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Articles 301 - 330 of 1196
Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations
The Impact Of Change Messages On The Commitment To A Change: An Analysis Of It Professionals In India And Malaysia, Humayun Rashid
The Impact Of Change Messages On The Commitment To A Change: An Analysis Of It Professionals In India And Malaysia, Humayun Rashid
Student Scholarship
Affective commitment of individuals is critical for the success of an organizational change initiative. In order to secure this desired form of commitment, managers spend a great deal of time and money implementing elaborate change management and communication strategies, often with little success. Three important types of change messages that are expected to drive commitment to change are:: (1) the organizational need for change (discrepancy), (2) the support of organizational leaders (principal support), and (3) the benefit of the change to the individual (personal valence). In this quantitative survey-based study conducted at a large global bank, we analyzed the perceptions …
Workplace Volunteerism: Bridging Demand Through Employee Liasions, Don E. Teague
Workplace Volunteerism: Bridging Demand Through Employee Liasions, Don E. Teague
Student Scholarship
A relationship between workplace volunteerism and the effectiveness of liaison employees is proposed that draws primarily upon four complementary sociological concepts: (1) the social identity theory (Tajfel, 1982); (2) a structural theory of action (Burt, 1982); (3) social capital (Adler & Kwon, 2002); and (4) weak-tie “bridges” (Granovetter, 1973). The complementary nature of each of the sociological theories is discussed to show how workplace volunteerism might be increased through the systematic application of their concepts. This paper proposes that workplace employees socially identify themselves with hierarchical workgroups at the workplace and utilize their strong and weak-tie relationships to influence their …
Authentic Leadership: Do Leader's Values Impact Their Authenticity In The Eyes Of Their Followers? A Quantitative Study, Barbara Clemenson
Authentic Leadership: Do Leader's Values Impact Their Authenticity In The Eyes Of Their Followers? A Quantitative Study, Barbara Clemenson
Student Scholarship
Leadership theory defines authentic leaders as those holding high moral values, and posits that authentic leaders, through their integrity and altruism, inspire followers to emulate them by also developing their own values, integrity and caring. If the authentic leadership construct is valid, then followers must perceive their leaders' integrity and altruism before they will desire to emulate them, and these perceptions should be influenced by leaders' value content. This empirical study addresses that fundamental question: Do leaders' values impact their perceived authenticity--their integrity and altruism--in the eyes of their followers?
Working Alliances: The Impact Of Reciprocal Care Giving On The Working Alliance In Home Healthcare, Margo Kraft
Working Alliances: The Impact Of Reciprocal Care Giving On The Working Alliance In Home Healthcare, Margo Kraft
Student Scholarship
Home health care organizations are met with many challenges including hiring the most effective practitioners, providing continual organizational support, and keeping well informed on factors that produce a successful working alliance. This quantitative study focuses on (1) the role of the practitioner in affecting the working alliance, and (2) the organizational support that creates a work culture conducive to a strong practitioner-patient working alliance.(3) identifying factors that influence the working alliance and also providing insight to the organization for better hiring practices. Our findings indicate that practitioner experience and organizational support appear to exhibit a primary role in the working …
The Strength Of 'Dispersed' Ties: An Examination In Persistence Of Social Capital Following Organizational Disbanding, R. Drew Sellers
The Strength Of 'Dispersed' Ties: An Examination In Persistence Of Social Capital Following Organizational Disbanding, R. Drew Sellers
Student Scholarship
This study examines social capital persistence following organizational disbanding. It utilizes data collected from a cohort of Arthur Andersen professionals employed in the same U.S. regional office of the firm prior to the 2001 Enron scandal. As predicted by extant research, results support the influence of bonding and utilization relationships. Interestingly, predicted support for bridging relationships was absent. The study also finds that individuals who were dispersed from their original cohort stood to gain more from their social capital, compared to their counterparts who were rehired by competitors with the same cohort after disbanding.
Predictors Of Management Effectiveness: Intelligence, Personality Or Emotional And Social Intelligence?, Raymond Massa
Predictors Of Management Effectiveness: Intelligence, Personality Or Emotional And Social Intelligence?, Raymond Massa
Student Scholarship
This study aims to contribute to the debate in differentiating emotional and social intelligence from intelligence (‘g’ or also referred to as IQ in normal parlance) and personality. A further aim and a consequence of this study is to offer a perspective on predictors of management effectiveness; in particular of Branch Managers in a financial sales environment. Emotional and social intelligence are described as a collection of competencies. Some scholars, however, argue that emotional and social intelligence competencies are merely manifestations of ‘g’ and personality. The question then is to what extent are emotional and social intelligence competencies independent of …
"We Can Do It!": How Clarity Interacts With Collective Efficacy In Organizational Change, Jonathan Coleman
"We Can Do It!": How Clarity Interacts With Collective Efficacy In Organizational Change, Jonathan Coleman
Student Scholarship
Organizations are challenged to adapt to changing conditions on a frequent basis. Leaders of these organizations communicate two critical ideas: clearly defining goals and generating the collective efficacy that those goals can be achieved. This study aims to explore the interrelationships between: (1) how communication develops path-goal clarity and collective efficacy, and (2) how clarity and efficacy interact to lead to the achievement of a performance objective. This paper captures results from a Fortune 100 company undergoing massive transformational change. The findings indicate that collective efficacy has a much stronger relationship to performance than path-goal clarity. For line workers, this …
The Effect Of Personality And Trust On Virtual Team Effectiveness, Eugene A. Pierce
The Effect Of Personality And Trust On Virtual Team Effectiveness, Eugene A. Pierce
Student Scholarship
Many organizations, such as the Department of Defense (DoD), are using virtual teams to meet the challenges of working globally. These teams are faced with unique challenges due to geographical distance. Literature suggests that trust is especially important in a virtual environment and that team leader personality is suggested to impact team member trust (Handy, l995; Cohen & Bailey, 1997). The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between team leader personality, team member trust and perceived team effectiveness in virtual teamwork. Participants in the study included 873 virtual team members within a combined government (DoD) and commercial …
Big Issues Resulting In Bold Decisions: How Boards Of High-Performing Professional Societies Engage, Mark T. Engle
Big Issues Resulting In Bold Decisions: How Boards Of High-Performing Professional Societies Engage, Mark T. Engle
Student Scholarship
According to Taylor, Chait, and Holland (1996) and Carver (1997), boards of nonprofit organizations spend too much of their limited available time pursuing trivial decisions. This paper examines how boards of high-performing professional societies tackle big issues. Using a decision theoretic approach, the paper conceptualizes bold decision making as involving a particular decision space (Papadakis, Lioukas, & Chambers, 1998), a set of decision steps (DeSanctis & Gallupe, 1987; Nutt, 1984), and group processes associated with bounded rationality (Boland & Pondy, 1986; Simon, 1991). This framework is measured against findings from fieldwork, resulting in a revised conceptual model and general support …
Big Issues Resulting In Bold Decisions: How Boards Of High-Performing Professional Societies Engage, Mark T. Engle
Big Issues Resulting In Bold Decisions: How Boards Of High-Performing Professional Societies Engage, Mark T. Engle
Student Scholarship
According to Taylor, Chait, and Holland (1996) and Carver (1997), boards of nonprofit organizations spend too much of their limited available time pursuing trivial decisions. This paper examines how boards of high-performing professional societies tackle big issues. Using a decision theoretic approach, the paper conceptualizes bold decision making as involving a particular decision space (Papadakis, Lioukas, & Chambers, 1998), a set of decision steps (DeSanctis & Gallupe, 1987; Nutt, 1984), and group processes associated with bounded rationality (Boland & Pondy, 1986; Simon, 1991). This framework is measured against findings from fieldwork, resulting in a revised conceptual model and general support …
How Do Defense Companies Understand And Measure Human Capital, Alexander Eksir
How Do Defense Companies Understand And Measure Human Capital, Alexander Eksir
Student Scholarship
How do we reliably sustain performance of the US defense assets over their expected life cycles in an industry where the legacy skills of employees at an average age of 49 will soon be lost to attrition? While the defense industry has illustrated reliable results in the past, we now must pay serious attention to the Human Capital if we are to continue to sustain performance. This study examines the ways that HC is understood and monitored by upper echelon who work in high-tech defense companies, government as well as individuals in academia who are familiar with the defense industry.
Championing "Tough Issues": How Women And Men Corporate Directors Contribute Differently To Board Deliberations, Nancy E. Mcinerney-Lacombe
Championing "Tough Issues": How Women And Men Corporate Directors Contribute Differently To Board Deliberations, Nancy E. Mcinerney-Lacombe
Student Scholarship
A qualitative study of eleven male and eleven female directors was undertaken to investigate gender differences relating to championing tough issues at the board. This study demonstrated that men and women at the board share common mechanisms in the championing process. Correspondingly, they also evidenced notable differences. A championing model is presented to examine the gendered differences of the "tough issues" championing process. The model incorporates (1) the preconditions to championing, (2) the board environment that impacts the choice to champion (3) the influencing factors that impact the engagement process (4) the engagement style of the champions and (5) the …
Returning To Stay?: Young Adult Commitment In Chinese Protestant Churches In The United States, Cecilia C. Chan
Returning To Stay?: Young Adult Commitment In Chinese Protestant Churches In The United States, Cecilia C. Chan
Student Scholarship
Many Chinese Protestant churches in North America have noted a severe membership reduction due to the exiting of second generation Asian Americans, i.e. American-Raised Chinese (ARC) and American-Born Chinese (ABC). This research investigates why 22- to 35-year-old young adults return or do not return to Chinese churches after a hiatus usually caused by relocation to attend college. The purpose of the study is to examine motives of these young adults, to examine the nature and extent of their commitment and loyalty to the church and to consider how acculturation and cultural conflicts influence retention decisions. Our findings may allow church …
Sensemaking And Meaning-Arbitrage In Loosely-Coupled Healthcare Organizations, Sridhar Belavadi Seshadri
Sensemaking And Meaning-Arbitrage In Loosely-Coupled Healthcare Organizations, Sridhar Belavadi Seshadri
Student Scholarship
Academic Medical Centers (AMC), despite their research and educational prowess, are in a financial crisis. Increasing costs, stiffer competition, and anticipated tightening of budgets have created new levels of urgency among medical school deans and hospital CEOs to increase the efficiency of the clinical enterprise. This study models an AMC as a loosely coupled system and examines why interdisciplinary teams—comprising administrators, physicians, and nurses—struggle to successfully reengineer healthcare processes. Semi- structured interviews in an U.S. AMC were the basis for the development of a grounded theory framework. The findings suggest that: (a) the ambivalent culture of an AMC alternately supports …
The Mental Universe Of Success, Radhashyam Giridharadas
The Mental Universe Of Success, Radhashyam Giridharadas
Student Scholarship
Adaptive, transformative changes are not just a luxury for the chosen few but a vital necessity for all organizations. The brutality of market forces, the ephemeral qualities of customer needs, the revolutionary powers of technology and the ravages caused by the passage of time make the need to constantly adapt and renew competitive advantages an undeniable high priority for organizations. Most adaptive changes begin with learning. That learning often inspires a new vision and mindset, and the actions that ensue could result in new cultures, skills, systems and processes. We have collectively referred to all these elements as the mental …
National Standards And Role Advancement In U.S. Community Foundations, Michael Wolfe
National Standards And Role Advancement In U.S. Community Foundations, Michael Wolfe
Student Scholarship
Community foundations administer over $44 billion and distribute $3.6 billion annually to improve quality of life throughout America. The Council on Foundations, a nationwide membership association of grantmaking organizations of all types, developed rigorous, but voluntary, "National Standards for U.S. Community Foundations" in 2000. In light of increased public scrutiny of charitable organizations, standards were developed to define and distinguish community foundations from other philanthropic vehicles and to aid them in establishing legal, ethical and effective operational practices that demonstrate transparency and financial responsibility. In addition, the Standards were conceived to promote self-regulation in a manner viewed positively by policy …
Discovery: An Incremental Revolution, Rebecca Minnillo
Discovery: An Incremental Revolution, Rebecca Minnillo
Student Scholarship
Theorists such as Simon (1973), Popper (1959) and Kuhn (1962) have commented on the tendency to view scientific discovery as a "revolution" with a focus on an end result. In history, we "date" scientific discoveries as if they were events instead of the final outcome of a lengthy experimentation process. But, as Kuhn (1962:7) observed nearly a half-century ago, scientific revolution is, in fact, a "process rarely completed by a single man and never overnight". Rather, discovery most often occurs as a result of collaboration and interaction between researchers over protracted periods of time. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of …
Sales Opportunity Crafting: Explaining How Salespeople Craft Value Propositions In Business-To-Business Selling, Ganesh Kumar
Sales Opportunity Crafting: Explaining How Salespeople Craft Value Propositions In Business-To-Business Selling, Ganesh Kumar
Student Scholarship
This paper examines the spontaneous, situational, adaptive capabilities in successful business-to-business salespeople. Salespeople craft appropriate sales value propositions that resonate with buyers to achieve a sale. Findings indicate sales value propositions occur in four distinct patterns, as a combination of a salespeople’s choice in emphasizing the value of their relationship and/or the solution itself. This paper combines contingency selling approaches with job crafting to suggest a new construct—“sales opportunity crafting (SOC)”—to explain how salespeople frame a sales opportunity and then decide on a sales value positioning response. The suggested model highlights the role of antecedents— such as influence over customers’ …
Pruning The Garden Of Successors: Daughters, Sons, And Succession In Family Businesses, Kathyann Kessler Overbeke
Pruning The Garden Of Successors: Daughters, Sons, And Succession In Family Businesses, Kathyann Kessler Overbeke
Student Scholarship
This paper describes selection processes of successors in family businesses with respect to daughters of family business owners. Statistics reveal a paucity of daughters in the ranks of successors. Understanding of this issue might identify beliefs and practices within business owning families that may contribute to the success or failure of transitioning from one generation to the next. A conceptual model was developed based on the decision making process described by The Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1985). A qualitative approach was used to investigate this phenomenon allowing for feelings, stories, and reflective thought to emerge and provide insights into …
A Qualitative Examination Of The Antecedents And Consequences Of Accreditation Of Nonprofit Organizations, Lise Anne D. Slatten
A Qualitative Examination Of The Antecedents And Consequences Of Accreditation Of Nonprofit Organizations, Lise Anne D. Slatten
Student Scholarship
Several nonprofit umbrella associations have implemented assessment and certification programs intending to produce institutional improvement for member organizations. An analysis of semi-structured interviews guided by institutional theory, reveals factors that differentiate among organizations that chose to participate in one such program (the Louisiana Standards for Excellence organizational assessment) and those that did not. Drawing on organizational learning and accountability literatures, the research investigates the antecedents and consequences of accreditation in nonprofits. Results indicate that, integrity-enhancement, continuous improvement and financial motives drive the decision to seek accreditation, and outcomes of remediation-oriented process improvement initiatives were contingent upon staff commitment.
Championing "Tough Issues": How Women And Men Corporate Directors Contribute Differently To Board Deliberations, Nancy E. Mcinerney-Lacombe
Championing "Tough Issues": How Women And Men Corporate Directors Contribute Differently To Board Deliberations, Nancy E. Mcinerney-Lacombe
Student Scholarship
A qualitative study of eleven male and eleven female directors was undertaken to investigate gender differences relating to championing tough issues at the board. This study demonstrated that men and women at the board share common mechanisms in the championing process. Correspondingly, they also evidenced notable differences. A championing model is presented to examine the gendered differences of the "tough issues" championing process. The model incorporates (1) the preconditions to championing, (2) the board environment that impacts the choice to champion (3) the influencing factors that impact the engagement process (4) the engagement style of the champions and (5) the …
Betting On Catastrophe: The Private Sector And Anti-Terrorism Spending For Physical Security, James K. Hayes
Betting On Catastrophe: The Private Sector And Anti-Terrorism Spending For Physical Security, James K. Hayes
Student Scholarship
The cost of protecting U.S. private sector critical infrastructure assets is estimated at $10 billion per year. This qualitative research examined the incentives and obstacles for the willing expenditure on terrorism protection by American business, revealing that the implementation of security measures beyond the private sector's day-to-day operational risks have characteristics similar to the private provision of a public good. Notions of moral hazard created by government actions in response to catastrophic events can have an effect that is at odds with encouraging greater private spending in this area. This paper may have important implications for policy-makers looking to address …
Appreciative Inquiry-Based Intervention: A Network View Of Organizational Renewal, Thomas H. Carlson
Appreciative Inquiry-Based Intervention: A Network View Of Organizational Renewal, Thomas H. Carlson
Student Scholarship
This paper describes the design, conduct and outcomes of an Appreciative Inquiry-based intervention. The subject group was a newly formed unit of a health care organization. The unit was formed by merging elements of two preexisting groups, and was guided by inexperienced managers. Previous interaction between those groups had been characterized by distrust and competition. Appreciative Inquiry provided the foundation for the intervention. Members of the unit galvanized around identified strengths, shared values and beliefs, shared perspectives, and a positive vision of their future; the normative-relational aspect of the intervention. On that foundation, members of the unit developed generative skills …
Top Salespeople Don't Sell: Managing Frame Incongruence Through Network Partitioning, Stuart R. Strolin
Top Salespeople Don't Sell: Managing Frame Incongruence Through Network Partitioning, Stuart R. Strolin
Student Scholarship
Buying decisions surrounding complex, transformational software are not made by individuals but instead by buying teams. Existing research on sales behavior and salesperson traits focuses on one-to-one selling and gives little insight into the training and selection required of a successful sales force. This paper describes the selling style and personal traits of twelve successful salespeople engaged in complex computer software sales to buying teams. What do successful salespeople do and what is it about him/her that distinguishes the most successful? Technology Frames of Reference and Actor Network Theory were used to interpret the methods used in successfully selling to …
What Are They Thinking About R&D? A Strategic Core Competence, Or An Operational Business Decision?, Beth Fitz Gibbon
What Are They Thinking About R&D? A Strategic Core Competence, Or An Operational Business Decision?, Beth Fitz Gibbon
Student Scholarship
Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nineteen senior North American business practitioners in multinational corporations to understand their experiences with strategic planning and resource allocation for R&D. In particular, we sought to elicit insight about where planning and allocation overlap, and how they are executed today, vs. five to ten years ago. Findings indicate the outsourcing of R&D is rapidly increasing. R&D is becoming an operational business function as opposed to an internal investment in key knowledge for future firm sustainability. R&D also appears to no longer be a major focus of the strategic planning effort at the highest management levels. …
What Influences Moral Choice Among College Student Athletes, Mary-Beth A. Cooper
What Influences Moral Choice Among College Student Athletes, Mary-Beth A. Cooper
Student Scholarship
Sixteen intercollegiate athletes, eight male and eight female basketball players representing both Division I and Division III institutions, were interviewed to understand what influences college student athletes when making moral choices. The study focused on how student athletes define moral choice and what social referent groups impact them. The effects of gender and NCAA Division level were also investigated. Fear of consequences, influence of individuals occupying key leadership positions on the team, and the role of upper class students were revealed to impact moral choice.
Service Feature Considerations For Developing Consumer Satisfaction In Online Environments, Matthew J. Gymer
Service Feature Considerations For Developing Consumer Satisfaction In Online Environments, Matthew J. Gymer
Student Scholarship
Self-service technologies (SSTs) and customer-vendor participation (co-production) are important features in the service encounter, yet there is much to learn about these service features relationship to customer satisfaction. The literature is rich with evidence of SSTs importance to forming customer satisfaction, but there is scant empirical evidence pointing to the role of co-production in forming customer satisfaction in online service encounters. It is hypothesized that within the online service encounter, features of co-production are significant predictors of customer satisfaction. Survey data show that customers differentiate the service features of co-production from the service features of SSTs. Furthermore, these two service …
Trap, Escape And Vision Integration: Key Adaptive Challenges Of Leadership In Conflict, Tin Muang Than
Trap, Escape And Vision Integration: Key Adaptive Challenges Of Leadership In Conflict, Tin Muang Than
Student Scholarship
The paper identifies trap, escape and vision integration as adaptive challenges to leadership in conflict, particularly in the context of Burma, where military government and elected parties have been in political impasse since 1990 elections. International sanctions and constructive engagement strategies have failed to bring the parties to the table. Burmese opposition leaders have found that other parties are simply unwilling to begin negotiations. In this context, what can opposition leaders do when a major actor of conflict is reluctant to enter into negotiation? Concepts are mainly drawn from theories of leadership, conflict and group. The research objective is to …
Maximizing Large Organization Performance By Uncovering Engaged Employees, Michael W. Bowling
Maximizing Large Organization Performance By Uncovering Engaged Employees, Michael W. Bowling
Student Scholarship
Organizations face a daunting challenge as they grow. Multiple studies and theories have been developed defining the challenge of large firms including loss of control, loss of task visibility, increasing agency and monitoring costs and misalignment of incentives between the owners and managers of large firms. Examining the theories of Propensity to Withhold Effort, Organizational Commitment Behavior and Employee Engagement this paper seeks to explore the factors that inhibit employees to give the rational level of effort versus the environments where employees to go beyond expectations.
Who We Are Drives What We Do: The Interplay Of Identity On Workplace Behaviors, Monika L. Hudson
Who We Are Drives What We Do: The Interplay Of Identity On Workplace Behaviors, Monika L. Hudson
Student Scholarship
This empirical study is designed to examine issues associated with who people believe they are and the effect that that has on how they behave. Specifically, it considers the separate and combined effect of three individually focused identity constructs-organizational, ethnic, and professional identity--on workplace behaviors perceived by the person or significant others as being either socially desirable or deviant. The behaviors are examined from the perspective of whether they are directed toward fellow employees or the work institution itself. The paper also considers whether two dimensions of organizational culture moderate the identity-influenced expressions of particular behaviors. Information was gathered from …