International Business Commons^™

Healthcare Facility Distribution And Utilization Of Tertiary Services: The Case Of Korea, Thomas L. Powers, Seongwon Choi

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Entrepreneurial Orientation And Performance Of Microfinance Cooperatives: Evidence From Tanzania, Grace Thomas Mori, Omari Khalifa Mbura

Business Management Review

Microfinance cooperatives (MFCs) play a key role in socio-economic development, predominantly in developing countries. However, studies focusing on the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation (EO) and the performance of MFCs are limited, particularly in Tanzania. This study was informed by the resource-based view to examine the influence of EO dimensions on the performance of MFCs in Tanzania. Specifically, the study focused on four dimensions of EO namely; innovativeness, proactiveness, risk taking, and competitive aggressiveness behaviours. Data were obtained from 299 stratified sampled managers of MFCs through the administration of a structured questionnaire. In testing this relationship, Partial Least Squares Structural Equation …

From Local Innovation To Global Impact: The Ncino Story, Fredrika J. Spencer

Atlantic Marketing Association Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Can Argentina Overcome The Lithium Natural Resource Curse? A Case Study Into Argentina's Institutional Framework For Lithium Supply Chain Development And Innovation, Colby Greene

Senior Theses

Through the analysis of the natural resource curse, the development of institutional frameworks in societal contexts, the nature of natural resource-based industry value chains, and value creation through institutions and value chains, all in the context of Argentina’s lithium industry, this paper finds that Argentina has failed to implement the necessary institutions and promote proper policy to promote value addition and real economic growth through the conduit of the development of the lithium industry, yet it is not actively a victim of the natural resource curse. In the hierarchical nature of mining value chains, Argentina has permitted their vast lithium …

The Implications Of Semiconductor Export Controls On The Innovation Activity Of Domestic Manufacturers, Mary C. Compton

Senior Theses

This thesis examines the domestic innovation effects of the October 2022 U.S. semiconductor export controls, focusing on the tradeoff between national security objectives and firm-level competitiveness. By restricting exports of advanced chips and semiconductor manufacturing equipment to China, these controls may limit cross-border revenue opportunities and natural channels of knowledge transfer. However, the innovation response of affected firms is theoretically ambiguous: reduced access to foreign markets may depress revenues and lead firms to scale back R&D expenditures as a percentage of gross revenue, thus dampening innovation intensity, or, alternatively, firms may sustain or even increase R&D allocations to overcome trade …

Profit Vs. Principle: How Formula 1 Navigates Their Global Brand Perception In The Middle East, James R. J. Celli

Senior Theses

This thesis explores how Formula 1 (F1) tries to balance its growing economic goals with the ethical questions that come with expanding into the Middle East. As F1 continues to host races in countries such as Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar, concerns have grown about whether the sport is being used for “sportswashing,” where major sporting events are meant to improve the image of governments with poor human rights records. At the same time, F1 promotes values like sustainability, equality, and human rights, which makes this situation even more complex.

The goal of this research is …

Redefining Purpose: The Effect Of The 2019 Business Roundtable Statement On Corporate Tax Strategies, Sadok El Ghoul, Rana Jamshed, Omrane Guedhami

Faculty Publications

Business Roundtable (BRT) firms have faced intense scrutiny from investors, media, and the public following their 2019 “Statement on the Purpose of a Corporation,” which marked a shift from shareholder-centric governance to a stakeholder-focused approach. This shift has sparked debate over whether BRT firms are genuinely committed to social responsibility or merely using it as a branding strategy without implementing meaningful changes. This paper contributes to the debate by empirically examining a key dimension of social responsibility—corporate tax behavior. Using a difference-in-difference analysis covering 2004–2022, we find that BRT firms engage in higher levels of tax avoidance than other publicly …

Subsidiary Autonomy, Internal Embeddedness, And Innovation: The Role Of Government Intervention In Brazilian And Mexican Multilatinas, Ji Eun Park, Dominic Buccieri

AMTP Proceedings 2026

This study examines innovation-based foreign direct investment of multilatinas. More specifically, how multilatinas utilize subsidiaries located to drive innovation performance. Partial least squares structural equation modeling is used to analyze a sample of 92 multilatinas from Brazil and Mexico. This study advances the multilatinas literature by examining how Brazilian and Mexican firms that experience varying levels of government intervention in their home countries related to internationalization and innovation pursue innovation-driven internationalization into developed markets. Our study contributes to the discussion that multilatinas are a heterogenous group despite the common history of the Latin American region.

Our results indicate that delegating …

Ai-Scm Cmm: A Capability Maturity Model For Artificial Intelligence Integration In Supply Chain Management, Lordt Becklines, Omar F. El-Gayar, Patti Brooks, Insu Park

Annual Research Symposium

Artificial intelligence is increasingly deployed in supply chain management, yet many organizations struggle to align adoption efforts with process readiness, data quality, governance, and workforce capabilities, and they still lack validated supply chain specific roadmap for assessing readiness, sequencing investments, and reducing implementation risk. This study develops and evaluates a Capability Maturity Model for Artificial Intelligence Integration in Supply Chain Management to address that gap. Using a design science research approach, the study synthesizes prior literature and practitioner knowledge to define maturity dimensions, capability indicators, and staged progression levels for AI integration in supply chain contexts. The artifact and assessment …

Community-Driven Esg Governance And Climate-Resilient Livelihoods In Ghana: Evidence From Participatory Action Research, Esi A. Elliot, Nana Opare-Djan, Mustapha Iddrisu

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

Illegal artisanal and small-scale mining (galamsey) and climate stress jointly degrade ecosystems and livelihoods in Ghana. This paper demonstrates how community-driven governance can realign incentives toward environmental stewardship and inclusive livelihoods. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design—quantitative difference-in-differences followed by qualitative case analysis and Participatory Action Research—we evaluate a structured program combining vocational training, financial literacy, environmental stewardship, and governance alignment. We operationalize Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) outcomes via transparent composite indices and triangulate survey, administrative, and focus group evidence. The study identifies conditions under which alternative livelihoods reduce participation in illegal mining, strengthen women’s economic agency, and improve …

Cbdcs Vs Decentralized Currencies: Considerations For 21st Century Global Financial Challenges, Andrew Michael Sobhy, Shuai Wang

The Downtown Review: An Interdisciplinary Journal Written and Peer-Reviewed by Mandel Honors College Students at Cleveland State University

As digital currencies gain prominence in everyday life, policymakers in the United States at the federal, state, and local levels debate the potential for innovation, surveillance, global relations, and a plethora of areas that concern citizens. While existing literature highlights the opportunities and pitfalls within this new digital age, including inclusivity and challenges to traditional banking, this study aims to contribute a quantitative approach to the discussion utilizing Federal Reserve data, studies from financial institutions, and various credible resources that hold a stake. Specifically, comparing novel Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDCs) and Decentralized Financial Currencies (DeFi) will provide a foundation …

Does Ict Use As A Strategic Response To Globalization Matter For Sme Performance In Nigeria? Mediating Roles Of Entrepreneurial Orientation, Strategic Agility, And Organizational Resilience, Uzoma H. Ononye

Journal of Global Business Insights

This study examined the effect of information and communication technology (ICT) use on small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) performance with a focus on the mediating roles of entrepreneurial orientation, strategic agility, and organizational resilience. Cross-sectional data were collected from 298 SMEs in Lagos, Nigeria, using a questionnaire based on previously validated measurement scales. Partial least squares modelling was applied to test the hypothesized five-factor model. The results demonstrate that ICT use, in response to globalization, exerts a significant and positive effect on SME performance. However, this effect is fully mediated by entrepreneurial orientation, strategic agility, and organizational resilience. The analysis …

Research On The Influence Mechanism Of Digital Transformation On The International Competitiveness Of The Srdi Smes In China, Bo Sun

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

With the continuous advancement of digital technologies, the digital economy is increasingly becoming the dominant force in the global economic landscape. Against this backdrop, the digital transformation of China's specialized, refined, distinctive, and innovative (SRDI) small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) has transcended beyond mere technological upgrades and evolved into a crucial strategy for these enterprises to build core competitiveness. Despite SRDI SMEs' strong willingness to pursue digital transformation, research is still lacking on how digital transformation efforts translate into international competitiveness Additionally, existing studies on the degree of digitalization have focused on large enterprises or general SMEs, leaving an academic …

Global Value Chains And Economic Inequality, Vivek Soundararajan, Ari Van Assche, Hari Bapuji, Gokhan Ertug

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

In their inaugural editorial, Van Assche and De Marchi (2024) argued that meaningful progress in international business policy requires a more fine-grained understanding of how private international business practices intersect with public policy objectives. This editorial builds on that insight by applying it to a critical yet still underexplored issue – one on which we hope to see more research in this journal: the role of multinational enterprises (MNEs) and global value chains (GVCs) in shaping economic inequality within developing economies. Decisions related to sourcing, contracting, and GVC governance are inherently distributional rather than neutral, with important implications for how …

Governance-By-Support: Non-Financial Incentive, Agency Costs, And Performance In Overseas Projects, Jixiang Lyu

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

As the Belt and Road Initiative continues to advance, multinational corporations from emerging economies have become increasingly reliant on expatriates to oversee overseas project execution, facilitate technology transfer, and manage on-site coordination. However, in contexts characterized by financial constraints, information opacity, and significant geographic and cultural distance, traditional Western models of expatriate management, which emphasize high compensation and tight monitoring, often prove difficult to sustain in practice. In reality, some firms are able to maintain high levels of expatriate commitment and stable overseas project performance even when expatriate compensation is below market levels. This seemingly anomalous phenomenon poses an interesting …

A Capability Maturity Model For Artificial Intelligence Integration In Supply Chain Management, Lordt Becklines

Dissertations

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming Supply Chain Management (SCM), yet many organizations struggle to assess their readiness for AI adoption and to understand how AI capabilities develop across maturity stages. This dissertation addresses this gap by developing a Capability Maturity Model (CMM) for AI integration in SCM, grounded in Organizational Information Processing Theory (OIPT), the Resource-Based View, and related capability frameworks. The model provides a structured approach for evaluating an organization's information-processing requirements, resource configurations, and alignment needed for effective AI-enabled supply chain operations.

Using a design science research approach, the AI-SCM CMM and its associated assessment instrument were derived …

Ceo Pay Differences Between Us And Non-Us Firms: A New Longitudinal Investigation, Ruiyuan (Ryan) Chen, Sadok El Ghoul, Omrane Guedhami, Feiyu Liu

Faculty Publications

Research Question/Issue

Public and academic debates typically portray US CEOs as exceptionally well paid. Yet, evidence on the existence and magnitude of a US CEO pay premium is mixed and dated. This study uses an expanded, longitudinal dataset to identify whether such a pay premium exists and explores potential differences across countries, time, and governance and institutional contexts.

Research Findings/Insights

Using a dataset of over 42,000 firm-year observations from 34 countries during 2001–2018, we document a persistent but heterogeneous US CEO pay premium. Compared with non-US peers, US CEOs receive 23% more total pay and 20% more equity-based compensation, on …

Challenges To The Internationalisation Of Small And Medium-Sized Food Crops-Based Enterprises (Smes) In Tanzania, Omari Khalifa Mbura, Sumaya M. Kagoya

Business Management Review

This paper examines the salient attributes of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) internationalisation of food crops. Using the explanatory research design the study applied the International Entrepreneurship theory and the Uppsala internationalisation process model, to specifically link the influence of internal, psychic distance and external factors to SMEs internationalisation of food crops in Tanzania. It reports the findings of a study that used a structured questionnaire to collect data from 80 randomly selected food crop exporting firms in Tanzania. The results subjected to multiple regression analysis indicate that out of the three constructs, internal and psychic distance factors had a …

Navigating Geopolitical Disruptions: Adaptive Strategies For The Agri-Food Sector, Barbara H. Skudrzyk

Dissertations

This study explores how Polish food supply chain stakeholders enhance global resilience in response to geopolitical disruptions. Focusing on the geopolitical conflict in Ukraine, this dissertation explores its effects on Poland’s agri-food supply chain and the adaptive strategies employed to foster resilience. The research aims to pinpoint and analyze the most significant operational risks within Polish agri-food supply chain stakeholders. This study explores how risks impact key areas of the supply chain, given their central role in food security and economic stability, and evaluates how well current strategies mitigate disruption and build resilience. Ultimately, this work develops a comprehensive framework …

Transmission Of Geopolitical Shocks To Firm Behavior: A Synthesis And Integrative Model, Daniel S. Andrews, Harald Puhr, April Knill

Faculty Publications

This study examines the transmission of geopolitical shocks to firm behavior. While previous research has primarily focused on the direct relation between shocks and firm behavior, we provide a more nuanced understanding by conceptualizing geopolitical shocks as disruptions that evolve through explicit and implicit channels to influence firm behavior. Based on a systematic review of 159 articles, we identify the key mechanisms that transmit the impacts of a geopolitical shock. Our findings reveal that geopolitical shocks manifest in institutions and their lower-level mechanisms, and such transmission is neither uniform nor random. Furthermore, we categorize firm behavior into distinct response modalities. …

Empowering Change From The Ground Up: Women’S Entrepreneurship In Sub-Saharan Africa’S Informal Sector, Rita Abban, Esi A. Elliot

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

Women’s entrepreneurship in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is a critical driver of socio-economic development, within the informal sector where women enterprises are concentrated. Despite substantial contributions, structural and institutional barriers impede the formalization of these businesses, curbing their economic impact. This study examines how women entrepreneurs in Ghana and SSA navigate informal practices to achieve economic mobility. Employing a systematic literature review - PRISMA framework, the research synthesizes key themes including entrepreneurial capacity, sustainability, intellectual property, and institutional support. A comparative lens incorporating Rwanda and South Africa reveals Ghana’s high rate of female entrepreneurship, predominance of informal trade, and socio-cultural dynamics …

Impact Of Foreign Direct Investment On Employment In The Metropolitan Statistical Areas Of North Carolina, Matthew Y. Xiong

Doctor of Business Administration Dissertations

Foreign direct investment (FDI) is widely recognized as a catalyst for regional economic development; however, limited research has examined its relationship with employment growth at the metropolitan level within individual U.S. states. This study examined the relationship between FDI and employment growth across fifteen North Carolina Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) from 2010 to 2019. Guided by Dunning's Eclectic (OLI) Paradigm (1988), Endogenous Growth Theory, the Human Capital/Absorptive Capacity Framework, and Institutional Capacity Theory, this quantitative study employed a balanced panel dataset of 150 MSA-year observations. Fixed-effects panel regression models with cluster-robust standard errors were used to examine the effects of …

Personal Data As Exchange: An Examination And Conceptual Framework Using Social Exchange Theory, Donna Iucolano Ph.D.

Business: Faculty Publications

This paper discusses how personal data exchanges can be examined using social exchange theories. The focus in on how personal data exchanges which are often perceived by consumers as empowering, may empower firms more instead. Key privacy related concepts are explained. Personal data exchanges between consumers and firms are then examined through the lenses of eight social exchange theories thereby presenting an organizing framework for future researchers who may investigate them. The first theory examines a fundamental concept—marketing as exchange. The next three theories focus on the consumer as an independent and rational actor and look at personal data exchanges …

China's Economic Retaliation Against Norway After Liu Xiaobo's 2010 Nobel Peace Prize, Ian Murphy, Shaomin Li

Management Faculty Publications

This case study analyzes China's geoeconomic retaliation against Norway after the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize was awarded to Liu Xiaobo. China employed non-tariff barriers, diplomatic freezes, and restricted exchanges, severely impacting sectors like salmon exports. This occurred despite the Nobel Committee's independence from the Norwegian government. Although Norway's overall economic impact was mitigated by market adjustments, the six-year diplomatic freeze significantly influenced its human rights foreign policy. This case exemplifies China's strategic use of informal economic tools to punish and deter, showcasing the link between political sensitivities and economic leverage in international relations.

Rm Sotheby’S Construction Of Value In The High-End Car Market, Pablo Mijares Musi

MA Theses

The purpose of my thesis is to tell and enlighten any readers how the most prestigious and iconic auction house in the world, RM Sotheby’s sells more than just cars from the high-end car market and how the auction house adds value to through storytelling and provenance from each vehicle.  In today’s luxury market economics, we see somewhat of a radical shift. The high-end car market has moved into a very refined area where these beautiful machines are no longer seen and appraised just for their aesthetic design and mechanical engineering, now we see new value drivers for these works …

Don't Walk By: Policy, Advocacy, And The Power Of Reconnection, Ashley Martinez, Isabella Dawkins, Hayley Tarro, Abby Hodge, Lily Stockwell, Grace Culp, Sebastian Lopez, Jesse Hartland

SPARK Symposium Presentations

Through this project, we will utilize dilemma reconciliation to address homelessness in the United States with frameworks implemented from The Netherlands and Finland.

Why Dining Out Stayed Cheap In Japan, Taketo Hayashi

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis examines why food-away-from-home inflation in Japan was persistently lower than in the United States from 1995 to 2021 and why this dynamic changed after 2021 during the COVID-19 pandemic. Two structural buffers sustained the divergence: wage stagnation in Japan, which kept restaurant labor costs flat for nearly three decades, and a strong yen, which absorbed global commodity price shocks before they could reach restaurant menus. In 2008, the financial crisis sent food and energy prices skyrocketing. However, even though Japan imports most of its food and energy, the effects from global price increases were due to a strong …

Forecasting The Unpredictable: The Bullwhip Effect In The Toy Industry, Mannat Sethi

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis investigates the bullwhip effect, the amplification of demand variability as it moves upstream in a supply chain, with a focus on the toy industry, and comparative analysis with the technology and consumer goods sectors. Using annual data from 1993 to 2024, the study analyzes production and retail growth for Mattel, Hasbro, Intel, and Procter & Gamble to assess how variance between consumer demand and firm output has changed over time. Bullwhip ratios are calculated as the variance of production growth divided by the variance of retail growth across two periods: 1993–2008 and 2009–2024.

The findings show that toy …

A Firm’S Operational Risk: Data Set And Empirical Evidence, Vivek Astvansh, Joseph J. Simpson

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

Problem definition: A firm’s stakeholders would benefit from a quantitative measure of the managerial disclosure of its operational risk and the implications of this disclosure. However, a quantitative and scalable measure of a firm’s disclosed operational risk is unavailable. Thus, the firm’s stakeholders remain unaware of its disclosed operational risk and the risk’s implications. Methodology/results: U.S. law requires a public firm to textually disclose its operational and nonoperational risks in Item 1A of its annual report (i.e., Form 10-K). We train 64 transformer models on U.S. public firms’ Item 1A text to score 131,920 firm-years (16,959 firms, 2005 to 2024) …

Making Words Count: Computational Linguistics In Management Research, Joseph J. Simpson, Richard A. Hunt, David M. Townsend, Judy Rady, Elham Asgari, Mohammad Rady, Daniel J. Beal

International Business and Entrepreneurship Faculty Publications

In recent years, a rapidly growing number of management scholars are using computational linguistics (CL) to analyze vast corpora of naturally occurring organizational language. Yet the rapid adoption of CL methods has outpaced the development of shared standards for linking theoretical constructs, linguistic data, and computational measurement. We synthesize 353 articles published in leading management journals for 2013–2025, identifying four recurring challenges shaping the credibility of CL-based research: misalignment between constructs and textual corpora, unnecessary model complexity, the opacity of large language model workflows, and insufficient transparency in reporting. Building on these patterns, we develop four integrative design principles—construct-language fit, …