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Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

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Articles 871 - 900 of 914

Full-Text Articles in Organizational Behavior and Theory

Foreign Country Priorities In The Internationalization Process: A Measure And An Exploratory Test On British Firms, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Derek S. Pugh Jun 2001

Foreign Country Priorities In The Internationalization Process: A Measure And An Exploratory Test On British Firms, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Derek S. Pugh

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

After a critical analysis of the psychic distance aspect of the Uppsala model of internationalization and empirical studies to test it, this paper proposes a measure to enable comparison between target foreign countries in the priority given them in the internationalization process. An International Priority Index is developed for each target country, and used as the dependent variable in a model to analyze the effects of the independent variables of size of market, affluence of market, geographical distance and cultural distance on foreign country priority choice of home country firms. The measure and the model are given a first test …

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Assessors And Use Of Assessment Centre Dimensions: A Fresh Look At A Troubling Issue, Filip Lievens May 2001

Assessors And Use Of Assessment Centre Dimensions: A Fresh Look At A Troubling Issue, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Previous studies on the construct validity of assessment centres have generally produced puzzling results. The premise of this study is that these prior studies were relatively one-sided. Actually, most previous studies were field studies, which typically used the multitrait-multimethod approach to distinguish between two sources of variance (i.e., exercises and dimensions). Therefore, this study aims to shed light on the issue of assessment centre construct validity by addressing substantive and methodological concerns inherent in previous research. In this study, 85 industrial and organizational psychology students and 39 managers rated videotaped assessment centre candidates in three exercises on six dimensions. Results …

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Understanding The Assessment Center Process: Where Are We Now?, Filip Lievens, Richard J Klimoski Apr 2001

Understanding The Assessment Center Process: Where Are We Now?, Filip Lievens, Richard J Klimoski

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Assessment centers have become widespread in Western Europe, Northern America, and Australia (Newell & Shackleton, 1994). The Task Force on Assessment Center Guidelines (1989) defined assessment centers as “a standardized evaluation of behavior based on multiple inputs. Multiple trained observers and techniques are used. Judgments about behaviors are made, in major part, from specifically developed assessment simulations. These judgments are pooled in a meeting among the assessors or by a statistical integration process” (p. 460).

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Assessor Training Strategies And Their Effects On Accuracy, Interrater Reliability, And Discriminant Validity, Filip Lievens Apr 2001

Assessor Training Strategies And Their Effects On Accuracy, Interrater Reliability, And Discriminant Validity, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study compares the effects of data-driven assessor training with schema-driven assessor training and control training. The sample consisted of 229 industrial and organizational psychology students and 161 managers who were randomly assigned to 1 of these training strategies. Participants observed and rated candidates in an assessment center exercise. The data-driven and schema-driven assessor training approaches outperformed the control training on all 3 dependent variables. The schema-driven assessor training resulted in the largest values of interrater reliability, dimension differentiation, and accuracy. Managers provided significantly more-accurate ratings than students but distinguished less between the dimensions. Practical implications regarding the design of …

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Examining The Impact Of Destructive Acts In Marketing Channel Relationships, Jonathan D. Hibbard, Nirmalya Kumar, Lisa W. Stern Feb 2001

Examining The Impact Of Destructive Acts In Marketing Channel Relationships, Jonathan D. Hibbard, Nirmalya Kumar, Lisa W. Stern

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In virtually all marketing channel relationships, one of the parties eventually will engage in an action that another channel member considers potentially destructive for the relationship. How a particular channel member reacts to such an act has implications for the long-term viability and success of the relationship. On the basis of a large data set collected from both a focal supplier and its independent dealers, the authors classify dealers' responses to a supplier's destructive acts by extending the response 'typology of exit, voice, and loyalty, which is based on Hirschman's seminal writings on responses to decline in organizations and states. …

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Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Individual Knowledge And Contribution In Learning Organizations, Bin Zhao, Hwee Hoon Tan Jan 2001

Psychological Mechanisms Underlying Individual Knowledge And Contribution In Learning Organizations, Bin Zhao, Hwee Hoon Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Although much has been written about how to set up learning organizations, there is a paucity of research on understanding employees’ willingness to learn or contribute knowledge in such activities, a key element in the success of organizational learning. This paper presents models for understanding individuals’ willingness to learn and individuals’ willingness to contribute in organizational settings. Through the examination of the psychological mechanisms underlying individuals’ willingness to learn and to contribute, we will further our understanding on the individual and contextual factors that affect employees’ decision to learn and contribute in organizational learning activities. Drawing from the literature, we …

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Kindness In Cyberspace? The Sharing Of Valuable Goods Online, Sheen S. Levine Jan 2001

Kindness In Cyberspace? The Sharing Of Valuable Goods Online, Sheen S. Levine

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

No abstract provided.

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Organizational Attractiveness For Prospective Applicants: A Person-Organisation Fit Perspective, Filip Lievens, Christoph Decaesteker, Pol Coetsier, Jo Geimaert Jan 2001

Organizational Attractiveness For Prospective Applicants: A Person-Organisation Fit Perspective, Filip Lievens, Christoph Decaesteker, Pol Coetsier, Jo Geimaert

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigates which of four objective organisational characteristics determine the attractiveness of organisations for prospective applicants and the degree to which the Big Five personality factors moderate the effects of some of these organisational attributes. To this end, 359 final-year students (engineering and business majors, 71% men, mean age = 22.4 years) read short descriptions of organisations. These descriptions varied on four organisational characteristics (i.e. organisation size, level of internationalisation, pay mix, and level of centralisation). The students had to indicate their attraction to the organisation. Additionally, they provided self-ratings on a personality inventory. The results show that prospective …

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Privatization In Emerging Economies: An Agency Theory Perspective, Bavi Dharwadkar, Gerard George, Pamela Brandes Jul 2000

Privatization In Emerging Economies: An Agency Theory Perspective, Bavi Dharwadkar, Gerard George, Pamela Brandes

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The ineffectiveness of several privatized firms within emerging economies underscores the importance of agency theory issues and their impact on the privatization-performance relationship. The authors argue that weak governance and limited protection of minority shareholders intensify traditional principal-agent problems (perquisite consumption and entrenchment) and create unique agency problems (expropriation). The authors suggest that postprivatization performance can be enhanced by using appropriate ownership, management, and corporate structures that mitigate agency problems in the context of weak governance, and they highlight avenues for research.

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A Model Of Relational Leadership: The Integration Of Trust And Leader-Member Exchange, Holly H. Brower, F. David Schoorman, Hwee Hoon Tan Jun 2000

A Model Of Relational Leadership: The Integration Of Trust And Leader-Member Exchange, Holly H. Brower, F. David Schoorman, Hwee Hoon Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article presents a model of relational leadership based on a review of leader-member exchange (LMX) and interpersonal trust. This model asserts that the LMX relationship is built through interpersonal exchanges in which parties to the relationship evaluate the ability, benevolence, and integrity of each other. These perceptions, in turn, influence the behaviors predicted by LMX researchers. This integrated model of relational leadership provides insights into the dynamics of leader-subordinate relationships and resolves some of the inconsistencies in the LMX research without losing the richness and uniqueness of the exchange theory. A number of propositions for future research in relational …

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The Trusted General Manager And Unit Performance: Empirical Evidence Of A Competitive Advantage, James H. Davis, F. David Schoorman, Roger C. Mayer, Hwee Hoon Tan May 2000

The Trusted General Manager And Unit Performance: Empirical Evidence Of A Competitive Advantage, James H. Davis, F. David Schoorman, Roger C. Mayer, Hwee Hoon Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Employee trust for the general manager is proposed as an internal organizational characteristic that provides a competitive advantage for the firm. This paper empirically examines the relationship between trust for a business unit's general manager and organizational performance. Trust was found to be significantly related to sales, profits and employee turnover in the restaurant industry. Managers who were either more or less trusted differed significantly in perceptions of their ability, benevolence and integrity.

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Toward The Differentiation Of Trust In Supervisor And Trust In Organization, Hwee Hoon Tan, Christy S. F. Tan May 2000

Toward The Differentiation Of Trust In Supervisor And Trust In Organization, Hwee Hoon Tan, Christy S. F. Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Trust in supervisor and trust in organization are argued to be distinct but related constructs, each with its own set of antecedents and outcomes. Empirical field results supported the proposition. Although trust in supervisor and trust in organization were positively and significantly correlated, trust in supervisor was more strongly associated with proximal variables (ability, benevolence, and integrity of supervisor), whereas trust in organization was more strongly correlated with global variables (perceived organizational support and justice). This conclusion held despite the inclusion of proximal variables in the regression on trust in organization and the inclusion of global variables in the regression …

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Downsizing, Debürokratisierung Und Krisenmanagement: Neuere Entwicklungstendenzen In Malaysias Öffentlicher Verwaltung, Thomas Menkhoff Apr 2000

Downsizing, Debürokratisierung Und Krisenmanagement: Neuere Entwicklungstendenzen In Malaysias Öffentlicher Verwaltung, Thomas Menkhoff

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Der Beitrag analysiert mit Blick auf die Asienkrise Entwicklungsaspekte und ausgewählte Strukturmerkmale der öffentlichen Verwaltung in Malaysia, an die nicht zuletzt im Rahmen des derzeitigen Krisenmanagements hohe Anforderungen hinsichtlich Effizienz, Professionalität und Kundenorientiertheit gestellt werden. Besonderes Interesse gilt den vor einigen Jahren eingeleiteten Reform- und Debürokratisierungsmaßnahmen, durch die die Leistungskraft der öffentlichen Verwaltung und der in ihr Tätigen erhöht werden soll. Der Beitrag verdeutlicht die Hintergründe der anhaltenden Restrukturierungsanstrengungen, zeigt interne Schwachstellen auf und untersucht, inwieweit die öffentliche Verwaltung in der Lage ist, die an sie gestellten Erwartungen einzulösen.

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Sources Of Work-Family Conflict: A Sino-U.S. Comparison Of The Effects Of Work And Family Demands, Nini Yang, Chao C. Chen, Jaepil Choi, Yimin Zou Feb 2000

Sources Of Work-Family Conflict: A Sino-U.S. Comparison Of The Effects Of Work And Family Demands, Nini Yang, Chao C. Chen, Jaepil Choi, Yimin Zou

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Given differences in values about work and family time, it is hypothesized that Americans will experience greater family demand, which will have greater impact on work-family conflict, whereas the Chinese will experience greater work demand, which will have the greater impact on work-family conflict. The results of a survey of working men and women in the 2 countries generally support the hypotheses; however, work demand did not differ significantly between the 2 countries and did not have a greater effect than family demand on work-family conflict in China.

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Similarities And Differences In European Conceptions Of Human Resource Management: Toward A Polycentric Study, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Derek Pugh Jan 2000

Similarities And Differences In European Conceptions Of Human Resource Management: Toward A Polycentric Study, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Derek Pugh

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Increasingly managers need to distinguish between those oftheir activities and practices that can be successfully transferred acrossnational boundaries and those that will require modification in view ofdivergences between national settings. This can be determined by initiallyidentifying those features of managing organizations that remain similar acrossnational boundaries and those that are different, and then ascertaining thestrength of the forces for convergence or divergence. This article describes anexploratory attempt to conduct a polycentric (in the terms described below)research study of conceptions of human resource management in seven Europeancountries. It examines whether there is a single, shared conception of HRM thattranscends national boundaries, …

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Organizing Culture: Leader Roles, Behaviors, And Reinforcement Mechanisms, Gerard George, Randall G. Sleeth, Mark A. Siders Dec 1999

Organizing Culture: Leader Roles, Behaviors, And Reinforcement Mechanisms, Gerard George, Randall G. Sleeth, Mark A. Siders

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Organizational leaders provide the primary impetus in defining, forming and shaping corporate culture. Leadership literature emphasizes on the leader's role in "articulating a vision" and the leader's pivotal role in establishing culture by setting objectives and then removing hurdles by smoothing the path for attaining those objectives. The model of corporate culture transmission focuses on behaviors that corporate leaders employ to create, communicate and manage corporate culture. However, the model does not emphasize interpretation and identification with leader behaviors in ways that would cause members to embrace the leader's values and beliefs. Improved focus over two decades does not yet …

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A Different Look At Assessment Centers: Views Of Assessment Center Users, Filip Lievens, Hans Goemaere Dec 1999

A Different Look At Assessment Centers: Views Of Assessment Center Users, Filip Lievens, Hans Goemaere

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study aims to shed light on possible problems of assessment center users and designers when developing and implementing assessment centers. Semi-structured interviews with a representative sample of assessment center users in Flanders revealed that, besides a large variability in assessment center practice, practitioners experience problems with dimension selection and definition, exercise design, line/staff managers as assessors, distinguishing between observation and evaluation, and with the content of assessor training programs. Solutions for these problems are suggested.

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Running On The Spot? A Review Of Twenty Years Of Research On The Management Of Human Resources In Comparative And International Perspective, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Howard Gospel, John Montgomery Jun 1999

Running On The Spot? A Review Of Twenty Years Of Research On The Management Of Human Resources In Comparative And International Perspective, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Howard Gospel, John Montgomery

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Research using a comparative and international perspective on the management of human resources is examined, drawing on articles published in leading human resource management, management/ organizational behaviour and related social science journals between 1977 and 1997. In total a little under 2 per cent of the articles under review focused on the management of human resources in a comparative and international perspective. The largest group of these articles was comparative in nature (44 per cent), followed by those with an international perspective (35 per cent). A smaller number adopted a combined approach (17 per cent) and a few were separately …

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Development Of A Simulated Assessment Center, Filip Lievens Jan 1999

Development Of A Simulated Assessment Center, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In this study a simulation of an assessment center is developed consisting of videotaped performances of four candidates in three exercises: sales presentation, role-play, and group discussion. To develop the simulation, candidate profiles are constructed which vary along three dimensions: problem analysis and problem solving, interpersonal sensitivity, and planning and organizing. Dimension-specific behaviors are adapted from 173 critical incidents provided by 20 experienced assessors. As a result, scripts are written and enacted by actors. To validate the simulation, experienced assessors evaluate all candidates under optimal conditions. High interrater agreement among these experts (intraclass conelation = .9) and a high correlation …

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Doing Academic Work, Stephen Matthias Harney, Frederick Moten Jan 1999

Doing Academic Work, Stephen Matthias Harney, Frederick Moten

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

When professors get together outside the university they talk about that thing which dominates them, their work. This conversation may take the form of discussing a product of that work-a lecture in class, a research paper, committee deliberations-but most often it seems to be about conditions of work. One hears talk about course load, the trials of tenure and promotion, salaries and compensation, and of course the quality of the students on which some of academic labor is supposed to fall. In themselves, these conversations are not surprising. Mail carriers have very similar conversations, as do primary school teachers, subway …

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Generalizations About Trust In Marketing Channel Relationships Using Meta-Analysis, Inge Geyskens, Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp, Nirmalya Kumar Jul 1998

Generalizations About Trust In Marketing Channel Relationships Using Meta-Analysis, Inge Geyskens, Jan-Benedict E. M. Steenkamp, Nirmalya Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This meta-analysis examines the role of trust in marketing channels. First, the analysis of painwise relationships involving trust indicates that trust, on average, exhibits a robust and strong relationship with other channel relationship constructs under a wide range of different conditions. Next, we explored systematic patterns of variation in the correlations. The results demonstrate that the use of experiments, samples drawn from multiple industries, and US data tend to produce larger effects than the use of field studies, samples drawn from a single industry, and European data respectively do. Various other methodological characteristics of studies did not have significant effects. …

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Factors Which Improve The Construct Validity Of Assessment Centers: A Review, Filip Lievens Jul 1998

Factors Which Improve The Construct Validity Of Assessment Centers: A Review, Filip Lievens

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article reviews 21 studies which manipulated specific variables to determine their impact on the construct validity of assessment centers. This review shows that the studies regarding the impact of different observation, evaluation, and integration procedures yielded mixed results. Conversely, dimension factors (number, conceptual distinctiveness, and transparency), assessor factors (type of assessor and type of assessor training), and exercise factors (exercise form and use of role-players) were found to moderate construct validity. On the basis of the review, practical recommendations are derived to maximize the probability that practitioners design and administer an assessment center with construct validity. Finally, new perspectives …

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Managing Creativity In Organizations: A Total System Approach, Gilbert Tan Mar 1998

Managing Creativity In Organizations: A Total System Approach, Gilbert Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Organizations need creativity to adapt to the fast-changing environment and revitalize itself. In response to this need, managers have invested in various single approaches, such as, creativity training programmes, team-building, and leadership development to improve creativity. This paper argues that managing creativity in organization is a complex problem and thus requires a more integrated approach. In this paper, I have provided a theoretical framework to explain how managers can foster and sustain creativity in their organizations using a total systems approach. In the framework, I depict the organization as having four subsystems, namely, culture, techno-structural subsystems, management and people. Each …

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Telling Tales: Management Gurus' Narratives And The Construction Of Managerial Identity, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graeme Salaman Mar 1998

Telling Tales: Management Gurus' Narratives And The Construction Of Managerial Identity, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graeme Salaman

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper examines the reasons for the apparently powerful impact of management gurus' ideas (i.e. guru theory) on senior managers. An examination of the limited literature on management gurus and other related literatures suggests three explanations for the appeal of guru theory for senior managers. The first set of explanations relates to various features of management work which may heighten managers' receptivity to guru ideas. The second set focuses on the gurus themselves and emphasizes the form in which they are presented (i.e. public performances). The final set of explanations highlights the importance of the socioeconomic and cultural context within …

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Predictors Of Coping Behavior After A Layoff, Carrie R. Leana, Daniel C. Feldman, Gilbert Tan Jan 1998

Predictors Of Coping Behavior After A Layoff, Carrie R. Leana, Daniel C. Feldman, Gilbert Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A study examined the effects of individual differences and situational characteristics on individuals' use of 6 job loss coping strategies among laid-off industrial workers. In each case the predictors explained a significant portion of the variance (30%-47%) although different predictors were significantly associated with each of the 6 coping strategies. The results also suggest that the use of problem-focused and symptom-focused coping strategies are complementary rather than mutually exclusive.

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From Entrepot To Nic: Economic And Structural Policy Aspects Of Singapore's Development, Jochen Wirtz, Thomas Menkhoff Jan 1998

From Entrepot To Nic: Economic And Structural Policy Aspects Of Singapore's Development, Jochen Wirtz, Thomas Menkhoff

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper describes the development of Singapore from an entrepot to an industrialized economy and analyzes the role of its structural and industrial policies as one important factor in this success story. The advance of Singapore to an industrialized economy can be structured into four phases. Phase I, the early phase from 1959 to the mid-1960s is characterized by an import substitution policy followed together with Malaysia. Phase II describes the enhanced export-orientation and industrialization from 1967 to 1973. Phase III includes the industrial restructuring from 1973 to 1984. Phase IV describes the development towards diversification of the industrial base …

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Creating The 'Right' Impression: Towards A Dramaturgy Of Management Consultancy, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graeme Salaman Jan 1998

Creating The 'Right' Impression: Towards A Dramaturgy Of Management Consultancy, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Graeme Salaman

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article adopts a novel approach by examining the activities of management consultants in terms of the dramaturgical metaphor. This is a useful framework within which to illuminate their activities since a number of service characteristics combine to create a context within which the key task of management consultants is to convince clients of their quality and value. Impression management is therefore a core feature of consultancy work. In this sense management consultants are viewed as systems of persuasion creating compelling images which persuade clients of their quality and worth. This argument is illustrated with reference to the activities of …

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A New Look At Within-Source Interrater Reliability Of 360-Degree Feedback Ratings, Gary J. Greguras, Chet Robie Jan 1998

A New Look At Within-Source Interrater Reliability Of 360-Degree Feedback Ratings, Gary J. Greguras, Chet Robie

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigated within-source interrater reliability of supervisor, peer, and subordinate feedback ratings made for managerial development. Raters provided 360-degree feedback ratings on a sample of 153 managers. Using generalizability theory, results indicated that little within-source agreement exists; a large portion of the error variance is attributable to the combined rater main effect and Rater X Ratee effect; more raters are needed than currently used to reach acceptable levels of reliability; supervisors are the most reliable with trivial differences between peers and subordinates when the numbers of raters and items are held constant; and peers are the most reliable, followed …

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The Process Of Internationalization In The Operating Firm, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Derek S. Pugh, Geoff Mallory Dec 1997

The Process Of Internationalization In The Operating Firm, Timothy Adrian Robert Clark, Derek S. Pugh, Geoff Mallory

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Two factors have been emphasised as influencing the choice of, and subsequent shifts between, modes of foreign market servicing: (1) market-specific knowledge; and (2) the generalised knowledge from operating internationally. The process-oriented literature on internalisation has tended to emphasise the former over the latter. This article maintains that market-specific knowledge is not the only source of information available to a firm. As firms operate in foreign markets they develop, in addition to networks of institutional arrangements, a knowledge of the process of internationalization. Account therefore has to be taken of the general knowledge from operating internationally in understanding the development …

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The Power Of Trust In Manufacturer-Retailer Relationships, Nirmalya Kumar Nov 1996

The Power Of Trust In Manufacturer-Retailer Relationships, Nirmalya Kumar

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Manufacturers and retailers traditionally have seen each other as adversaries, but the benefits generated by trusting relationships between such old foes as Procter & Gamble Company and Wal-Mart Stores show that fear and intimidation may not be the most effective way for manufacturers and retailers to deal with each other after all. Studies of manufacturer-retailer relationships in a variety of industries reveal that exploiting power has three major drawbacks. it can come back to haunt a company if the balance of power changes; victims will ultimately seek ways to resist such exploitation; and working as partners allows retailers and manufacturers …

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