Business Administration, Management, and Operations Commons^™

How Applying Instrumental Stakeholder Theory Can Provide Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Thomas M. Jones, Jeffrey S. Harrison, Will Felps

Management Faculty Publications

Instrumental stakeholder theory considers the performance consequences for firms of highly ethical relationships with stakeholders, characterized by high levels of trust, cooperation, and information sharing. While research suggests performance benefits, an obvious question remains: If instrumental stakeholder theory-based stakeholder treatment is so valuable, why isn't it the dominant mode of relating to stakeholders? We argue that the existing instrumental stakeholder theory literature has three shortcomings that limit its ability to explain variance in performance. (1) Little theory exists around how instrumental stakeholder theory-based stakeholder management could provide sustainable competitive advantage. (2) The literature has largely neglected the potential downsides (i.e., …

Subsidiary Development Of New Technologies: Managing Technological Changes In Multinational And Geographic Space, Anupama Phene, Stephen Tallman

Management Faculty Publications

This study explores the co-evolution of the subsidiaries of the multinational firm with their global organizations and geographic locations. We examine when and how subsidiaries make sense of and respond to technological changes in these environments to expand their scope and develop new technologies. Using the concept of local search, we propose that technological changes in a subsidiary’s parent firm and host country, in areas specific to the subsidiary’s expertise and at the broad industry level, have differential effects on subsidiary development of new technologies. We further propose that subsidiary innovative capability acts as a moderator, enabling subsidiaries to respond …

Business Models In Global Competition, Stephen Tallman, Yadong Luo, Peter J. Buckley

Management Faculty Publications

Multinational enterprises create and capture value through appropriate business models that fit both distinctive capabilities and dynamic markets. The key elements of a global business model include propositions for adding customer value and capturing a share of that value, methods to control, deploy and utilize critical resources, and integrated processes that deliver value to target global customers. These factors explain the diversity in business models, with international competition in geographically dispersed markets further fortifying this diversity and complexity. This paper demonstrates ways forward in theorizing about business models, applying these models in the global context, discussing capabilities and strategies necessary …

Artificial Intelligence And It Professionals, Sunil Mithas, Thomas Kude, Jonathan W. Whitaker

Management Faculty Publications

How will continuing developments in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning influence IT professionals? This article approaches this question by identifying the factors that influence the demand for software developers and IT professionals, describing how these factors relate to AI, and articulating the likely impact on IT professionals.

Chameleonic Obsessive Job Passion: Demystifying The Relationships Between Obsessive Job Passion And In-Role And Extra-Role Performance, Marina N. Astakhova, Violet T. Ho

Management Faculty Publications

In seeking to address the theoretical ambiguity regarding how and when obsessive job passion (OJP) leads to work performance, we integrate both self-verification and person–environment (P-E) fit perspectives to propose and test a moderated mediation model linking OJP to performance. We argue that OJP is indirectly related to co-worker-rated in-role and extra-role performance through self-verification, and these indirect links are conditioned by perceived demands–abilities (D-A) fit and needs–supplies (N-S) fit. Results from 190 healthcare professionals and their co-workers collected at three different time periods revealed the contrasting roles played by these two moderators. Individuals with higher OJP self-verify …

Beauty Is In The Eye Of The Beholder: Toward A Contextual Understanding Of Compensation Of It Professionals Within And Across Geographies, Jonathan W. Whitaker, Sunil Mithas, Chewei Liu

Management Faculty Publications

How do multinational corporations (MNCs) and domestic firms compensate technical and managerial skills of knowledge workers within and across geographies? This paper answers this question by examining how developed economy MNCs and emerging economy firms value MBA education and firm-specific IT experience of IT professionals in India; and how developed economy MNCs value MBA education and firm-specific IT experience differently across India and the U.S. Our analyses of archival data on more than 20,000 IT professionals reveal two important findings. First, for IT professionals in India, the marginal effect of firm-specific IT experience on compensation is greater for developed economy …

The Performance Implication Of Obsessive Work Passion: Unpacking The Moderating And Mediating Mechanisms From A Conservation Of Resources Perspective, Dejun Tony Kong, Violet T. Ho

Management Faculty Publications

Work passion is an important determinant of work performance. While harmonious work passion (HWP) shows its consistent predictive value, obsessive work passion (OWP) appears to have a mixed relationship with work performance. To address this puzzle, we integrate research on OWP and emotional exhaustion with conservation of resources (COR) theory. Specifically, we argue that OWP determines emotional exhaustion, whose relationship with work performance is attenuated by leader-member exchange (LMX). By conducting a field study with a sample of 262 U.S. employees, we found supportive evidence, even when controlling for psychological detachment from work. The findings somewhat reconcile the inconsistent results …

Business Stressors, Family-Business Identity, And Divorce In Family Business: A Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation (Vsa) Model, Paul Sanchez-Ruiz, Ileana Maldonado-Bautista, Matthew Rutherford

Management Faculty Publications

A considerable amount of research focuses on how divorce in enterprising families influences family business outcomes. Yet, the impact that family businesses have on the divorce of enterprising families remains relatively under-researched. We contribute to the emerging enterprising family heterogeneity literature by building upon the Vulnerability-Stress-Adaptation (VSA) model and explore two questions regarding the influence of family businesses on divorce: Do family business-related stressors influence divorce? And, if so, what adaptive processes help enterprising families to cope with family business-related stressors? We hypothesize that high levels of debt and high sales revenue levels (as stressors) positively and significantly affect the …

An Integrated Lean Supply Chain Framework For U.S. Hospitals, Subhajit Chakraborty, Jorge A. Gonzalez

Management Faculty Publications

We apply a lean supply chain framework to the healthcare industry in the U.S., drawing support from lean systems philosophy. We conceptualize a view of the U.S. healthcare ecosystem that places a hospital and its admitted patients at the center and describes how all entities inside and outside the hospital work can implement lean principles to improve patients' quality care. This application depicts how a holistic consideration of hospital resources available in both the internal and external supply chain would increase the optimal use of such resources and ultimately serve patients. We offer propositions suggesting that an integrated supply chain …

If I Share What I Know, Will You Listen? The Role Of Personality And Rewards In Information Sharing And Group Decision Making, Janice Super, Pingshu Li, Ghadir Ishqaidef, James P. Guthrie

Management Faculty Publications

The authors examine underlying motivations for individuals to share information during a group decision making exercise. Focusing on two specific types of motivation: epistemic and prosocial, the study looks at both innate tendencies towards information sharing and the effect of a particular situational cue: group performance-based pay. Using a model called “Motivated Information Processing in Groups” (MIPG), the study examines the effect of group rewards on individual motivations to share unique information (prosocial motivations), as well the groups’ overall motivation to listen, consider, and deeply process that information (epistemic motivations). The authors find that, while some people are innately prone …

Factors Influencing Organization Commitment: Internal Marketing Orientation, External Marketing Orientation, And Subjective Well-Being, Steven A. Schulz, Thomas Martin, Healther M. Meyer

Management Faculty Publications

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of internal marketing orientation, external marketing orientation, and subjective well-being on the affective organizational commitment of frontline employees.

Design/methodology/approach

Previous research was used to develop hypotheses and develop a questionnaire for this project. An online survey was completed by 108 frontline employees.

Findings

The hypothesized model of all three variables having positive effects on organization commitment was supported. Internal marketing orientation, external marketing orientation, and subjective well-being were significant predictors of affective organizational commitment.

Research limitations/implications

A key limitation of this study is the cross-sectional, data collection design. A …

The Qm Evolution: Behavioral Quality Management As A Firm’S Strategic Resource, Young Sik Cho, Joo Y. Jung, Kevin Linderman

Management Faculty Publications

Firms implement various quality management (QM) practices to improve process quality. Scholars recognize that QM practices consist of both technical and behavioral oriented practices. The relationship of technical and behavioral oriented practices on performance has led to paradoxical relationships. Improving quality performance necessitates understanding the relationship between technical and behavioral orientated practices. This study empirically examines the relationship between technical and behavioral quality practices by collecting survey data from both US-based (N = 152) and China-based (N = 222) firms. The analysis uses the structural equation modeling technique, and shows that behavioral QM practices fully mediate the relationship between technical …

Does Machiavelli's The Prince Have Relevant Lessons For Modern High-Tech Managers And Leaders?, Clovia Hamilton

Management Faculty Publications

When we think of Machiavellian conduct in technology companies, we think of cut-throat, cunning, behaviour. Cut-throat competition in technological innovations can be the barrier to market entry (Lee, 2014). The lean philosophy is that managers and leaders are to strive for the efficient and effective use of resources in order to overcome this barrier and gain competitive advantage. In order for there to be cut throats, there have to be cut-throat technology innovation leaders and managers. What the lean philosophy lacks is guidance on how to achieve an efficient and effective use of resources in a cut-throat competitive environment. The …

Exploring The Questionable Academic Practice Of Conference Paper Double Dipping, Krista B. Lewellyn, William Q. Judge, Adam Smith

Management Faculty Publications

We develop a conceptual framework and provide empirical evidence that helps to explain why management scholars submit the same paper to more than one scholarly conference, a practice referred to as "double dipping." Drawing from general strain theory,we find that certain features of the social and national institutional context in which these scholars are embedded provides motivation for and facilitates rationalization of engagement in the double-dipping practice. Specifically, our results show that the incidence of conference paper double dipping is greater for junior scholars and for those currently affiliated with research-intensive universities. We also find that authors who received their …

Organizational Embeddedness As A Mediator Between Justice And In-Role Performance, Debjani Ghosh, Tomoki Sekiguchi, L. Gurunathan

Management Faculty Publications

Highlights

• COR theory is used to explain the psychological path from organizational justice and in-role performance.

• Organizational embeddedness mediated the relationship between organizational justice and in-role performance.

• Distributive and procedural justice predicted fit and sacrifice dimension but not link dimension.

• Procedural justice was a stronger predictor of the fit dimension than distributive justice was.

• Distributive justice was a stronger predictor of the sacrifice dimension than procedural justice was.

Abstract

Drawing on the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we theorize that organizational justice influences in-role performance by embedding employees into the organization. Using a sample of 236 employee-supervisor dyads from diverse …

Practical Steps For The Utilization Of Action Research In Your Organization: A Qualitative Approach For Non-Academic Research, Paul J. Antonellis Jr., Gwendolyn Berry

Management Faculty Publications

Action research is different from traditional research. Action research is more practice based as it is implementing an intervention to improve a problem. Action research involves collaboration and communication between the researcher and the participants within the study. The purpose of this article is to explain the multi-step process for a non-academic researcher or novice researcher when employing qualitative action research in an organization that is looking to solve a complex issue. The article will explore the action research steps for conducting phone employment interviews within the organization and an example of the process to follow. The outlined steps can …

Short-Term Bias And Strategic Misalignment In Operational Solutions: Perceptions, Tendencies, And Traps, Rick Hardcopf, Paulo Gonçalves, Kevin Linderman, Elliot Bendoly

Management Faculty Publications

In this study, we use a multi-method approach to examine the following questions: when faced with explicit profit gaps, does a firm’s strategic orientation influence manager perceptions regarding the ability of various tactical options to resolve the gap, do managers feel pressure to pursue certain tactical options over others, and what implications do tactical mismatches with strategy have for long-term gap resolution? As part of the research process, we build a grounded systems model (using grounded theory and Systems Dynamics techniques) which attempts to capture how tactical changes, in combination with the firm’s competitive strategy, can ostensibly impact a firm’s …

The Impact Of Duty Cycle Workflow On Sign-Out Practices: A Qualitative Study Of An Internal Medicine Residency Program In Maryland, Usa, Soo-Hoon Lee, Sanjay V. Desai, Philip H. Phan

Management Faculty Publications

OBJECTIVES: Although JCAHO requires a standardised approach to handoffs, and while many standardised protocols have been tested, sign-out practices continue to vary. We believe this is due to the variability in workflow during inpatient duty cycle. We investigate the impact of such workflows on intern sign-out practices.

DESIGN: We employed a prospective, grounded theory mixed-method design.

SETTING: The study was conducted at a residency programme in the mid-Atlantic USA. Two observers randomly evaluated three types of daily sign-outs for 1 week every 3 months from September 2013 to March 2014. The compliance of each observed behaviour to JCAHO's Handoff Communication …

Publication Bias In Strategic Management Research, Jeffrey S. Harrison, George Christopher Banks, Jeffrey M. Pollack, Ernest H. O'Boyle, Jeremy Short

Management Faculty Publications

This research explores the domain of strategic management for evidence of publication bias—the systematic suppression of research findings due to the magnitude, statistical significance, or generally accepted direction of effect sizes. We review why publication bias may exist in strategy research as well as report empirical findings regarding the influence of publication bias in the field. Overall, we found evidence consistent with the inference that publication bias affects many, but not all, topics in the strategic management research. Correlation inflation due to publication bias ranged from an average change in magnitude from .00 (no bias) to .19. These results serve …

Psychological Safety: A Meta‐Analytic Review And Extension, M. Lance Frazier, Stav Fainshmidt, Ryan L. Klinger, Amir Pezeshkan, Veselina Vracheva

Management Faculty Publications

Although psychological safety research has flourished in recent years, and despite the empirical support for the important role of psychological safety in the workplace, several critical questions remain. In order to address these questions, we aggregate theoretical and empirical works, and draw on 136 independent samples representing over 22,000 individuals and nearly 5,000 groups, to conduct a comprehensivemeta-analysis on the antecedents and outcomes of psychological safety. We not only present the nomological network of psychological safety but also extend this research in 4 important ways. First, we compare effect sizes to determine the relative effectiveness of antecedents to psychological safety. …

Towards A More Productive Dialogue Between Stakeholder Theory And Strategic Management, Andrew Wicks, Jeffrey S. Harrison

Management Faculty Publications

This chapter highlights some of the tensions and most promising points of convergence between the strategic management and stakeholder theory literatures. We briefly examine the early development of both areas, identifying some of the background assumptions and choices that informed how the fields evolved, and how these factors led the two fields to engage in scholarly pursuits that seldom intersected for a period of years, followed by a renewal of interest among strategists in themes that are central to stakeholder theory. From this discussion, we develop a larger agenda with specific topics as examples of areas that offer promise for …

How Multinational Corporations Use Information Technology To Manage Global Operations, Jonathan W. Whitaker, Peter Ekman, Steven M. Thompson

Management Faculty Publications

Despite a generally-acknowledged importance of information technology (IT) in enabling global strategy and a broad understanding of the manner in which IT enhances coordination and reduces cost, few studies have focused precisely on how multinational corporations (MNCs) use IT to facilitate globalization. To address this gap in the literature, we conduct a case study across four large MNCs, and use primary data to develop theoretical propositions on the characteristics of products, processes and customers that impact the ways in which MNCs use IT to manage their global operations.

Identifying Key Areas Of Worklife And Their Interactive Effect In Explaining Pakistani Nurses’ Burnout, Faisal Qadeer, Amnah Imtiaz, Imran Hameed

Management Faculty Publications

We examined the effect of incongruence in the areas of worklife (AWL) on burnout of nurses. Specifically, we were interested in identifying the most important AWL and interactions among AWL and psychological resilience in explaining nurses’ burnout. Incongruence in the worklife escalates burnout and resilience is a coping trait. The phenomenon needs to be studied in developing countries where entirely different health dilemmas exist. A cross sectional survey was conducted from 147 nurses. SEM through AMOS 21 and Process Macro of SPSS was used for data analysis. Two AWL namely control and reward, emerged out to be the most important …

An Empirical Investigation Of The Universal Effectiveness Of Quality Management Practices: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach, Young Sik Cho, Ramin Maysami, Joo Y. Jung, C. Christopher Lee

Management Faculty Publications

Institutional theory argues that the isomorphic nature of quality management (QM) practices leads to similar QM implementation and performance among QM-embedded firms. However, contingency theory questions such 'universal effectiveness of QM practices'. Considering these conflicting arguments, this study tests samples from the U.S. and China to examine whether the 'universal effectiveness of QM practices’ across national boundaries actually exists. First, the confirmatory factor analysis was performed to examine the validity of the survey instruments developed in this study. Then, the hypotheses were tested using the structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis. The SEM test results indicated that the positive effect of …

Trait Psychopathy And Job Performance In Leadership Jobs, Nora Schütte, Gerhard Blickle, Andreas Wihler, Rachel E. Frieder

Management Faculty Publications

In a recent meta-analysis, O’Boyle, Forsyth, Banks, and McDaniel (2012) found a significant negative relationship between trait psychopathy and job performance, however effect sizes were rather low (r_c = -.10; O’Boyle et al., 2012). Thus, there is reason to suspect that the dimensions of psychopathy may be differentially related to job performance. Further, interactions with other constructs may warrant closer consideration.

Improving Small Business Viability Through The Strategic Longevity And Health Maintenance Evaluation, Michael Rolleri, Abbas Nadim, Robert N. Lussier

Management Faculty Publications

Most adults are urged to go through an annual health checkup. We recommend that most mature small businesses perform an annual strategic longevity and health maintenance evaluation as well to ensure their viability. To this end, we provide strategic areas of critical importance to a small business viability and longevity and offer guidelines for small business owners, managers, consultants, and small business/entrepreneurship educators use to help improve performance. We add to the body of literature on small business success and failure factors by emphasizing the need for a closer look at the open systems nature of these businesses and the …

Handoffs, Safety Culture, And Practices: Evidence From The Hospital Survey On Patient Safety Culture, Soo-Hoon Lee, Phillip H. Phan, Todd Dorman, Sallie J. Weaver, Peter J. Pronovost

Management Faculty Publications

Background: The context of the study is the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC). The purpose of the study is to analyze how different elements of patient safety culture are associated with clinical handoffs and perceptions of patient safety.

Methods: The study was performed with hierarchical multiple linear regression on data from the 2010 Survey. We examine the statistical relationships between perceptions of handoffs and transitions practices, patient safety culture, and patient safety. We statistically controlled for the systematic effects of hospital size, type, ownership, and staffing levels on perceptions of patient safety. …

Moocs And The Online Delivery Of Business Education: What's New? What's Not? What Now?, Jonathan W. Whitaker, J. Randolph New, R. Duane Ireland

Management Faculty Publications

Although the past 2 decades have produced much promise (and accompanying research) on the use of information technology (IT) in business school courses, it is not entirely clear whether IT has truly "transformed" management education. There are compelling arguments on both sides. On one hand, advocates for the transformative role of IT can point to several success stories. On the other hand, skeptics of the role of IT in management education can also point to support for their view. This lack of consensus has led researchers in Academy of Management Learning & Education to call for scholars to confront the …

Improving Collaborative Convergence Through Distributed And Parallel Sorting, Christopher B. R. Diller, Joel H. Helquist, John Kruse

Management Faculty Publications

This paper examines a convergence process of organizing ideas that are generated during collaborative idea generation activities. The method presented reduces the impact of organizing brainstorming ideas on individual participants by dividing the convergence activity into smaller, discrete tasks that can be completed individually, and in parallel, by the participants. The entire pool of brainstorming ideas is subdivided into smaller pools and each participant is then tasked with organizing one of the subsets of ideas. The results show that by dividing up the overall activity into subtasks, the subjects experienced a more favorable environment. Furthermore, the subjects were able to …

The Geography Of Learning: Ferrari Gestione Sportiva 1929-2008, Mark Jenkins, Stephen Tallman

Management Faculty Publications

This article considers the mechanisms that permit and enhance the movement of highly tacit component (technical) knowledge and geographically sticky architectural knowledge across borders and between clusters and firms. We address a number of critical research questions that relate to intra- and inter-locational knowledge transfer. We use a theory-driven, longitudinal, single case study to develop a conceptual framework to examine and describe how shifting the geography of knowledge sourcing can facilitate architectural change by following the transformation of one business unit within a specialist global organization through a series of evolutionary steps that involved internalizing new component knowledge from other …