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Brigham Young University

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Articles 451 - 480 of 492

Full-Text Articles in Business Administration, Management, and Operations

Researching Corporate Social Responsibility: An Agenda For The 21st Century, Paul Godfrey, Nile W. Hatch Jan 2007

Researching Corporate Social Responsibility: An Agenda For The 21st Century, Paul Godfrey, Nile W. Hatch

Faculty Publications

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a tortured concept. We review the current state of the art across a number of academic disciplines, from accounting to management to theology. In a world that is increasingly global and pluralistic, progress in our understanding of CSR must include theorizing around the micro-level processes practicing managers engage in when allocating resources toward social initiatives, as well as refined measurement of the outcomes of those initiatives on stakeholder and shareholder interests. Scholarship must also account for the influence of diverse, and even maladaptive, stakeholders as well as more fully incorporate non-Western philosophical and economic perspectives. …

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The Dynamics Of Social Responsibility: Processes, Positions, And Paths In The Oil And Gas Industry, Paul C. Godfrey Jan 2007

The Dynamics Of Social Responsibility: Processes, Positions, And Paths In The Oil And Gas Industry, Paul C. Godfrey

Faculty Publications

I use corporate strategy concepts and tools to focus on the dynamics of firm social initiatives and actions over time. I examine the different paths and positions taken by firms, and the processes that may underlie such paths and positions. My sample comprises 19 firms in the oil and gas industry, and covers the decade from 1991-2000. I use an exploratory approach that mixes qualitative and quantitative cluster analysis as the primary tools to examine this industry, and to isolate and examine distinct social responsibility positions and paths taken by these firms. I also provide evidence about which theoretical processes …

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Presumptive Adaptation And The Effectiveness Of Knowledge Transfer, Robert J. Jensen, Gabriel Szulanski Oct 2006

Presumptive Adaptation And The Effectiveness Of Knowledge Transfer, Robert J. Jensen, Gabriel Szulanski

Faculty Publications

Adaptation is almost invariably accompanies the cross-border transfer of firm specific practices. The existing literature contains two conflicting approaches to adaptation. The first, more traditional approach, following institutional, motivation, and pragmatic efficiency considerations, presumes that a modified practice can be fine-tuned, stabilized, and institutionalized without consulting a working example and that practices should thus be adapted as quickly as possible to create fit with the local environment. The second approach argues, instead for the need to maintain the diagnostic value of the original practice by adapting cautiously and gradually. In this paper, we report an in-depth field investigation of the …

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Conflicts Of Interest, David J. Cherrington Sep 2006

Conflicts Of Interest, David J. Cherrington

Faculty Publications

Our research on theft and fraud has taught us three important lessons about conflicts of interest: first, they are much more prevalent than one would expect, second, they are much more serious than one might think, and third, some of them can’t be eliminated.

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Relation-Specific Capabilities And Barriers To Knowledge Transfers: Creating Advantage Through Network Relationships, Jeffrey H. Dyer, Nile W. Hatch Jan 2006

Relation-Specific Capabilities And Barriers To Knowledge Transfers: Creating Advantage Through Network Relationships, Jeffrey H. Dyer, Nile W. Hatch

Faculty Publications

This study examines the role of network knowledge resources in influencing firm performance. More specifically: Can a firm that uses the identical supplier network as competitors and purchases similar inputs from the same plants achieve a competitive advantage through that network? In a sample of U.S. automotive suppliers selling to both Toyota and U.S. automakers, we found that greater knowledge sharing on the part of Toyota resulted in a faster rate of learning within the suppliers’ manufacturing operations devoted to Toyota. Indeed, from 1990 to 1996 suppliers reduced defects by 50 percent for Toyota vs. only 26 percent for their …

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Family Acculturation, Family Leisure Involvement, And Family Functioning Among Mexican-Americans, Owen D. Christenson, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Dennis L. Eggett, Patti A. Freeman Jan 2006

Family Acculturation, Family Leisure Involvement, And Family Functioning Among Mexican-Americans, Owen D. Christenson, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Dennis L. Eggett, Patti A. Freeman

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between acculturation and family leisure involvement and aspects of family functioning ( cohesion and adaptability) from Mexican-American parent, youth, and family perspectives. Acculturation was measured using the Bidimensional Acculturation Scale for Hispanics (BAS), family leisure involvement was measured using the Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP), and family functioning was measured using the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES II). The sample was obtained from communities in Texas and Utah and consisted of 74 Mexican-American families, including a parent and child from each family. After adjusting for sociodemographic variables, the …

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Body Image And Beliefs About Appearance: Constraints On The Leisure Of College-Age And Middle-Agewomen, Toni Liechty, Patti A. Freeman, Ramon B. Zabriskie Jan 2006

Body Image And Beliefs About Appearance: Constraints On The Leisure Of College-Age And Middle-Agewomen, Toni Liechty, Patti A. Freeman, Ramon B. Zabriskie

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among body image, beliefs about appearance, and leisure constraints for college-age women and their mothers. The Body-Image Assessment Scale, the Beliefs About Appearance Scale, and a hierarchical leisure constraints scale were used to assess body image concerns, and leisure constraints. A convenience sample of 116 female students at a private American university and 76 of their mothers was utilized. Multiple regression and t-tests were used to analyze the data. Findings suggested that body image and beliefs about appearance pose leisure constraints for college-age and middle-age women. Findings also suggested that …

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The Contribution Of Couple Leisure Involvement, Leisure Time, And Leisure Satisfaction To Marital Satisfaction, Heather A. Johnson, Ramon Zabriskie, Brian Hill Jan 2006

The Contribution Of Couple Leisure Involvement, Leisure Time, And Leisure Satisfaction To Marital Satisfaction, Heather A. Johnson, Ramon Zabriskie, Brian Hill

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to further clarify the relationship between couple leisure patterns and marital satisfaction by examining the contribution of joint couple leisure involvement, leisure time, and leisure satisfaction to couples’ satisfaction with married life. The sample consisted of 48 married couples (N = 96). The Marital Activity Profile (MAP), a modified version of the Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP) was used to determine couple leisure involvement in core and balance leisure activities and leisure satisfaction. The Satisfaction With Married Life (SWML), a modified version of the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) was used to measure marital …

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Creating Breadth In Business Education Through Service-Learning, Paul C. Godfrey, Louise M. Illes, Gregory R. Berry Jan 2005

Creating Breadth In Business Education Through Service-Learning, Paul C. Godfrey, Louise M. Illes, Gregory R. Berry

Faculty Publications

We argue service-learning pedagogy and the associated educational experiences provide a partial solution to the significant problem of narrowness in business education. Servicelearning pedagogy seeks to balance academic rigor with practical relevance, set in a context of civic engagement, which furnishes students with a broader and, we argue, richer, educational experience. We present four specific critiques of business education: (1) the business curriculum focuses on functional and discrete rather than cross-functional and holistic knowledge; (2) coursework emphasizes practical problem-solving “tool kits” rather than deep theoretical knowledge; (3) the underlying paradigm of business education views humanity and human interactions in purely …

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Measuring Organizational Safety And Effectiveness At Nasa, Daniel S. Wong, Vinit M. Desai, Peter Madsen, Karlene H. Roberts, Anthony Ciavarelli Jan 2005

Measuring Organizational Safety And Effectiveness At Nasa, Daniel S. Wong, Vinit M. Desai, Peter Madsen, Karlene H. Roberts, Anthony Ciavarelli

Faculty Publications

Many project managers may be fully aware of the safety risks within their organizations. What they may not know, however, is that many of these risks are caused by the underlying safety culture of the organization rather than human individual differences in the organization. This article argues that managers can mitigate safety risks by obtaining a better understanding of their organizations’ culture. The researchers created a management metric that enables engineering/project managers to identify positive and negative aspects of safety that are tied to their organizations’ cultures. The article presents a process that managers can use to increase safety and …

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Leadership, Collective Personality, And Performance, David A. Hofmann, Lisa Jones Christensen Jan 2005

Leadership, Collective Personality, And Performance, David A. Hofmann, Lisa Jones Christensen

Faculty Publications

By viewing behavior regularities at the individual and collective level as functionally isomorphic, a referent-shift compositional model for the Big 5 personality dimensions is developed. On the basis of this compositional model, a common measure of Big 5 personality at the individual level is applied to the collective as a whole. Within this framework, it is also hypothesized that leadership (i.e., transformational, transactional, and passive) would predict collective personality and that collective personality would be significantly related to collective performance. The results supported these hypotheses using a sample of franchised units. On the basis of recent research at the individual …

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Diversification And Focus: A Bayesian Application Of The Resource-Based View, Lee T. Perry, Mark H. Hansen, C. Shane Reese, Greggory Pesci Jan 2005

Diversification And Focus: A Bayesian Application Of The Resource-Based View, Lee T. Perry, Mark H. Hansen, C. Shane Reese, Greggory Pesci

Faculty Publications

We propose a new application of the resource-based view (RBV) that is more consistent with Penrose's (1959) original framework. We use that framework to study the relationship between diversification and refocusing strategies and economic performance. We propose that the RBV may be enhanced by the explicit recognition of Penrose's two classes of resources, administrative and productive resources. This distinction suggests a focus on the administrative decisions of managers, including the multiple decisions associated with diversification and refocusing strategies, which lead to economic performance. Second, we argue that RBV theory is a theory about extraordinary performers or outliers, not averages. Therefore, …

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When And How Trustworthiness Matters: Knowledge Transfer And The Moderating Effect Of Causal Ambiguity, Robert J. Jensen, Gabriel Szulanski, Rossella Cappetta Sep 2004

When And How Trustworthiness Matters: Knowledge Transfer And The Moderating Effect Of Causal Ambiguity, Robert J. Jensen, Gabriel Szulanski, Rossella Cappetta

Faculty Publications

The recognition that better use of existing internal knowledge could enhance survival chances or organizations has spawned substantial interest in the transferability of routinized, experiential learning to additional settings within the organization Previous research has established that trustworthiness of the source enhances such knowledge transfer. More recent work, however, suggests that this may not always be the case. Yet, little systematic attention has been paid to moderating conditions. The major purpose of this paper is to identify a moderator, causal ambiguity, which delineates the conditions as to when and how a recipient's perception of the trustworthiness of a source affects …

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The Organizational Analysis Of Non-Governmental Development Organizations (Ngdos), Urelmaa Tsolmon Jul 2004

The Organizational Analysis Of Non-Governmental Development Organizations (Ngdos), Urelmaa Tsolmon

Theses and Dissertations

This paper uses the current organizational ecology theory to clearly define organizational population ecology constructs of non-governmental development organizations, and offers specific terminology and understanding of main organizational forms and relational dynamics that define the population ecology of these organizations. The paper examines closely the significance of such interaction and interdependence through transactional relationship of obtaining and distributing of resources and forces of competition. Original organizational theory frameworks are offered for future NGDO organizational research.

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Stickiness And The Adaptation Of Organizational Practices In Cross-Border Knowledge Transfers, Robert J. Jensen, Gabriel Szulanski Jun 2004

Stickiness And The Adaptation Of Organizational Practices In Cross-Border Knowledge Transfers, Robert J. Jensen, Gabriel Szulanski

Faculty Publications

The re-use of organizational practices in multiple locations is a fundamental way MNCs leverage knowledge to seek competitive advantage. Scholars approaching the issue of adaptation from both a market and an institutional perspective argue that, in order to achieve fit with the local environment, some degree of adaptation is advisable with the need for adaptation increasing as the institutional distance between source and recipient locations increases. However, arguments to date have examined the effect of adaptation primarily on a subsidiary's long term performance. A necessary precursor is to understand the effect of adaptation on the transfer process itself as transfer …

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Human Capital And Learning As A Source Of Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Nile W. Hatch, Jeffrey H. Dyer Jan 2004

Human Capital And Learning As A Source Of Sustainable Competitive Advantage, Nile W. Hatch, Jeffrey H. Dyer

Faculty Publications

This paper seeks to identify the sources of wide and persistent variations in learning performance in the semiconductor manufacturing industry. In the resource-based view of the firm, human capital is frequently assumed to contribute to competitive advantage due to its inimitability based on its intangible, firm-specific, and socially complex nature. Consistent with this view, we find that investments in firm-specific human capital have a significant impact on learning and firm performance. More specifically, human capital selection (education requirements and screening), development through training, and deployment significantly improve learning by doing, which in turn improves performance. However, we find that acquiring …

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Contributions Of Family Leisure To Family Functioning Among Transracial Adoptive Families, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Patti Freeman Jan 2004

Contributions Of Family Leisure To Family Functioning Among Transracial Adoptive Families, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Patti Freeman

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine family leisure behavior among intact families with transracial adoptive children and make comparisons to a broad sample of families with only biological children. The sample consisted of 197 adoptive families. Data were analyzed from a parent, youth, and family perspective. The Family Leisure Activity Profile (FLAP) was used to determine family leisure involvement. FACES II was used to measure family functioning. Findings indicated that measures of family cohesion, family adaptability, and family functioning were higher among the adoptive family sample. Core, balance, and total family leisure involvement were also higher among the …

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The Influences Of Family Leisure Patterns On Perceptions Of Family Functioning*, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Bryan P. Mccormick Jan 2004

The Influences Of Family Leisure Patterns On Perceptions Of Family Functioning*, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Bryan P. Mccormick

Faculty Publications

This study conducted a preliminary test of a model of family leisure functioning by examining the relationship of core and balance family leisure patterns to family cohesion and adaptability. We hypothesized that core family leisure patterns address family needs for stability, facilitate the development of cohesive relationships, and are related to perceptions of family cohesion, whereas balance family leisure patterns address family needs for change, facilitate the development of adaptive skills, and are related to perceptions of family adaptability. Findings from 2 multiple regression analyses provided preliminary support for the model. Conclusions and implications are discussed.

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The Cognitive And Affective Antecedents Of General Trust Within Cooperative Organizations, J.L. Morrow Jr., Mark H. Hansen, Allison W. Pearson Jan 2004

The Cognitive And Affective Antecedents Of General Trust Within Cooperative Organizations, J.L. Morrow Jr., Mark H. Hansen, Allison W. Pearson

Faculty Publications

Recently, much attention has been devoted to the important role that trust may play in the management of organizations. From a theoretical perspective, scholars have considered a wide range of topics such as the distinction between trust and distrust (Lewicki et al, 1998), the initial development and evolution of trust within organizations (Jones and George, 1998; Mayer et aL, 1995) and the betrayal of trust (Elangovan and Shapiro, 1998). EmpiricaJJy, researchers have examined how trust impacts organizations at the individual (McAllister, 1995), group (Korsgaard et al, 1995) and organizational levels (Davis fl al., 2000). Despite increasing interest in the effects …

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A Bayesian Operationalization Of The Resource-Based View, Mark H. Hansen, Lee T. Perry, C. Shane Reese Jan 2004

A Bayesian Operationalization Of The Resource-Based View, Mark H. Hansen, Lee T. Perry, C. Shane Reese

Faculty Publications

This paper argues that the gap between the theoretical utility and the practical utility of the resource-based view (RBV) may be narrowed by operationalizing the theory more consistently with Penrose's original framework. The operationalization proposed here is a twofold approach. First, the RBV may be enhanced by the explicit recognition of Penrose's two classes of resources, namely, administrative resources and productive resources. This distinction suggests a focus on the administrative decisions of managers that lead to economic performance. Second, we argue that the RBV is a theory about extraordinary performers or outliers—not averages. Therefore, the statistical methods used in applying …

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Overcoming Stickiness: An Empirical Investigation Of The Role Of The Template In The Replication Of Organizational Routines, Gabriel Szulanski, Robert J. Jensen Jan 2004

Overcoming Stickiness: An Empirical Investigation Of The Role Of The Template In The Replication Of Organizational Routines, Gabriel Szulanski, Robert J. Jensen

Faculty Publications

Knowledge assets are fundamental sources of competitive advantage. Accordingly, the prosperity of firms is increasingly predicated on their ability to mobilize those assets so that they can be properly exploited. Yet, valuable knowledge assets are often complex, intangible, and tacit organizational attributes embedded in organizational routines and are hard to mobilize. Thus, the reality of knowledge transfer rarely lives up to expectations. A central tenet in viewing transfers of knowledge as the replication of organizational routines is the importance of the template. We hypothesize that a template, i.e. a working example, is essential in replicating knowledge assets effectively. In this …

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Parent And Child Perspectives Of Family Leisure Involvement And Satisfaction With Family Life, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Bryan P. Mccormick Jan 2003

Parent And Child Perspectives Of Family Leisure Involvement And Satisfaction With Family Life, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Bryan P. Mccormick

Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between family leisure involvement and satisfaction with family life. The sample consisted of 179 families. Data were analyzed at the parent, child, and family level. Findings indicated that family leisure involvement was the strongest multivariate predictor of family satisfaction from the parent perspective, but was not a significant multivariate predictor from the child's perspective. At the family level of measurement, only the block including Core and Balance family leisure variables explained a significant portion of the variance in family satisfaction. History of divorce was a negative multivariate predictor of family …

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Trust And The Decision To Outsource: Affective Responses And Cognitive Processes, Mark Hansen, J.L. Morrow Jr. Jan 2003

Trust And The Decision To Outsource: Affective Responses And Cognitive Processes, Mark Hansen, J.L. Morrow Jr.

Faculty Publications

Many of the various forms of cooperative strategy that firms are pursuing in today’s economy entail the placing of important business functions in the hands of a partner. This paper examines the role of trust in the decision by a producer to place the marketing function in the hands of another entity, namely a cooperative. Although others have studied the effect of what may be termed general trust on inter-organizational relationships, few have examined the antecedents of that trust. We propose a model in which affective responses and cognitive processes are precursors to a sense of general trust, which, in …

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The Role Of Outdoor Recreation In Family Enrichment, Patti A. Freeman, Ramon B. Zabriskie Jan 2002

The Role Of Outdoor Recreation In Family Enrichment, Patti A. Freeman, Ramon B. Zabriskie

Faculty Publications

The family is the fundamental unit in society and perhaps the oldest and most important of all human institutions. Several studies have indicated a positive correlation between strong, successful families and family participation in outdoor recreational activities. This paper addresses the role of structured outdoor recreation programming in family enrichment. Findings from two studies based in the United States are presented: one on the effect of a one–day family outdoor adventure program on parental and child perceptions of family functioning and the other from a qualitative inquiry into the meaning of family residential camping experiences. The first study collected both …

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Research Summary 6: Analytical Procedures And Audit Planning Decisions, Steven M. Glover, James Jiambalvo, Jane Kennedy Feb 2001

Research Summary 6: Analytical Procedures And Audit Planning Decisions, Steven M. Glover, James Jiambalvo, Jane Kennedy

Faculty Publications

Auditors perform analytical procedures in planning the nature, timing and extent of testing. Significant fluctuations between the current year’s unaudited data and expected results signal an increased risk of material error and help auditors focus their planned tests on high-risk areas. This study examined auditors’ decisions to revise preliminary audit plans after analytical procedures performed during planning revealed significant, unexpected fluctuations. Specifically we examined whether the extent of corroboration for management’s explanation for the fluctuation and the presence of an explicit incentive for management to misstate the financial statements influenced auditors’ decisions to revise their audit plans.

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If It’S Wrong, It’S Wrong; And More Talk Won’T Make It Right, David J. Cherrington, Owen J. Cherrington Jan 2001

If It’S Wrong, It’S Wrong; And More Talk Won’T Make It Right, David J. Cherrington, Owen J. Cherrington

Faculty Publications

We find the moral relativism underlying postmodernism quite disturbing when it comes to discussions of truth and honesty. The following experience illustrates the benefit of a clear, universal standard regarding cheating.

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The Teenage Mind - Part 1, David J. Cherrington, Owen J. Cherrington Jan 2001

The Teenage Mind - Part 1, David J. Cherrington, Owen J. Cherrington

Faculty Publications

When we see teenagers do things that are seriously wrong or illegal we often ask, “Why did they do such a stupid thing?” “What in the world were they thinking?” In fact, teenagers do many stupid things and sometimes it appears they were not really thinking. But when we examine what goes through their minds it is easier to understand why they sometimes act dishonestly. We also learn that the excuses teenagers make for being dishonest are not much different than the rationalizations used by adults.

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Accreditation And Academic Quality: A Comparison With Healthcare Accreditation, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Bryan P. Mccormick Jan 2000

Accreditation And Academic Quality: A Comparison With Healthcare Accreditation, Ramon B. Zabriskie, Bryan P. Mccormick

Faculty Publications

The origins of accreditation in higher education began at the turn of this century, resulting from the rapid growth in number and variety of educational institutions. One of the key concerns of accreditation has been to address quality in educational experiences. Specialized accreditation of higher education programs in recreation, park resources, and leisure services has evolved over the past 20 years; however; concerns can be raised regarding the ability of the current process to adequately measure quality. Comparisons are made with trends identified in the evolution of accreditation in healthcare and their implication to the future of accreditation. Recommendations are …

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Where Do Resources Come From? A Model Of Resource Generation, Paul C. Godfrey, Hal B. Gregersen Jan 1999

Where Do Resources Come From? A Model Of Resource Generation, Paul C. Godfrey, Hal B. Gregersen

Faculty Publications

Although the Resource-Based View of the firm (RBV) continues to gain centrality in the conversation of strategic management, several unanswered questions remain within the emerging paradigm. This article focuses on one of those questions. We propose a causal model of resource generation built around three central constructs: entrepreneurial ability, market context, and organizational context. Entrepreneurial ability generates new asset combinations that are valuable and unique, while market and organizational contexts preserve the value in these new asset combinations by providing barriers to imitation. We build a model and then consider three separate paths for generating idiosyncratic resources within a firm. …

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Service-Learning And Management Education A Call To Action, Paul C. Godfrey Jan 1999

Service-Learning And Management Education A Call To Action, Paul C. Godfrey

Faculty Publications

The private sector of United States society (private corporations) currently enjoys the moral authority to set the national agenda. Business schools, because they train future managers, can play a vital role in helping the private sector sustain that moral authority. Specifically, I argue that service-learning pedagogies offer management educators a way to incorporate citizenship skills and moral training into the traditional management curriculum. This article describes the concept of service-learning, reviews the current state of service-learning in management, and argues that service-learning can enhance both the technical capability and moral capability of students. Key issues for faculty members involved in …

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