International Business Commons^™

The Impact Of Culture On Business Negotiations, Nadia L. Gonzalez

Honors Projects

Understanding the impact of culture and cultural differences is essential in negotiations. Using both Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory and the GLOBE Project’s nine cultural dimensions, this paper highlights the impact of culture in international business negotiations. After discussing the dimensions and various national attributes attributed to these dimensions, this paper highlights several important cultural strategies for firms to keep in mind when negotiating. It concludes with propositions and a discussion about how negotiators can improve their skills through an understanding and respect of cultural differences.

Inditex: A Case Study In Transferring Fast Fashion To International Markets, Anna Stooksbury

Senior Theses

Using Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (Inditex) and its subsidiaries as a case study, this thesis is an analysis of the largest fashion group in the world and its success in transferring a unique fast fashion business model into almost 100 markets worldwide. This thesis examines the internationalization of a large company and the steps it must take to enter into a new market, including internationalization motivations, market selection, and entrance strategies (both physical and virtual). This analysis uses an in-depth case approach to analyze the fast fashion business model that has made Inditex a success. Using extensive secondary research, …

2021 Ijbe V1 Front Matter, Tamra Connor

International Journal for Business Education

1. Editorial Board
2. President's Letter
3. SIEC-ISBE International

Cross-Border Acquisitions: A Country-Level Analysis, Jenny M. Heller

Honors College Theses

Country-level factors play an important role in the success or failure of cross-border acquisitions (i.e., acquisitions where the acquiring and target firms are in two different countries). If we are to understand and improve the success rates of these acquisitions, we must explore this issue in more depth. As globalization continues to emerge around the world, cross-border acquisitions have become a common way to enter a new foreign market. There is limited research available so far for these acquisitions on the country-level. Currently, cross-border acquisitions have failure rates of up to 70%. We analyze acquisition premium and use three dimensions …

Value Distribution And Markets For Social Justice In Global Value Chains: Interdependence Relationships And Government Policy, Lilac Nachum

Publications and Research

Global value chains are highly prone to distortions in value distribution among participants. Their global fragmentation and relational governance undermine the effectiveness of regulatory intervention in amending these distortions. In this paper, I propose a new mechanism to administer value distribution that is in tune with the nature of these production systems. Building on interdependence theory, I suggest that interdependencies inherent in the co-specialized nature of supply chains give participants the power to alter the trade-offs between investment in social causes and economic gains and to incentivize socially desired behavior. I show how the interdependence logic manifests at varying levels …

Social Media Engagement For Global Influencers, Kara Bentley, Charlene Chu, Cristina Nistor, Ekin Pehlivan, Taylan Yalcin

Business Faculty Articles and Research

Consumers use social media to create content, generate online word-of-mouth, and communicate with brands and other consumers. Consumers engage with influencers who deliver content that is timely, entertaining, and interesting to them. Many influencers have a truly global following across the world. However, there is little research on international aspects of social media influencers. Our paper leverages Hofstede’s cultural dimensions to study consumer engagement using a novel dataset of global sustainability influencers. Our results indicate that the cultural distance between the influencer and the followers is an important driver of engagement in a nuanced way. While the level of superficial, …

Liu, Lee, Jiao, And Wang, Contemporary Logistics In China: An Introduction (2011), Qing Lu

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

No abstract provided.

Hidden Sugar And Its Bitter Obstacles For The Wellbeing Of Consumers, Ai Nhan Ngo

Markets, Globalization & Development Review

This research paper explores issues pertaining to, and raises awareness about, high sugar intake among consumers, which causes several consequential health risks. The paper also points out various obstacles preventing consumers from reducing their high sugar consumption. These obstacles come from policymakers, policy influencers, the sugar industry, the food industry, and consumers themselves. For some obstacles, involvement of multiple parties was found. The research also discusses several possible solutions for improving a healthy consumption environment for consumer wellbeing.

A Critical Look At The Failure Of Mainstream Economics, Joseph M. Dipoli

Journal of Global Business Insights

Book Review

Foundations of real-world economics: What every economics student needs to know (2nd ed.), by John Komlos, New York, Routledge, 2019, 306 pp., $42.95 (Paperback), ISBN 9781138296541.

Many people in the United States of America are dissatisfied with the outcomes of the economy and some are suggesting measures that seem socialistic. The time has come to recognize that mainstream economics as taught in our schools is not serving students at all. The research sharing platform of the Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association (LACEA) states that John Komlos’s textbook Foundations of Real-World Economics: What Every Economics Student Needs to …

Blue Economy And Collaborative Strategies: A Critique Of Multi-National Enterprises, Josephine Mabuti Nthia

Journal of Global Business Insights

The concept of blue economy has been advanced by many countries as a new economic frontier aimed at development and utilization of blue ocean resources. To effectively develop a blue economy, capital intensive infrastructure, human and intellectual resources are required although they have been found to vary between countries or regions due economic or natural endowments. A theoretical analysis of relevant theories including: Foreign Direct Investment and eclectic model, Transaction Cost, and Stakeholder theories was undertaken. Further, a critical conceptual analysis covering fifty-five articles on blue economy and collaborative strategies with multinational enterprises (MNEs) was conducted to in an attempt …

Who Are The Most Inclined To Learn? Evidence From Chinese Multinationals' Internationalization In The European Union, Liang Chen, Yi Li, Di Fan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

While it is widely recognised that an asset-augmenting rather than asset-exploiting strategy drives emerging multinationals' (EMNEs) internationalization, current research focuses on the motivations behind knowledge seeking FDI. What remains less clear is why latecomer firms can engage in learning in advanced countries. Conjoining the "Linkage-Leverage-Learning (LLL)" framework and knowledge seeking literature, this study shows how Chinese investment in the European Union reveals the preconditions for foreign knowledge sourcing. We follow a set-theoretic approach, utilizing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), to identify equifinal configurations of linkage and leverage conditions leading to high learning propensity of EMNEs. Our analysis extends the LLL …

Taking Advantage Of Institutional Weakness? Political Stability And Foreign Subsidiary Survival In Primary Industries, Nathaniel C. Lupton, Donya Behnam, Alfredo Jiménez

Faculty Publications

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the extent to which locating primary industry subsidiaries in politically unstable countries impacts their survival. The authors argue that foreign multinational enterprises in less stable political environments can shape policies that are impactful on the costs of operating in primary industries and avoid compliance with more stringent policies at home.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 753 primary sector investments of Japanese multinational enterprises during the period 1986 to 2013, the authors conduct a parametric survival analysis of the relationship between political stability and subsidiary survival.

Findings

Political instability has a slight, curvilinear relationship with …

What Tesla’S $1.5 Billion Bet On Bitcoin Means For Crypto Legitimacy, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

Some significant issues need to be resolved before Tesla can accept Bitcoin as a legitimate method of payment, says UNSW Business School's Mark Humphery-Jenner

Determinants Of Entrepreneurial Venture Growth In The Philippines Using The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, Brian C. Gozun, John Paolo R. Rivera

Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI)

Entrepreneurial venture growth requires the capacity to produce products that are acceptable to the market, and the level of support given to enterprises helps them produce, innovate, and gain market access. However, entrepreneurs are faced with challenges related to physical and social infrastructure, local and global business environment, a level playing field, access to financing, and access to skill development and knowledge. If these remain unmitigated, they have the potential to hamper entrepreneurial growth. Hence, we inquire on the critical drivers of venture growth that will allow entrepreneurs to stimulate their enterprises using founder characteristics, firm attributes, and entrepreneurial strategies. …

Causality Between Actual And Expected Inflation In Central And Eastern Europe: Evidence Using A Heterogeneous Panel Analysis, Yingying Xu, Zhixin Lu, Chi-Wei Su, Jaime Ortiz

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

This study applies a panel Granger non-causality test to explore the causal relationships between actual and expected inflation in Czechia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Romania. The empirical results for these Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries show significantly positive causalities running from actual to expected inflation. However, the effect of actual inflation on inflation expectation weakens in Hungary and Romania following a financial crisis, and causality is no longer significant for Czechia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland. Domestic policies remain important for the management of actual and expected inflation, regardless of the monetary policy regime adopted.

Using The Green Climate Fund To Build Stronger Infrastructures Among Sids: A Comparative Analysis Of Tonga And Haiti, Mauricio Gomez Novoa

Global Sustainable Development Projects

The last two decades have drawn significant attention to the lack of infrastructure and adaptation plans accessible for the protection against climate-related hazards, especially those implemented in developing communities where low-income individuals are disproportionately affected. Small Island Developing States, also referred to as SIDS, are known for their limited resources, as well as their high susceptibility to environmental and economic shocks. Officially launched in 2010 by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the Green Climate Fund is a US $100 billion dollar fund approved by 196 sovereign governments to help lower-income countries shift to low emission, climate-resilient …

Innovation Capacity: A Firm Level Response To Subsidy Activity In A National Setting, Assyad Al-Wreiket, Royce D. Burnett, Christopher J. Skousen, Ouadie Akaaboune

Accounting Faculty Publications

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect subsidies have on firm-level innovation across Eastern European and Central Asian countries and to assess if these effects move to increase firm-level capability. Specifically, we investigate the extent subsidy programs act to shape and guide firm-level innovative capabilities and how the presence of such capabilities affect operational performance. We employ a Probit model to investigate firm-level innovation and OLS regression to assess how subsidies, in association with the decision to adopt foreign technology and in-house research and development (R&D) affect firm productive capacity. Results suggest subsidies promote innovation and that …

Microfoundations Approach To Risk And Uncertainty In The Uppsala Internationalization Process, John P. Merli

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study answers rising calls in International Business to employ a microfoundations approach for greater insight on differences in managerial cognition for entering business in high-risk locations. Consequently, findings challenge the Uppsala model’s longstanding stance concerning the risk-internationalization association governed by strict firm-level analysis. I examine CEO decision-making through the lens of their values, represented by their political ideology score along the liberal-conservative continuum, to offer greater predictability for rationalizing strategic choices. Accordingly, political ideology proved a significant predictor for explaining the circumstances in which CEOs elect high-risk locations based on their political ideology’s degree of liberalism. Additionally, its interactions …

Banking On Her: The Effects Of Microfinance On Women’S Autonomy In Developing Economies, Zena Pare

Mahurin Honors College Capstone Experience/Thesis Projects

Once applauded as a way to empower the world’s poorest, and in particular benefit women, the practice of microfinance is now perceived with a much more cautious and nuanced lens. Some perspectives state that microfinance improves women’s lives and uplifts communities, while others claim that it increases over-indebtedness and does not provide a viable path to escape poverty. In order to determine if microfinance is an effective use of resources to empower women, this paper analyzes the relationship between women’s autonomy and microfinance to provide further insight into its proposed positive and negative effects. Using ordinary least squares regression analysis, …

The Global Goals: Bringing Education For Sustainable Development Into U.S. Business Schools, Nancy E. Landrum

School of Environmental Sustainability: Faculty Publications and Other Works

Purpose – This paper aims to learn how sustainability and the circular economy were being integrated into the curriculum of a Dutch university and to transfer that knowledge back to a US university business school curriculum. Given the resistance toward integrating sustainability into the US business school curriculum, the Dutch university served as a role model for education for sustainable development.

Design/methodology/approach – This case study used ethnographic methods of participant observation over a four-month residency at the Dutch university.

Findings – Themes observed are as follows: success in the current context relied upon sustainability being integrated into the culture …

The Impact Of Unequal Processing Time Variability On Reliable And Unreliable Merging Line Performance, Rodrigo Romero-Silva, Sabry Shaaban, Erika Marsillac, Zouhair Laaarraf

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

Research on merging lines is expanding as their use grows significantly in the contexts of remanufacturing, reverse logistics and developing economies. This article is the first to study the behavior of unpaced, reliable, and unreliable merging assembly lines that are deliberately unbalanced with respect to their coefficients of variation (CV). Conducting a series of simulation runs with varying line lengths, buffer storage capacities and unbalanced CV patterns delivers intriguing results. For both reliable and unreliable lines, the best pattern for generating higher throughput is found to be a balanced configuration (equal CVs along both parallel lines), except for unreliable lines …

Improving Stock Trading Decisions Based On Pattern Recognition Using Machine Learning Technology, Yaohu Lin, Shancun Liu, Haijun Yang, Harris Wu, Bingbing Jiang

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

PRML, a novel candlestick pattern recognition model using machine learning methods, is proposed to improve stock trading decisions. Four popular machine learning methods and 11 different features types are applied to all possible combinations of daily patterns to start the pattern recognition schedule. Different time windows from one to ten days are used to detect the prediction effect at different periods. An investment strategy is constructed according to the identified candlestick patterns and suitable time window. We deploy PRML for the forecast of all Chinese market stocks from Jan 1, 2000 until Oct 30, 2020. Among them, the data from …

A Review Of Two Decades Of Research On Language In International And Multicultural Marketing (1997 – 2020) – Supplemental Material, Yung-Hwal Park, Kevin Lehnert

Other Faculty Publications

This comprehensive review piece investigates over two decades of research, reflecting on the crucial role of language in international marketing success. In coding and summarizing 181 articles, this work highlights how language has impacted international-marketing-related outcomes across 19 specific content areas. Those content areas are then grouped into seven broad research themes relating to language: Marketing Communications; Linguistics; Branding; Consumer Behavior; Servicescape and Retailing; Internationalization, Supply Chain and Sales; Bilingualism. We synthesize these themes and the common outcomes of the research. From these themes we highlight challenges to the field and explore future research in language in international marketing.

Exploring The Formation Mechanism Of Radical Technological Innovation: An Mlp Approach, Yun Sun, Hecheng Wang, Haiqing Yu, Yong Chen, Mikhail Yu Kataev, Ling Li

Information Technology & Decision Sciences Faculty Publications

This paper identifies three stages in the radical technological innovation process, namely formation process in niches, breaking out of niches and entering regimes, and new regime formation. It then adopts Multi-level Perspective (MLP) to explore the formation process, operating mechanism, breakthrough path, and impact factors of radical technological innovation. A three-phase model, which includes formation of radical innovation, breakout of radical innovation, and new regimes construction, is proposed to analyze radical technological innovation. The model is adopted in a case study to analyze the leapfrogging development of technologies in China’s mobile communication industry. This paper enriches technological innovation theory and …

The Effect Of Covid-19 On The Human Capital Management In Start-Ups In Egypt, Fayrouz El Dabbagh, Mariam Walid, Shorouk Fouda, Shahjahan Bhuiyan

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Start-ups are institutionally fragile companies that deal with high degrees of risk and uncertainty, especially during short-term shocks, such as COVID-19. This policy brief attempts to identify the needed development in the start-up supporting ecosystem under COVID-19 pandemic, with a special focus on human capital management (HCM), decent work, and labor resilience in start-ups in Egypt. The core question of the paper is: How did COVID-19 pandemic affect the HCM practices in Egyptian start-ups and what is needed for start-ups in Egypt to recover from the crisis and sustain decent jobs and labor resilience?

The Feasibility Of Containerization In The Great Lakes St. Lawrence Seaway System, Nick Edwards

Political Science Theses and Capstones

The use of waterways to transport goods has always been a staple of civilization dating back to some of our earliest days. And throughout history it has always played a pivotal role in our economies and affected the very way in which our civilizations developed. Perhaps one of the world's most important waterways is the Great Lakes that lie directly in the heart of the North American continent and connect the heartland of North America to the Atlantic Ocean. Thus, providing a vital mode of transportation for shipping a variety of products from North America’s heartland to the rest of …

Configurational-Based Institutional Analysis: Unbundling The Multi-Dimensional State Fragility Construct, Joshua K. Ault, Andrew Spicer

Faculty Publications

To guide researchers interested in replicating our configurational approach to comparative institutional analysis, we report on a methodology that builds from existing state fragility indices to differentiate between types of state fragility in 189 countries across the world. We first present the steps we used to identify three constituent dimensions of state fragility. We then report how we configured these first-order institutional measures to build a large-N, fuzzy set qualitative set analysis (fs/QCA) of variation in the degree and type of informal economic sectors found across the world. Our discussion of the methodology shows that:

• Configurational-based analysis requires unbundling aggregate …

Power Elites And State-Business Relations: Malaysia-China Selected Belt And Road Initiative Projects, Khaw Mooi Hock

Student Works (2020-2029)

This study focuses on state-state-business ties, a new phenomenon shaped by how local power elites (LPEs) collaborate with Chinese transnational corporate elites (TCEs) to implement infrastructure projects related to China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI). These LPE-TCE links, in turn, have led to the creation of novel forms of state-business relations (SBRs), with diverse outcomes and implications. In Malaysia, these state-state-business ties, forged by both countries for their respective business enterprises, were primarily a consequence of an interesting confluence of two major events, which took place between 2014 and 2016: 1) Malaysia’s 1Malaysia Development Berhad (1MDB) scandal; and 2) the …

Customer Service 2.0: The Effect Of Ryanair's Policy Change, John C. Griffith Ph.D., Donna L. Roberts Ph.D.

International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace

Customer perceptions of Ryanair and Southwest were evaluated to compare two data periods; 2012-13 and 2016-17 to determine differences in passenger perceptions between and within airlines. Quantitative data and open area comments were analyzed. A replication of a previous study for 2016-17 data indicated that customer perceptions of Ryanair improved since the implementation of a customer service program. Survey results indicated Ryanair and Southwest did not have statistically significant differences in overall ratings; a change from 2012-13 data where Southwest was rated significantly higher. Additionally, 2016-17 Ryanair customers indicated they would recommend the airline at a significantly higher rate than …

Competitive Advantages Of Cross-Border M&As To Non-Location-Bound Chinese Ict Firms, Yan Chen, Fei Li, Jaime Ortiz, Wenbo Guo

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

Cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As) undertaken by emerging market firms have been associated with competitive advantage. However, little research has focused on the transferability of this enhanced competitive advantage. Even less is known about the role played by state-owned enterprises. This paper investigates whether Chinese information and communications technology firms that undertake cross-border M&As can improve their non-location bound competitive advantage. We used cross-border data between 2010 and 2017 and propensity-score matching and differences-in-differences approaches. We found that cross-border M&As significantly improve the home-country-bound competitive advantage. However, the effect on non-location bound competitive advantage is not significant. From the perspective …