Dahlander, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine the effects of team structure and experience on the impact of inventions produced by scientific teams. Whereas multidisciplinary, collaborative teams have become the norm in scientific production, there are coordination costs commensurate with managing such teams. We use patent citation analysis to examine the effect of prior collaboration and patenting experience on invention impact of 282 patents granted in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research from 1998 to 2010. Our results reveal that team experience outside the domain may be detrimental to project performance in a setting where the underlying knowledge changes. In stem cell science, we show …
From The Digital Divide To Inclusive Innovation: The Case Of Digital Money, Mark Dodgson, David Gann, Irving Wladawsky-Berger, Gerard George
From The Digital Divide To Inclusive Innovation: The Case Of Digital Money, Mark Dodgson, David Gann, Irving Wladawsky-Berger, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This report is concerned with a profoundly transformative technology, one that affects a crucial element of the fabric of society. It examines digital money, a technology that moves economic transactions, payments, remittances, transfers etc, from the physical into the digital world. Just as communications and publishing have been transformed by digital technologies, so too will financial services. The progress of digital money will inevitably surprise us and it will develop in unexpected ways, but we believe it is on the cusp of delivering a remarkable transformation in the global economy. It will end the divide between those who can and …
Bridging The Mutual Knowledge Gap: Coordination And The Commercialization Of University Science, Reddi Kotha, Gerard George, Kannan Srikanth
Bridging The Mutual Knowledge Gap: Coordination And The Commercialization Of University Science, Reddi Kotha, Gerard George, Kannan Srikanth
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine why commercialization of interdisciplinary research, especially from distant scientific domains, is different from commercialization of inventions from specialized or proximate domains. We argue that anticipated coordination costs arising from the need to transfer technology to licensee firms and from the need for an inventor team's members to work together to further develop a technology significantly impact commercialization outcomes. We use a sample of 3,776 university invention disclosures to test whether variation in the types of experience of the scientists on a team influences the likelihood that an invention will be licensed. We proffer evidence to support our hypotheses …
Category Divergence, Straddling, And Currency: Open Innovation And The Legitimation Of Illegitimate Categories, Oliver Alexy, Gerard George
Category Divergence, Straddling, And Currency: Open Innovation And The Legitimation Of Illegitimate Categories, Oliver Alexy, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The organizational literature is increasingly interested in the origins and consequences of category emergence. We examine the effects of being affiliated with categories initially considered illegitimate (‘divergence’), and of organizational attempts to blur the boundaries between categories (‘straddling’), on capital market reactions to firm announcements. We develop arguments for how these effects likely vary with increasing legitimation (‘currency’) of the category. We apply event study methodology to the complete population of firms' announcements of open source activities, an open innovation model for software development that is novel and defies the extant dominant logic of software production and valorization. Over a …
Step By Step: The Benefits Of Stage-Based R&D Licensing Contracts, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve
Step By Step: The Benefits Of Stage-Based R&D Licensing Contracts, Pascale Crama, Bert De Reyck, Zeger Degraeve
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine how a licensor can optimally design licensing contracts for multi-phase R&D projects when he does not know the licensee’s project valuation, leading to adverse selection, and cannot enforce the licensee’s effort level, resulting in moral hazard. We focus on the effect of the phased nature typical of such projects, and compare single-phase and multi-phase contracts. We determine the optimal values for the upfront payment, milestone payments and royalties, and the optimal timing for outlicensing. Including multiple milestones and accompanying payments can be an effective way of discriminating between licensees holding different valuations, without having to manipulate the royalty …
Innovating In The Periphery: The Impact Of Local And Foreign Inventor Mobility On The Value Of Indian Patents, Tufool Alnuaimi, Tore Opsahl, Gerard George
Innovating In The Periphery: The Impact Of Local And Foreign Inventor Mobility On The Value Of Indian Patents, Tufool Alnuaimi, Tore Opsahl, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We examine the impact of local and foreign labor mobility in India by modeling one regional and one global network, each of which captures the inter-organizational mobility of inventors. Our analysis of the regional network shows that, within India, the productivity of inventors does not improve when they move from foreign to Indian organizations. In the global network, we find that Indian organizations remain located in the periphery as a result of employing a small number of inventors from foreign organizations. However, in the instances when inventors are hired from foreign organizations, they are able to produce patents with a …
Algorithmic Trading And Changes In Firms Equity Capital, Ekkehart Boehmer, Kingsley Fong, Julie Wu
Algorithmic Trading And Changes In Firms Equity Capital, Ekkehart Boehmer, Kingsley Fong, Julie Wu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We use a large sample from 2001 to 2009 that incorporates intraday transactions data from 39 exchanges and an average of 12,800 different common stocks to assess the effect of algorithmic trading (AT) on firms’ capital raising activities. Greater AT reduces net equity issues over the next year, but this is only partly driven by AT’s effect on proceeds from new securities issues. Our findings suggest that the main driver of this relationship is AT’s effect on share repurchases.
Ecosystem Advantage: How To Successfully Harness The Power Of Partners, Peter James Williamson, Arnoud De Meyer
Ecosystem Advantage: How To Successfully Harness The Power Of Partners, Peter James Williamson, Arnoud De Meyer
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Changes in the global environment are generating opportunities for companies to build advantage by creating loosely coupled networks or ecosystems. Ecosystems are larger, more diverse, and more fluid than a traditional set of bilateral partnerships or complementors. By leveraging ecosystems, companies can deliver complex solutions while maintaining corporate focus. This article describes six keys to unlock ecosystem advantage: pinpointing where value is created, defining an architecture of differentiated partner roles, stimulating complementary partner investments, reducing the transaction costs, facilitating joint learning across the network, and engineering effective ways to capture profit.
Injecting Intelligence, Nirmalya Kumar, Phanish Puranam
Injecting Intelligence, Nirmalya Kumar, Phanish Puranam
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
India's highly qualified workforce is enabling it to lead the way in process innovation. Nirmalya Kumar and Phanish Puranam examine how Indian companies inject intelligence into the often mundane.
Not With My Own: Long-Term Effects Of Cross-Country Collaboration On Subsidiary Innovation In Emerging Economies Versus Advanced Economies, Tufool Alnuaimi, Jasjit Singh, Gerard George
Not With My Own: Long-Term Effects Of Cross-Country Collaboration On Subsidiary Innovation In Emerging Economies Versus Advanced Economies, Tufool Alnuaimi, Jasjit Singh, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Prior literature has established that international collaboration on R&D is an important means for generating new and impactful ideas through the cross-border integration of knowledge. We show that cross-country collaboration improves not just the resulting ideas, but also has a long-term benefit for the involved inventors in terms of continuing to generate higher-impact ideas in the future. However, our results also show that the improved performance of specific inventors in a multinational corporation subsidiary does not translate to broader subsidiary-level capabilities at innovation. One possible explanation might be that inventors obtaining international exposure often do not develop collaborative ties with …
Learning To Write Killer Apps? Performance Improvements In Innovations, Terence Ping Ching Fan
Learning To Write Killer Apps? Performance Improvements In Innovations, Terence Ping Ching Fan
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Commercially successful but not necessarily high-tech innovations can change the fortunes of firms and the quality of lives of many. This paper argues that while groups of specialists can quickly bring together knowledge from multiple domains in developing and implementing innovative ideas, a typical lack of system-wide perspective would prove to be a constraint over successive innovations. In contrast, a single individual who acquires specialist knowledge in multiple domains would avoid this constraint, but would incur a penalty to acquire knowledge across domain boundaries upfront. This leads to two opposing performance predictions on the performance of successive innovations: an increasing …
Innovation For Inclusive Growth: Towards A Theoretical Framework And A Research Agenda, Gerard George, Anita M. Mcgahan, Jaideep Prabhu
Innovation For Inclusive Growth: Towards A Theoretical Framework And A Research Agenda, Gerard George, Anita M. Mcgahan, Jaideep Prabhu
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Inclusive innovation, which we define as innovation that benefits the disenfranchised, is a process as well as a performance outcome. Consideration of inclusive innovation points to inequalities that may arise in the development and commercialization of innovations, and also acknowledges the inequalities that may occur as a result of value creation and capture. We outline opportunities for the development of theory and empirical research around this construct in the fields of entrepreneurship, strategy, and marketing. We aim for a synthesis in views of inclusive innovation and call for future research that deals directly with value creation and the distributional consequences …
Transnational Intellectual Property Strategies And Firms’ Knowledge Adoption: Evidence From China-U.S. Patent Dyads, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang, Jiatao Li
Transnational Intellectual Property Strategies And Firms’ Knowledge Adoption: Evidence From China-U.S. Patent Dyads, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang, Jiatao Li
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
As firms increasingly operate and conduct R&D in emerging markets, 'transnational patenting' - patenting of the same invention across more than one country - is becoming a cornerstone of their intellectual property (IP) strategies. We investigate whether and how a patent granted to a focal firm's invention in an emerging economy (China) can shape its subsequent technological knowledge adoption by other firms in developed economies (U.S.). Drawing on research from market signaling and intellectual property strategy, we address this question using a novel dataset of 4,226 China-U.S. patent dyads covering 1,104 firms, and matching control sets. Difference-in-differences estimates show that …
Aspirations, Innovation, And Corporate Venture Capital: A Behavioral Perspective, Vibha Gaba, Shantanu Bhattacharya
Aspirations, Innovation, And Corporate Venture Capital: A Behavioral Perspective, Vibha Gaba, Shantanu Bhattacharya
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This study takes an organizational decision-making perspective to examine when firms are likely to utilize CVC units as a mechanism for externalizing R&D. We draw insights from the behavioral theory of the firm to argue that managerial aspirations for innovation-related goals are an important driver of CVC initiatives within firms. We test our argument by examining both the adoption and termination of CVC units for a sample of information technology firms from 1992 to 2003. Results show that a firm is more likely to adopt and less likely to terminate a CVC unit when its innovation performance is closest to …
The Effects Of Culture And Structure On Strategic Flexibility During Business Model Innovation, Adam J. Bock, Tore Opsahl, Gerard George, David M. Gann
The Effects Of Culture And Structure On Strategic Flexibility During Business Model Innovation, Adam J. Bock, Tore Opsahl, Gerard George, David M. Gann
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
This study uses responses from 107 multinational firms to reveal CEO perceptions of the drivers of strategic flexibility during business model innovation. While the positive effect of creative culture is confirmed, partner reliance reduces strategic flexibility during business model innovation. Further, structural change is disaggregated into efforts that either focus managerial attention on core activities or reconfigure existing activities. CEOs perceive that structural flexibility requires structural simplification while retaining control of non-core functions. We find that the relative magnitude of business model innovation effort moderates the effect of reconfiguration on strategic flexibility. The implications for theories of organizational design and …
Taxonomy-Analytical Study For The Project On Open Collaborative Projects And Ip-Based Models (Recommendation 36), Linus Dahlander, David Gann, Gerard George
Taxonomy-Analytical Study For The Project On Open Collaborative Projects And Ip-Based Models (Recommendation 36), Linus Dahlander, David Gann, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
No abstract provided.
Diving Into The New Innovation Landscape: The Eastern Current, Arnoud De Meyer
Diving Into The New Innovation Landscape: The Eastern Current, Arnoud De Meyer
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Thirty years ago, when the business world sought innovation, most eyes looked West – mainly to the OECD countries considered to be the most economically advanced. We focused on technology-based product innovations, which were conceived for Western customers, developed in laboratories close to the headquarters of Western companies, and rolled out in the world’s wealthiest markets: North America, Western Europe and Japan, an honorary member of the Western club. This is no longer the case. Now, when the business world asks where the next innovative product or process will come from, what it will consist of, where it will be …
Entry Into New Niches: The Effects Of Firm Age And The Expansion Of Technological Capabilities On Innovative Output And Impact, Reddi Kotha, Yangfeng Zheng, Gerard George
Entry Into New Niches: The Effects Of Firm Age And The Expansion Of Technological Capabilities On Innovative Output And Impact, Reddi Kotha, Yangfeng Zheng, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
We provide evidence that young firms systematically differ from older firms in their innovative output when they enter ‘new to the firm’ technological niches. We analyze data from 128 biotechnology firms since their inception and track these firms over time. Our analyses reveal that the organizational age at which the firm branches into new technological niches significantly influences its innovative activity. We refine the focus of the extant literature by separately examining the effects of branching on the quantity of innovative output and the impact that this output has on the technology domain. Subsequent to branching into new niches, we …
The Impact Of Transnational Intellectual Property Rights On Firms’ Knowledge Formation: Evidence From China-Us Patent Dyads, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang
The Impact Of Transnational Intellectual Property Rights On Firms’ Knowledge Formation: Evidence From China-Us Patent Dyads, Kenneth Guang-Lih Huang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
As firms and organizations increasingly operate and conduct R&D in emerging economies, “transnational patenting” – patenting of the same invention across more than one country – is becoming the cornerstone of their intellectual property strategy. Drawing on works from signaling theory and intellectual property strategy, I examine the dynamics and impact of transnational patenting on technological knowledge formation across distinct intellectual property right (IPR) institutions. Using a novel dataset of 4226 China-US patent dyads covering 1104 firms and organizations, I find patent grant to technological invention under a weak IPR institution such as China significantly increases (by up to 108%) …
Relation-Specific Creative Performance In Voluntary Collaborations: A Micro-Foundation For Competitive Advantage?, Terence Ping Ching Fan, Duncan Robertson
Relation-Specific Creative Performance In Voluntary Collaborations: A Micro-Foundation For Competitive Advantage?, Terence Ping Ching Fan, Duncan Robertson
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
A fundamental question in the strategy literature is how sustainable competitive advantage can be generated within one firm and yet difficult to copy by another. We offer one solution to this conundrum by way of relation-specific performance that is developed in creative projects – where the individuals involved have significant latitude on the intended objectives as well as their collaborators on these projects. Because higher-level cognition is involved in navigating such projects from conception to implementation, there is heightened relation-specificity in their performance – as measured by how widely they are adopted by third-party users. This relationspecificity means that any …
Engaging Knowledge Management Learners Through Web-Based Ict: An Empirical Study, Thomas Menkhoff, Tze Yian Thang, Yue Wah Chay, Yue Kee Wong
Engaging Knowledge Management Learners Through Web-Based Ict: An Empirical Study, Thomas Menkhoff, Tze Yian Thang, Yue Wah Chay, Yue Kee Wong
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The purpose of this paper is to examine how to successfully blend an e-learning module into a knowledge management (KM) course aimed at getting KM students interested in the respective subject matter (=KM) in a web-based learning environment. Based on data obtained from 138 undergraduate business management students at a university in Singapore, practical aspects of effectively implementing an e-learning system with a focus on KM are analyzed and the importance determined of three conceptual variables in the context of successful blended learning approaches: online faculty to student interaction, social presence and personal e-learning experiences. The study shows some positive …
Innovation And Commoditization: Prioritizing And Profiling Asian Managers’ Cross-Border Sourcing Practices, Sudhindra Seshadri
Innovation And Commoditization: Prioritizing And Profiling Asian Managers’ Cross-Border Sourcing Practices, Sudhindra Seshadri
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The paper investigates several sourcing practices and argues that two main behavioral constructs, supply commoditization and supply innovation, underlie many of these practices. It then develops hypotheses involving these constructs and company profiling ratios such as revenue per employee. The paper reports on survey research with a subset of ASEAN country based purchasing managers; on new scales. The results contribute to a growing literature on dynamic customer value in business markets and sourcing competencies. The paper also discusses managerial implications for sales targeting and sales approaches arising from the model.
The Dynamic Impact Of Innovative Capability And Inter-Firm Network On Firm Valuation: A Longitudinal Study Of Biotechnology Start-Ups, Yanfeng Zheng, Jing Liu, Gerard George
The Dynamic Impact Of Innovative Capability And Inter-Firm Network On Firm Valuation: A Longitudinal Study Of Biotechnology Start-Ups, Yanfeng Zheng, Jing Liu, Gerard George
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
Prior research suggests that a high technology start-up's innovative capability and inter-firm network influence its performance and consequently, firm valuation. Few studies consider their joint influence and even fewer consider the temporal change of those effects on firm valuation. In this study, we propose that firm age, a key organizational variable, represents both the development of organizational routines from a start-up's perspective and the accumulation of accessible information from an investor's viewpoint. As such, an investor's evaluation of a high technology start-up's innovative capability and inter-firm network evolves with firm age. Using panel data of 170 biotechnology start-ups, our results …
China's Innovation Landscape, Kenneth G. Huang
China's Innovation Landscape, Kenneth G. Huang
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
The People's Republic of China has experienced three decades of sustained, strong annual economic growth as it transitions from a centrally planned economy to a free market. Currently the world's second largest economy, China recognizes scientific and technological innovation as an increasingly important strategy to fuel the next phase of its productivity growth. However, the drivers and trajectories of China's scientific and technological growth remain under-investigated. To understand elements of China's innovative activities, particularly in science and technology, an analysis of comprehensive patent data provided by the State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) of China is presented here.