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2006

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Articles 31 - 60 of 88

Full-Text Articles in Organizational Behavior and Theory

Editor's Introduction, Tony Butterfield, Mzamo Mangaliso Sep 2006

Editor's Introduction, Tony Butterfield, Mzamo Mangaliso

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

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Indoctrination, Diversity, And Teaching About Spirituality And Religion In The Workplace, Donald W. Mccormmick Sep 2006

Indoctrination, Diversity, And Teaching About Spirituality And Religion In The Workplace, Donald W. Mccormmick

Organization Management Journal

The author reflects on his experience and discusses problems in teaching a course about spirituality and religion in the workplace. Sometimes indoctrination happens when professors treat their own spiritual ideology as the truth, or they require students to engage in religious practices in class. Indoctrination is teaching people “to accept a system of thought uncritically.” The management education literature has little to say about indoctrination. Indoctrination can be avoided by (1) ensuring informed consent, (2) designing learning activities for students from all spiritual perspectives, (3) teaching about the topic (instead of taking the “how to” approach), (4) presenting diverse spiritual …

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The New Breed Of Black South African Senior Managers: Helping South African Businesses Meet The Challenge Of A Transforming Economy, Sylvia Sloan Black, Marta A. Geletkanycz Sep 2006

The New Breed Of Black South African Senior Managers: Helping South African Businesses Meet The Challenge Of A Transforming Economy, Sylvia Sloan Black, Marta A. Geletkanycz

Organization Management Journal

Blacks, while still not an integral part of the management structure in the South African economy, are making gains. As management composition changes, cultural issues will become more salient. Early senior black managers were well versed in the Anglo/American cultures due to foreign education and work experience. Future gains will likely come from internal promotion. This new breed of black managers will be more immersed in their native culture. We posit that, although conflicts between Anglo/American business customs and customs based on the African ubuntu tradition may occur, South African firms will become stronger through increased diversity in senior management …

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The Impact Of Managerial Networking Relationships On Organizational Performance In Sub­Saharan Africa: Evidence From Ghana, Moses Acquaah Sep 2006

The Impact Of Managerial Networking Relationships On Organizational Performance In Sub­Saharan Africa: Evidence From Ghana, Moses Acquaah

Organization Management Journal

This paper focuses on how managerial networking relationships developed with external entities affect organizational performance using survey data from organizations in Ghana. Networking relationships with external entities are established so as to obtain resources, valuable information, and to acquire and exploit knowledge, in order to overcome the high level of uncertainty in the business environment. The findings provide strong support that managerial networking relationships developed with top managers of other firms, government bureaucratic officials, community leaders, and leaders of employee unions and representatives enhance organizational performance. However, managerial networking relationships developed with politicians at different levels of government are either …

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Mindsets And Internationalization Success: An Exploratory Study Of The British Retail Grocery Industry, Sucheta Nadkarni, Pedro David Perez, Benjamin Morganstein Sep 2006

Mindsets And Internationalization Success: An Exploratory Study Of The British Retail Grocery Industry, Sucheta Nadkarni, Pedro David Perez, Benjamin Morganstein

Organization Management Journal

Despite the growing pressures of internationalization, failures in international efforts are becoming increasingly widespread. Previous literature has developed external environmental and internal firm-specific explanations of international success, but has ignored the role of mindsets in understanding international failures. This gap is especially important because recent studies contend that the mindsets or the way top managers make sense of their global environment is central to international decision making and outcomes. We propose that mindsets are important in explaining international success. We compare the mindsets of two matched firms in the British retail grocery industry—one successful (Tesco) and another unsuccessful (Sainsbury)—from 1988 …

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Video-Based Versus Written Situational Judgment Tests: A Comparison In Terms Of Predictive Validity, Filip Lievens, Paul R. Sackett Sep 2006

Video-Based Versus Written Situational Judgment Tests: A Comparison In Terms Of Predictive Validity, Filip Lievens, Paul R. Sackett

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this study, the authors examined whether video-based situational judgment tests (SJTs) have higher predictive validity than written SJTs (keeping verbal content constant). The samples consisted of 1, 159 students who completed a video-based version of an SIT and 1,750 students who completed the same SIT in a written format. The study was conducted in a high stakes testing context. The video-based version of an interpersonally oriented SJT had a lower correlation with cognitive ability than did the written version. It also had higher predictive and incremental validity for predicting interpersonally oriented criteria than did the written version. In this …

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Verbal And Nonverbal Impression Management Tactics In Behavior Description And Situational Interviews, Helga Peeters, Filip Lievens Sep 2006

Verbal And Nonverbal Impression Management Tactics In Behavior Description And Situational Interviews, Helga Peeters, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigated how structured interview formats, instructions to convey favorable impressions, and applicants' individual differences influenced the use and effectiveness of verbal and nonverbal impression management (IM). Results from 190 people who were screened for a training program demonstrated that interview format affected the kind of tactics used, which in turn positively influenced interviewer evaluations. Behavior description interviews triggered self-focused (and defensive) tactics, whereas situational interviews triggered other-focused tactics. Instructions to convey a desirable impression also enhanced the use of specific tactics (self-focused and other-focused verbal IM tactics) and moderated the effects of individual differences on IM use. IM …

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A Study Of Training And Development (T&D) In The Irish Financial Services Sector, Colin Hughes Aug 2006

A Study Of Training And Development (T&D) In The Irish Financial Services Sector, Colin Hughes

Masters

The proliferation of reports on ‘lifelong learning’ in recent years has brought to the fore the importance of workplace learning. In the present knowledge economy companies with highly knowledgeable and skilled employees have a competitive edge and organisational competitiveness has a direct effect on national competitiveness. The findings of recent reports (McIvor 2004; Chisholm et al 2004; NCPP 2005) suggest that the Republic of Ireland ranks poorly in relation to her European neighbours when it comes to adult participation in lifelong learning. Additionally, out of 15 EU countries, learning in the workplace is least popular in Ireland (Chisholm et al …

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Teamwork In Chinese Organizations: A New Concept And Framework, Ying Liu Jul 2006

Teamwork In Chinese Organizations: A New Concept And Framework, Ying Liu

Psychology Theses & Dissertations

Teamwork has always been a challenge in China, and the importance of teamwork has not been well recognized. This study was designed to explore the underlying definition of teamwork that Chinese people use to describe their teams, to identify variables related to teamwork, to develop a new framework and measure of teamwork in Chinese organizations, and to test the psychometric properties of the measure as well as the structural relationships of the new framework of teamwork in Chinese teams. This study also examines the influence of guanxi---an important Chinese cultural value that emphasizes exchange and reciprocity in relationships---on teamwork in …

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Gender Differences In Perceived Work Demands, Family Demands, And Life Stress Among Married Chinese Employees, Jaepil Choi, Chao C. Chen Jul 2006

Gender Differences In Perceived Work Demands, Family Demands, And Life Stress Among Married Chinese Employees, Jaepil Choi, Chao C. Chen

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although gender-based division of labour and the identity theory of stress suggest that the relationship between work and family demands and life stress may vary as a function of gender, it is largely unknown whether these arguments are also valid in China. To address this gap in the existing literature, the current study investigates the gender differences in perceived work and family demands, and the effects of these perceived demands on the life stress of Chinese male and female employees. The study of 153 married Chinese employees found that Chinese women perceived a higher level of family demands than did …

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Empowerment Through Choice?: A Critical Analysis Of The Effects Of Choice In Organizations, Roy Y. J. Chua, Sheena S. Iyengar Jul 2006

Empowerment Through Choice?: A Critical Analysis Of The Effects Of Choice In Organizations, Roy Y. J. Chua, Sheena S. Iyengar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The provision of choice is one of the most common vehicles through which managers empower employees in organizations. Although past psychological and organizational research persuasively suggests that choice confers personal agency, and is thus intrinsically motivating, emerging research indicates that there could be potential pitfalls. In this chapter, we examine the various factors that could influence the effects of choice. Specifically, we examine individual-level factors such as the chooser’s socioeconomic status and cultural background. We also examine situational factors such as the content of choice and the number of choices offered. We then expand our discussion on the effect of …

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Direct And Indirect Effects Of Third-Party Relationships On Interpersonal Trust, Donald L. Ferrin, Kurt T. Dirks, Pri P. Shah Jul 2006

Direct And Indirect Effects Of Third-Party Relationships On Interpersonal Trust, Donald L. Ferrin, Kurt T. Dirks, Pri P. Shah

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Past studies of the determinants of interpersonal trust have focused primarily on how trust forms in isolated dyads. Yet within organizations, trust typically develops between individuals who are embedded in a complex web of existing and potential relationships. In this article, the authors identify 3 alternative ways in which a trustor and trustee may be linked to each other via third parties: network closure (linked via social interactions with third parties), trust transferability (linked via trusted third parties), and structural equivalence (linked via the similarity of their relationships with all potential third parties within the organization). Each of these is …

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Knowledge Entrepreneurship: A New Paradigm For Organizational Performance, S.M Taha Jul 2006

Knowledge Entrepreneurship: A New Paradigm For Organizational Performance, S.M Taha

Business Review

Last decade of the twentieth century experienced cataclysmic changes in organizations’ structure and their performance. Organizations are now considered as sentient being. They think through their systems; they plan through their functionaries; they perform through their resources (human and capital assets). Now they have become a basic building bloc of our today’s corporate world. We can list several themes that brought changes in culture, design and environment of contemporary organizations all over the world. These include: globalization, interdependence and free markets economy. These trends forced countries and organizations to reshape their economic and business strategies. One factor, however that can …

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The Business Of Employing People With Disabilities: Four Case Studies, Alexander A. Boni-Saenz, Allen W. Heinemann, Deborah S. Crown, Linda L. Emanuel Jun 2006

The Business Of Employing People With Disabilities: Four Case Studies, Alexander A. Boni-Saenz, Allen W. Heinemann, Deborah S. Crown, Linda L. Emanuel

All Faculty Scholarship

This exploratory study examines employer attitudes towards people with disabilities in the labor market. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews with senior management, human resources staff, directors of diversity, and hiring managers at four corporations, it pinpoints reasons why businesses chose to hire people with disabilities, investigates the perceived benefits and barriers to hiring people with disabilities, and identifies strategies for successfully hiring and retaining workers with disabilities. It fills a gap in examining the attitudes and decision-making processes of U.S. companies that have been leaders in hiring people with disabilities, as well as delving into the special issues of small businesses …

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Leadership In Higher Education--Its Evolution And Potential: A Unique Role Facing Critical Challenges, Bryan L. Smith, Aaron W. Hughey Jun 2006

Leadership In Higher Education--Its Evolution And Potential: A Unique Role Facing Critical Challenges, Bryan L. Smith, Aaron W. Hughey

Counseling & Student Affairs Faculty Publications

Leadership is a key ingredient in the ultimate success or failure of any organization. In this article the authors review the research on leadership in general and then focus on how leadership in the academic world is similar to, yet distinct from, leadership in the private sector. Included in this discussion are a description of how leadership in colleges and universities has evolved, the characteristics that are unique to higher education together with their implications for effective leadership, and consideration of the immense challenges academic leaders face as they attempt to keep higher education responsive to the needs of business …

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Do We Stand On Common Ground? A Threat Appraisal Model For Terror Alerts Issued By The Department Of Homeland Security, Augustine Pang, Jin Yan, Glen T. Cameron Jun 2006

Do We Stand On Common Ground? A Threat Appraisal Model For Terror Alerts Issued By The Department Of Homeland Security, Augustine Pang, Jin Yan, Glen T. Cameron

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The fabric and faces of threat, and the expediency and efficiency in the communication of threat, are examined with a threat appraisal model. This model is empirically tested on an ongoing communication challenge, the issuance of terror alerts by the United States' Department of Homeland Security (DHS), focusing on how threat is appraised by both the conservative and liberal audiences. Findings showed a shared view by the DHS and conservative audiences on the levels and nature of threats; liberal audiences thought otherwise. Though there appeared to be a consensus between the conservative and liberal audiences on the efficacy of threat …

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Make, Buy, Or Ally: A Transaction Cost Theory Meta-Analysis, Inge Geyskens, Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp, Nirmalya Kumar Jun 2006

Make, Buy, Or Ally: A Transaction Cost Theory Meta-Analysis, Inge Geyskens, Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp, Nirmalya Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Since the publication of Williamson's Markets and Hierarchies, many empirical articles have investigated the tenets of transaction cost theory. Using meta-analytic techniques, we quantitatively synthesized and evaluated transaction cost-based empirical research on organizational boundary (make, buy, or ally) decisions. We found strong support for the theory for both make versus buy and ally versus buy decisions. However, we did not find evidence that asset specificity had stronger predictive power than uncertainty. Hierarchical and relational governance appropriately aligned with transaction dimensions both led to enhanced performance. On the basis of our meta-analysis, we provide directions for future research.

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Threats To The Operational Use Of Situational Judgment Tests In The College Admission Process, Michael J. Cullen, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens Jun 2006

Threats To The Operational Use Of Situational Judgment Tests In The College Admission Process, Michael J. Cullen, Paul R. Sackett, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examined the coachability of two situational judgment tests, the College Student Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Situational Judgment Inventory (SJI), developed for consideration as selection instruments in the college admission process. Strategies for raising scores on each test were generated, and undergraduates were trained in the use of the strategies using a video-based training program. Results indicated that the CSQ was susceptible to coaching. In addition, the scoring format of the CSQ was found to be easily exploited, such that trainees could increase their scores by greater than 1 SD simply by avoiding extreme responses on that test. The …

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Dynamics Of Trust In Guanxi Networks, Roy Y. J. Chua, Michael W. Morris Jun 2006

Dynamics Of Trust In Guanxi Networks, Roy Y. J. Chua, Michael W. Morris

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Interpersonal trust is an important element of Chinese guanxi network. In this chapter, we examine Chinese guanxi network from a trust perspective. We adopt the distinction that trust could be built on either a socio-emotional basis (affect-based trust) or an instrumental basis (cognition-based trust) and use this lens to examine cultural differences in Chinese and Western social networks. Specifically, we will discuss (a) how the two dimensions of trust are related in the Chinese versus American context, and (b) how affect-based trust is associated with different forms of social exchange in Chinese versus American social networks. Because dyadic relationships are …

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From The Editor-In-Chief, Jeanie M. Forray May 2006

From The Editor-In-Chief, Jeanie M. Forray

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

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Editor's Introduction, Michael Elmes May 2006

Editor's Introduction, Michael Elmes

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

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Editors' Introduction, Steve Meisel, Carole Elliott May 2006

Editors' Introduction, Steve Meisel, Carole Elliott

Organization Management Journal

No abstract provided.

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Taking The Charisma Out: Teaching As Facilitation, Joseph A. Raelin May 2006

Taking The Charisma Out: Teaching As Facilitation, Joseph A. Raelin

Organization Management Journal

The author provides a personal account of his transition from attempting to use charisma to transmit knowledge to students to removing it so that students can themselves experience knowledge as a basis for learning. Consistent with inquiry-based democratic pedagogy, the author demonstrates how he became more a facilitator of learning than its transmitter. He shows how putting charisma into unscheduled classroom inquiry rather than into the teacher’s delivery can produce knowledge collectively and concurrently co-constructed in service of action.

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Course-Linked Service-Learning In Management Education: Lessons Learned, Susan R. Madsen May 2006

Course-Linked Service-Learning In Management Education: Lessons Learned, Susan R. Madsen

Organization Management Journal

One reason that academic service-learning is still not utilized in some schools of business is that their faculty and administrators remain uninformed and uneducated about this pedagogy. This article was written to help bridge the gap between theory and practice with regard to the actual design and implementation of servicelearning in management education. In this article, I will discuss the design, implementation, experiences, student suggestions, changes, and reflections related to a human resource course taught during the springs of 2003 and 2004.

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Student Self-Assessment: A Tool For Engaging Management Students In Their Learning, Andy T. Dungan, Leigh Gronich Mundhenk May 2006

Student Self-Assessment: A Tool For Engaging Management Students In Their Learning, Andy T. Dungan, Leigh Gronich Mundhenk

Organization Management Journal

This article discusses the use of student self-assessment (SSA) for formative and summative assessment in two undergraduate programs, a management program and a leadership program, to encourage students to become more engaged in their learning. Using action research, we used an iterative process of changing or refining our methods to accommodate the differences in our teaching environments, concluding that different methods may be desirable in different environments, and that students appear to benefit from SSA regardless of the method used. Five overlapping themes emerged in the data we collected: how SSA 1) provided students with the opportunity to see the …

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A Strategic Management Learning Laboratory: Integrating The College Classroom And The College Human Resource Management Environment, Theodore D. Peters, Jeffrey S. Yanagi May 2006

A Strategic Management Learning Laboratory: Integrating The College Classroom And The College Human Resource Management Environment, Theodore D. Peters, Jeffrey S. Yanagi

Organization Management Journal

This capstone course extended the classroom to include practitioner-focused research projects and presentations to senior-level campus management. The course served as a student learning laboratory for experiencing working-world settings, problems, and expectations, using the controlled environment of a college human resource management office, working with the Director of Human Resource Management. Learning outcomes included 1) effectively using multiple business communication skills, 2) applying quantitative and qualitative reasoning for problem solving to integrate, synthesize and apply complex information for addressing practical problems; 3) experience in adapting to a real-life, changing environment, and 4) making management decisions that reflected the dynamic interrelationships …

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Managing Conflict To Build Consensus, Christine G. Springer May 2006

Managing Conflict To Build Consensus, Christine G. Springer

Public Policy and Leadership Faculty Research

The article discusses views on dealing with conflict to build consensus in strategic management. Fostering conflict to improve decision making while building consensus so essential to effective implementation demands the stimulation of debate, keeping conflict constructive, ascertaining that the process is fair and legitimate and being able to reach closure.

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Predicting Adverse Impact And Mean Criterion Performance In Multistage Selection, Wifried De Corte, Filip Lievens, Paul R. Sackett May 2006

Predicting Adverse Impact And Mean Criterion Performance In Multistage Selection, Wifried De Corte, Filip Lievens, Paul R. Sackett

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The authors present an analytical method to assess the average criterion performance of the selected candidates as well as the adverse impact and the cost of general multistage selection decisions. The method extends previous work on the analytical estimation of multistage selection outcomes to the case in which the applicant pool is a mixture of applicant populations that differ in their average performance on the selection predictors. Next, the method was used to conduct 3 studies of important issues practitioners and researchers have with multistage selection processes. Finally, the authors indicate how the method can be integrated into a broader …

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A Construct-Driven Investigation Of Gender Differences In A Leadership-Role Assessment Center, Neil Anderson, Filip Lievens, Karen Van Dam, Marise Born May 2006

A Construct-Driven Investigation Of Gender Differences In A Leadership-Role Assessment Center, Neil Anderson, Filip Lievens, Karen Van Dam, Marise Born

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study examined gender differences in a large-scale assessment center for officer entry in the British Army. Subgroup differences were investigated for a sample of 1,857 candidates: 1,594 men and 263 women. A construct-driven approach was chosen (a) by examining gender differences at the construct level, (b) by formulating a priori hypotheses about which constructs would be susceptible to gender effects, and (c) by using both effect size statistics and latent mean analyses to investigate gender differences in assessment center ratings. Results showed that female candidates were rated notably higher on constructs reflecting an interpersonally oriented leadership style (i.e., oral …

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Within And Beyond Communities Of Practice: Making Sense Of Learning Through Participation, Identity And Practice, Karen Handley, Andrew Sturdy, Robin Fincham, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark May 2006

Within And Beyond Communities Of Practice: Making Sense Of Learning Through Participation, Identity And Practice, Karen Handley, Andrew Sturdy, Robin Fincham, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Situated learning theory offers a radical critique of cognitivisttheories of learning, emphasizing the relational aspects of learning withincommunities of practice in contrast to the individualist assumptions ofconventional theories. However, although many researchers have embraced thetheoretical strength of situated learning theory, conceptual issues remainundeveloped in the literature. Roberts, for example, argues in this issue thatthe notion of ‘communities of practice’– a core concept in situated learningtheory – is itself problematic. To complement her discussion, this paperexplores the communities of practice concept from several perspectives.Firstly, we consider the perspective of the individual learner, and examine theprocesses which constitute ‘situated learning’. Secondly, we …

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