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Articles 181 - 210 of 528
Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations
Driving Reform And Innovation Diffusion In Government: It Takes Guerilla Tactics To Slay A Gorilla, George K. Makiya
Driving Reform And Innovation Diffusion In Government: It Takes Guerilla Tactics To Slay A Gorilla, George K. Makiya
Student Scholarship
Key IT and business executives at all twenty six US Federal government departments and agencies were interviewed to assess constraints to Enterprise Architecture Programs congressionally mandated in 1996 to transform bureaucratic political institutions into efficient business enterprises. Results demonstrate the vital role of the individual in reform and innovation diffusion. Past empirical and longitudinal studies in reform and innovation diffusion have been conducted separately. This study synthesizes the twin diffusion phenomena. Our data show that "guerilla" tactics can overcome the "gorilla" forces of dominant culture and rigid institutional frameworks.
Factors Influencing Collaboration Of Western Business Practitioners And Ngos Who Assist Small To Medium Sized Enterprises In Developing Countries: A Qualitative Analysis, William J. Oliver
Factors Influencing Collaboration Of Western Business Practitioners And Ngos Who Assist Small To Medium Sized Enterprises In Developing Countries: A Qualitative Analysis, William J. Oliver
Student Scholarship
We examined how Western Business Practitioners (WBPs) and Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) interact to assist Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. Interviews with North American WBPs, and NGOs in ten developing countries provided the data for the study. Findings suggest that partnership form (on a continuum from transactional to collaborative) has a direct and positive relationship with the extent of complementarity achieved by the actors. Complementarity, recommended as best ensured by management intervention, overcomes partners' geographical, cultural and socio/political differences, reduces power differentials, mitigates distrust and promotes communication. Three elements of complementarity--learning, communication and process--are discussed.
Government Leadership-Business Voice: An Interaction And Mediation Analysis Of Business Environment Reform In Indonesia, Jaime Chua
Student Scholarship
Moving beyond the competing theories on public leadership and citizen voice, the study investigates whether local public executives' influence on reform depends on business voice; and whether leadership or voice is mediated by public-private sector dialogue before either can influence reform. Extending Hirschman's Exit-Voice-Loyalty theory, the conditional effects of leadership and voice are tested to assess if quasi-exit (collusion), association membership, or dissatisfaction with government services moderate reform. Multi-group invariance tests are conducted for each moderating condition to assess if key findings are robust across business firms. Based on structural equation analysis of survey data from over 12,000 small, medium-sized, …
Smaller College Endowments: Exploring The Links Between Personality Characteristics, Risk Perceptions, And Investment Performance, Mimi Lord
Student Scholarship
Research on college and university endowments frequently refers to the inability of smaller endowments to achieve the strong investment results of much larger endowments. Reasons cited are their lack of a professional investment staff and their lack of access to superior money managers. Yet there are many smaller endowments with long-term performance records that rival those of much larger endowments. This qualitative study explores factors that differentiate top-quartile and bottom-quartile endowments in the $100 million to $200 million size over a 10-year period. Findings reveal a number of personality and risk-related factors that distinguish top and bottom performers. They suggest …
Beyond Financial Structures And Operational Standards: Measuring Negotiated Accountability, Michael N. Wolfe
Beyond Financial Structures And Operational Standards: Measuring Negotiated Accountability, Michael N. Wolfe
Student Scholarship
Historically, accountability research has focused on operational methodologies and financial structures and disclosures designed to advantageously position, legitimate and heighten the esteem in which the nonprofit organization is held by various stakeholders. Society, however, has become increasingly interested in transparency beyond structural and financial boundaries and is more concerned with emergent forms of accountability. Grounded in recent qualitative research, the present study develops and tests a measurable form of negotiated accountability and the role this type of accountability plays in linking organizational commitment and performance in a nonprofit context. A new second-order negotiated accountability construct consisting of six dimensions is …
Feeling Comfortable With Pluralistic Diversity: Using Common Organizational Strategies To Get Uncommon Results In Higher Education Voluntary Service Organizations, Ruth Sessler Bernstein
Feeling Comfortable With Pluralistic Diversity: Using Common Organizational Strategies To Get Uncommon Results In Higher Education Voluntary Service Organizations, Ruth Sessler Bernstein
Student Scholarship
Diversity is a goal of the majority of America's institutions of higher learning. These colleges and universities have made great strides in achieving representational diversity through aggressive recruiting and retention efforts. However, on campus, students infrequently engage in pluralistic diversity. This paper examines a national voluntary service organization at two pluralistically diverse universities. Semi-structured interviews with members and alumni of the association provided insight into the characteristics of the interactions they have had with those who are different from them. These insights enabled us to examine the specific organizational strategies this nonprofit adopted that promoted enriching intercultural interactions.
From Esteem To Stigma: The Effect Of The Financial Crisis On Banker Engagement, Glen Weaver
From Esteem To Stigma: The Effect Of The Financial Crisis On Banker Engagement, Glen Weaver
Student Scholarship
Absent from a quickly accumulating literature on job engagement is a focus on professionals in the financial industry. There is, in particular, little research on the organization or industry identity of bankers as a discrete group. Nor has the literature explored the relationship of these identities with job engagement or environmental duress. We seized an opportunity to study the effects of the 2007-2009 financial crisis on bankers' identities and passion for their jobs. Semi-structured interviews with 28 mid-level bankers at five prominent US banks that accepted Toxic Asset Relief Program funding (TARP) captured insights about "normal state" (pre-crisis) versus mid-crisis …
The Effects Of Strategic Outsourcing Management On Absorptive Capacity: A Practioner-Scholar Perspective, Beth Fitz Gibbon
The Effects Of Strategic Outsourcing Management On Absorptive Capacity: A Practioner-Scholar Perspective, Beth Fitz Gibbon
Student Scholarship
Common sense would say, if you are going to outsource innovation, find the most competent supplier and acquire the most codified technology. This research hypothesizes a more counter-intuitive approach by empirically measuring how a firm's outsourcing strategy affects its Absorptive Capacity, which serves here as a proxy for firm sustainability. It is proposed that a complementary buyer-supplier relationship will have a significant positive effect on a firm's absorptive capacity, thereby enhancing its long-term effectiveness, as well as its short-term efficiency. On the other hand, the more competent the supplier relative to the buyer, the less knowledge the outsourcing buyer will …
The Paradox Of Evidenced-Based Management In Higher Education, Alice J. Walker
The Paradox Of Evidenced-Based Management In Higher Education, Alice J. Walker
Student Scholarship
The potential role for evidence-based management approaches to transform systems of higher learning and meet the growing needs of our knowledge economy is widely proposed. Most of the empirical work on evidence-based practice and management has concentrated on dynamics directly related to the use of evidence. This study takes a broader view of the management process of inquiry in which evidence is collected, interpreted or ignored. Semi-structured interviews with 31 faculty, staff and administrative members of college quality improvement committees were conducted in a grounded approach to qualitative research. What emerged was an intriguing tale of passion, power, and paradox …
The Role Of School Leadership In Student Achievement In Kenya, Renson Muchiri Mwangi
The Role Of School Leadership In Student Achievement In Kenya, Renson Muchiri Mwangi
Student Scholarship
Despite ample documentation that mathematics mastery can affect national development and notwithstanding long instituted formal government initiatives to improve it, student mathematics performance at the secondary school level in Kenya has deteriorated. Studies on mathematics achievement in Kenya have primarily focused on teachers’ classroom practices neglecting the potential influence of school leadership. We conducted a qualitative study involving Kenyan school principles and other administrative and instructional staff to construct an account of how school leadership is enacted and experienced in the day-to-day practices and how it affects student mathematics mastery. Our findings suggest that principals’ leadership and engagement, demonstrated commitment, …
Enterprise Information Systems And Organizational Agility: Erp As A Dynamic Source Of Change, Complexity, And Risk, Amol Kharabe
Enterprise Information Systems And Organizational Agility: Erp As A Dynamic Source Of Change, Complexity, And Risk, Amol Kharabe
Student Scholarship
The literature is silent about how organizations that have implemented Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) solutions reconcile the use of these rigid platforms in turbulent competitive environments. We studied three diverse organizations- a $9 billion US retailer, a $3 billion consumer products firm and a $2 billion logistics company- all with ERP solutions in the sustainment phase, to shed light on the impact of changing business needs on overall ERP performance. Semi structured interviews with 24 business and technical professionals revealed that in addition to economic and competitive forces for change to the ERP system, the system itself is paradoxically a …
Do Fies Adopt Pro-Environmental Strategies In Developing Countries?, David D. Klossner
Do Fies Adopt Pro-Environmental Strategies In Developing Countries?, David D. Klossner
Student Scholarship
This study explores how US manufacturing firms with operations in India construe their roles and responsibilities relative to host country environmental concerns and how they develop environment-related strategies. In particular, we hope to advance understanding of the relative influence of internal versus external factors that influence decision processes and ultimate corporate behaviors. How do managers of FIEs understand the factors that influence the adoption of pro-environmental strategies in developing countries? To what extent are FIE environmental strategies motivated by internal factors versus external factors? How and to what extent do FIE management initiatives involving firm-specific resources and organizational capabilities affect …
Team Health: What Are Technical Project Teams Saying Or Not Saying?, Judith Sanders
Team Health: What Are Technical Project Teams Saying Or Not Saying?, Judith Sanders
Student Scholarship
There is a critical need for highly effective teams, but Marchetti (1997) notes teams, while in considerable demand, fail often. Despite a great deal of practitioner and academic literature that has addressed a variety of factors regarding teams and their inability to achieve intended objectives (Hackman, 1990; Robbins & Finley, 1995), teams are still not sufficiently understood (Sahay & Sarker, 2002). Researchers and practitioners alike have asked why it is so difficult to develop and maintain teams that meet performance expectations. Although team research came to the forefront in the 1950s, only in recent years have researchers begun to study …
Why They Stay: Career Longetivity Of Women In U.S. Corporate Engineering, Kathleen R. Buse
Why They Stay: Career Longetivity Of Women In U.S. Corporate Engineering, Kathleen R. Buse
Student Scholarship
Women have a low representation in engineering as well as other science, technology, and math (STEM) fields as compared to other professions – and retention rates for males in engineering significantly exceed those for women. While previous research has identified numerous reasons why women exit STEM careers at a higher rate than men, the literature is silent about those women who stay. To better understand why women remain in corporate engineering professions despite well-researched and well-documented organizational and occupational obstacles that make it difficult for them to succeed, a qualitative study is proposed based on semi-structured interviews with both women …
Leader And Employee Influence On The Development Of Organizational Climate In The Long-Term Care Sector, Alice A. Obermiller
Leader And Employee Influence On The Development Of Organizational Climate In The Long-Term Care Sector, Alice A. Obermiller
Student Scholarship
The long-term care sector is challenged with retention issues that impact the quality of elder care. Annual turnover rates in excess of 50% at some staff levels combined with a growing senior population illuminates an issue where worker supply may not meet demand. Despite empirical evidence that staffing is a critical factor in the provision of high quality care and that facilities with higher staff to resident ratios have better quality ratings and more positive resident outcomes, twenty years of research underscores a persistent retention dilemma. Previous research has substantiated a correlation between retention and the work environment and called …
The Global Financial Meltdown: Is It A Recipe For Disaster To Employee Engagement?, Glen Weaver
The Global Financial Meltdown: Is It A Recipe For Disaster To Employee Engagement?, Glen Weaver
Student Scholarship
The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 was particularly devastating to the financial services industry. Poor performance, mergers/acquisitions, and massive layoffs were characteristics of the crisis. For example, Citigroup lost almost $19 billion in 2008 and market capitalization for the top three U.S. banks for the period January 1, 2007 through January 15, 2009 fell $514 billion or 75%. It was reported that since the beginning of the financial crisis in July 2007, banks had shed over 186,000 positions and thousands more remained tenuously employed as banks struggled to sustain themselves in an increasingly volatile environment. Studies during this period reflected …
Making Sense Of Surprise Outcomes: Implications For Managing The Unexpected, Ronald W. Eastburn
Making Sense Of Surprise Outcomes: Implications For Managing The Unexpected, Ronald W. Eastburn
Student Scholarship
We propose qualitative research to understand how financial institution management makes sense of decision outcomes that do not meet expectations, under what circumstances these experiences are likely to occur, and to what extent they lead to mindful management of the unexpected. This research will facilitate greater understanding of the factors that make some organizations far more capable and function far more reliably than others in coping with the unexpected, the unknowable and the Black Swan (Taleb, 2007), with resultant positive influence on firm performance. The conceptual framework for this research focuses on individuals engaging in managing for high performance in …
An Application And Extension Of The Technology Acceptance Model To Nonprofit Certification, Lise Anne Slatten
An Application And Extension Of The Technology Acceptance Model To Nonprofit Certification, Lise Anne Slatten
Student Scholarship
Several federated nonprofit associations have implemented assessment and certification programs intending to produce institutional improvement for member organizations. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as a foundation, this study develops and tests a theoretical extension of TAM to organizations that chose to participate in one such program (the Louisiana Standards for Excellence organizational assessment) and those that did not. The results largely validate TAM and indicate that usefulness, access barriers related to resources, attitudes, executive director proactivity and behavioral intent all influence the decision to pursue voluntary certification. These findings advance current theory and contribute to the foundation for future …
Board Member Behavioral And Cognitive Biases: The Impact On Board Level Strategic Decision-Making Processes, Bernard C. Bailey
Board Member Behavioral And Cognitive Biases: The Impact On Board Level Strategic Decision-Making Processes, Bernard C. Bailey
Student Scholarship
Prior studies of board effectiveness have primarily focused on the relationships between board structure and composition relative to the performance of the firm. To better understand the role of board members in strategic decision-making it may be helpful to gain deeper insights into the processes and behaviors that are actually utilized during strategic decision-making both within and outside the board room. Of particular interest to scholars are the specific processes that boards use to generate quality strategic decisions. We propose research to examine the conditions under which diverse board members' individual biases, backgrounds and behaviors impact the collective strategic decision-making …
Board Member Behavioral And Cognitive Biases: The Impact On Board Level Strategic Decision-Making Processes, Bernard C. Bailey
Board Member Behavioral And Cognitive Biases: The Impact On Board Level Strategic Decision-Making Processes, Bernard C. Bailey
Student Scholarship
Prior studies of board effectiveness have primarily focused on the relationships between board structure and composition relative to the performance of the firm. To better understand the role of board members in strategic decision-making it may be helpful to gain deeper insights into the processes and behaviors that are actually utilized during strategic decision-making both within and outside the board room. Of particular interest to scholars are the specific processes that boards use to generate quality strategic decisions. We propose research to examine the conditions under which diverse board members' individual biases, backgrounds and behaviors impact the collective strategic decision-making …
Close Encounters Of A Meaningful Intercultural Kind: Enhancing Deep-Level Diversity In Voluntary Organizations On College Campuses, Ruth Sessler Bernstein
Close Encounters Of A Meaningful Intercultural Kind: Enhancing Deep-Level Diversity In Voluntary Organizations On College Campuses, Ruth Sessler Bernstein
Student Scholarship
We propose qualitative research to understand how majority and minority undergraduate college students construe meaningful intercultural experiences (MIEs)\, under what circumstances these experiences are likely to occur\, and to what extent they lead to deep-level diversity in voluntary organizations. This research will facilitate greater understanding of the enabling and constraining factors that affect MIEs. The conceptual framework for this research focuses on individuals engaging in sustained interactions of favorable contact with diverse group members who are willing to move outside of their “comfort zones” and develop cross-cultural skills. The interview sample will focus on undergraduate student members and alumni of …
Managing The Mission Through Times Of Adversity: What Leads To Highly Reliable Performance?, Kathleen Roche
Managing The Mission Through Times Of Adversity: What Leads To Highly Reliable Performance?, Kathleen Roche
Student Scholarship
During times of severe economic adversity, nonprofit managers must lead their organizations and carry out their charitable missions to ever-growing and needier constituencies despite unpredictable endowment erosion, fewer contributions, less staff, and the most severe funding cuts most of them have ever experienced, or are prepared for. We propose research to explore which leadership skills and styles are most helpful and if reliance upon traditionality is a good indicator of endurance. By capturing the experiences of nonprofit leaders as they manage under conditions of duress, we will relate these factors to research about high reliability organizations, which have been found …
The Ngo Strategic Dilemma: An Examination Of Factors Enabling Or Constraining Corporate Engagement Strategy, David Graham Hyatt
The Ngo Strategic Dilemma: An Examination Of Factors Enabling Or Constraining Corporate Engagement Strategy, David Graham Hyatt
Student Scholarship
Social movements focused on sustainable development represent a significant force for change in business practices and governmental regulation. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) arise from social movements as mobilizing structures and framing mechanisms for collective action to fill governance and social needs that remain unmet by the governmental and market sectors. This study focuses on environmental NGOs and their strategies for engaging the business sector. Although cross-sector collaborations increasingly seem instrumental to effecting environmental change, NGOs face a strategic dilemma: to confront or collaborate with businesses, or both. This research explores how the NGO mission, purpose, and ideology; core competencies and repertoire …
The Role Of Local Cluster Agents As Key Determinants In Knowledge Creation, Absorption And Retention In Regional Biotechnology Industrial Clusters, Francisco Montalvo
The Role Of Local Cluster Agents As Key Determinants In Knowledge Creation, Absorption And Retention In Regional Biotechnology Industrial Clusters, Francisco Montalvo
Student Scholarship
Industrial clusters and innovation systems have been the focus of considerable academic research. Similarly, general research on knowledge creation is abundant, but the literature on knowledge absorption, transfer and retention on a regional level is limited. A better appreciation of knowledge creation, absorption and retention as determinants of industrial cluster success may be of value to industry decision makers, policy makers, and researchers seeking mechanisms for promoting innovation and preventing the flight of locally generated knowledge. Knowledge retention is assumed to be a source of innovation and a key determinant of knowledge diffusion and exploitation, local and multinational firm performance, …
When Practice And Theory Conflict: Do Financial Incentives Influence Championing Behaviors In Mergers And Acquisitions?, Byron C. Clayton
When Practice And Theory Conflict: Do Financial Incentives Influence Championing Behaviors In Mergers And Acquisitions?, Byron C. Clayton
Student Scholarship
Successful mergers and acquisitions require its managers to achieve substantial performance improvements in order to sufficiently cover acquisition premiums, the expected return of debt and equity investors, and the additional resources needed to capture synergies and accelerate growth. Acquirers understand that achieving the performance improvements necessary to cover these costs and create value for investors will most likely require an incredible effort from M&A management teams. This understanding drives the common and longstanding practice of offering hefty performance incentive packages to key managers, assuming that incentives will induce behaviors that champion organizational change and growth. This practice is in direct …
Ethical Ideologies And Decision Making Among College Athletes, Mary-Beth A. Cooper
Ethical Ideologies And Decision Making Among College Athletes, Mary-Beth A. Cooper
Student Scholarship
Ethical decision making is a complex, yet timely topic for managers and consumers alike. In a collegiate setting, student athletes are scrutinized on and off the field not only for their athletic success but also for the ethical decisions they make that could change the course of their lives and the reputation of their institution. This research includes a survey covering over one thousand collegiate student athlete from the northeast who participated in a study determining the impact of ethical ideologies and social norms on their decision making. Specific constructs in the analysis include locus of control, ethical ideologies (idealism/relativism) …
Reconceptualizing Social Influence Mechanisms For Buyer-Seller Relationships, Stuart Strolin
Reconceptualizing Social Influence Mechanisms For Buyer-Seller Relationships, Stuart Strolin
Student Scholarship
Selling is a social activity in which bilateral influence is exchanged but ultimately where the seller seeks to influence the buyer. Previous work has investigated social influence in many forms and settings but has been of limited, practical use in B2B sales. This paper introduces new measures, derived from French and Ravens bases of power, which integrate ideas from social psychology and ideas grounded in business practice. These measures are tested in a theoretical model linking B2B social influence to trust and sales performance. This paper contributes to the existing understanding of B2B buyer-seller relationships in two ways. First, it …
Harnessing Opposing Forces To Achieve Organizational Ambidexterity, Radhashyam Giridharadas
Harnessing Opposing Forces To Achieve Organizational Ambidexterity, Radhashyam Giridharadas
Student Scholarship
Generating sustainable competitive advantage, a perennial challenge for managers, requires organizational ambidexterity--the ability to simultaneously align business units towards unified, corporate strategic goals and adapt to the challenges of the external environment. Prior research on the antecedents of ambidexterity has identified cohesive but distinct independent variables and posited inanimate organizational mediating mechanisms. This research contributes to the field in three ways. First, we examine how harnessing opposing forces can yield important synergistic benefits, by modeling the interaction of management practices of exploration and exploitation on the input side and of adapting and aligning on the output dimension. Second, we propose …
Deconstructing Discovery: Diversity And Knowledge Sharing In Research Teams, Rebecca Minnillo
Deconstructing Discovery: Diversity And Knowledge Sharing In Research Teams, Rebecca Minnillo
Student Scholarship
The purpose of this research is to shed light on aspects of knowledge sharing that are productive in advancing innovation in scientific research. We report on a quantitative study of scientific research teams who presented their work at an international conference. We explore how internal and external knowledge sharing practices and structural diversity are associated with the production of innovative medical research. The ultimate goal of this project is to develop a model for use by knowledge generating organizations that will help accelerate the process of innovative discoveries.
The Influence Of Team Health On Business Outcomes, Alexander Eksir
The Influence Of Team Health On Business Outcomes, Alexander Eksir
Student Scholarship
This study provides quantitative evidence for the feasibility of predicting business results by measuring the concept of Team Health and establishing a relationship with measures of team performance and business outcomes. Dimensions of Team Health are identified and evidence from the research literature on organization behavior and performance is presented to support the validity of the constructs. Mediated relationships among the outcome variables, also derived from research in organizational behavior, are hypothesized and tested. The measurement of Team Health is based on the responses to eleven of fifteen statements collected quarterly in a multi-national defense industry firm from all members …