Business Commons^™

Assessing The Effectiveness Of A Chatbot Workshop As Experiential Teaching And Learning Tool To Engage Undergraduate Students, Kyong Jin Shim, Thomas Menkhoff, Ying Qian Teo, Clement Shi Qi Ong

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

In this paper, we empirically examine and assess the effectiveness of a chatbot workshop as experiential teaching and learning tool to engage undergraduate students enrolled in an elective course “Doing Business with A.I.” in the Lee Kong Chian School of Business (LKCSB) at Singapore Management University. The chatbot workshop provides non-STEM students with an opportunity to acquire basic skills to build a chatbot prototype using the ‘Dialogflow’ program. The workshop and the experiential learning activity are designed to impart conversation and user-centric design know how and know why to students. A key didactical aspect which informs the design and flow …

The Value Of Official Website Information In The Credit Risk Evaluation Of Smes, Cuiqing Jiang, Chang Yin, Qian Tang, Zhao Wang

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The official websites of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) not only reflect the willingness of an enterprise to disclose information voluntarily, but also can provide information related to the enterprises’ historical operations and performance. This research investigates the value of official website information in the credit risk evaluation of SMEs. To study the effect of different kinds of website information on credit risk evaluation, we propose a framework to mine effective features from two kinds of information disclosed on the official website of a SME—design-based information and content-based information—in predicting its credit risk. We select the SMEs in the software …

Class Participation: Using Technology To Enhance Efficiency And Fairness, Benjamin Gan, Eng Lieh Ouh

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Class participation can be considered as contribution to discussion, attendance, presentations, unsolicited responses, questions, comments, etc. What counts may vary across individual teachers. The more students participate, the less memorization they do, and the more they engage in higher levels of thinking, including interpretation, analysis, and synthesis. However, only a handful of students in many classrooms participate regularly, a phenomenon dubbed as "consolidation of responsibility". This study provides a literature review of inclass participation, as well as pedagogies and technologies that enhance participation. Pedagogies such as active learning, group learning, project-based learning and flipped classroom. Technologies to automate attendance taking, …

Vision Paper: Advancing Of Ai Explainability For The Use Of Chatgpt In Government Agencies: Proposal Of A 4-Step Framework, Hui Shan Lee, Shankararaman, Venky, Eng Lieh Ouh

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

This paper explores ChatGPT’s potential in aiding government agencies, drawing from a case study based on a government agency in Singapore. While ChatGPT’s text generation abilities offer promise, it brings inherent challenges, including data opacity, potential misinformation, and occasional errors. These issues are especially critical in government decision-making.Public administration’s core values of transparency and accountability magnify these concerns. Ensuring AI alignment with these principles is imperative, given the potential repercussions on policy outcomes and citizen trust.AI explainability plays a central role in ChatGPT’s adoption within government agencies. To address these concerns, we propose strategies like prompt engineering, data governance, and …

Understanding Information Sharing Among Equity Analysts, An-Ping Lin, Smu Office Of Research

Research@SMU Infographics

While analysts are known to be experts of the industries they cover, there is a lack ofevidence about how information is shared about the industries they do not cover. SMU Assistant Professor of Accounting Lin An-Ping and his collaborators used the interdependence between an analyst’s covered industry and their colleagues’ covered industries to measure the extent of cross-industry information sharing among analysts.

Is Anti-Herding Always A Smart Choice? Evidence From Mutual Funds, John Byong-Tek Lee, Jun Ma, Dimitris Margaritis, Wanyi Yang

Sim Kee Boon Institute for Financial Economics

Recent empirical studies document a negative relation between herding behaviour and the skill of mutual fund managers. We explore this relationship further by focusing on fund managers' contrarian buy and sell behaviour against the market. Our study reveals an asymmetry in the performance of mutual funds with contrarian buy behaviour and contrarian sell behaviour. The contrarian-buy behaviour reflects skill by positively predicting the cross-section of next period's mutual fund returns, while the contrarian-sell behaviour reflects a lack of skill associated with a negative prediction. These findings are robust to various risk-adjusted performance measures. Contrarian-buy funds outperform momentum-buy funds by 3% …

Novus Ex Machina: Realise Your Organisation’S Creative Potential With Ai, Adam Tatarynowicz, Utz Claassen

Asian Management Insights

Innovation managers must learn how to harness AI’s transformative potential.

Increasing The Acceptance Of Cultivated Meat, Mark Chong

Asian Management Insights

Factors to consider when designing communication strategies for diverse nations.

The Rise Of Multi-Homing In Asia's Ride-Hailing Industry, Hai Wang

Asian Management Insights

Getting it right secures environmental and economic wins for the present and future.

Building Success In The Philippine Retail Sector, Jimmy Thai

Asian Management Insights

Jimmy Thai tells us about how the Primer Group has expanded to become the retail giant it is now.

From Mindset To Action: Accountants As Stewards For Sustainability, Yvonne Chan

Asian Management Insights

They need to start preparing for this new role now.

Conflict Or Alignment? The Role Of Return-Oriented Foreign Shareholders And Domestic Relational Shareholders In Mitigating Earnings Management, Toru Yoshikawa, Ignacio P. Requejo, Asli Colpan, Daisuke Uchida

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This study investigates the effects of foreign return-oriented shareholders and domestic relational shareholders of Japanese companies on the earnings management behavior of their invested firms when stock option pay is adopted. We theorize that foreign shareholders seek short-term returns and do not engage in close monitoring due to an information disadvantage while domestic shareholders prevent managerial behavior that distorts information disclosure. Our findings show that managers of firms that use stock option pay engage in earnings management to increase their private financial benefits and meet capital markets’ expectations, which allows them to enhance their own reputation. However, this managerial behavior …

The State-Led Platformisation Of Financial Services: Frictionless Ecosystems And An Expansive Logic Of "Smartness" In Singapore, Orlando Woods, Tim Bunnell, Lily Kong

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

This article explores the role of the state in driving the platformisation of industry, and in doing so offers a counterpoint to scholarship that focusses on the exploitative effects of private sector-led platformisation. That scholarship views platformisation as the latest incarnation of neoliberal urbanism, with the profit-maximising tendencies of the private sector driving the proliferation of platforms throughout everyday life. Notwith- standing, there remains a need to consider alternative models of platformisation. Drawing on 31 interviews with architects of Singapore’s Smart Nation initiative, we consider the state-led platformisation of financial services. We argue that state-led platformisation can open up marketplaces …

Exploring The Operationalization Of Market Sensing In A Higher Education Organization, Ashish Bhardwaj

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

Market sensing is a dynamic capability of an organization that enables management to understand the market environment and develop strategic plans that best position the organization to continue to be relevant to the marketplace and sustain an advantaged competitive position. Extant research has explored the difference between ordinary and dynamic capabilities and proposed the role of dynamic capabilities as enabling the configuration and reconfiguration of the organization’s assets in response to or in anticipation of a rapidly evolving market environment, to maintain competitive advantage.

Market sensing dynamic capability has been hypothesized to consist of three key organizational processes – sensing, …

Determinants Of Business Organization’S Adoption Of Complex Innovative Product: A Case Of The Intelligent Iot System For Hog-Raising, Jingguan Cao

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

With the development of science and technology, various opportunities emerged for the application of complex innovative products. However, not all business organizations are willing to adopt complex innovative products although these products can improve efficiency and reduce costs of the organizations, because there are bound to be various problems in the early application of new technologies. Hence, it is important to find the key influencing factors for the acceptance of complex innovative products by business organizations. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a typical complex innovative product, and this dissertation takes the intelligent IoT system for hog-raising as a case …

The Impact Of Equity Incentive Executive Compensation On Corporate Performance, Bing Ruan

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

The management rights and ownership of modern enterprises are often separated. Enterprise owners, i.e. shareholders, pursue the maximization of enterprise profits, while enterprise managers pursue the maximization of their own interests. This leads to conflicts between the two parties in the process of pursuing the maximization of their respective interests. To address the inconsistency of interests in principal-agent relationships, effective corporate governance mechanisms are needed. The equity incentive system is one of the important means for modern enterprises to implement effective human capital management. Its purpose is to bind the personal interests of management with the interests of the enterprise, …

Construction Of Esg Evaluation Index System Of State-Owned Listed Companies: Analysis Based On The Perspective Of Comprehensive Corporate Value, Yiping Sun

Dissertations and Theses Collection (Open Access)

In this paper, I explore the applicability of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) evaluation systems to Chinese state-owned enterprises (SOEs). I assess these ESG evaluation systems in terms of the overall value of Chinese SOEs and point out that these enterprises do not have their own evaluation system. Establishing an ESG system for Chinese SOEs can encourage them to disclose quantifiable indicators, thus objectively demonstrating their comprehensive ESG performance and helping to enhance their overall value. I examine the current ESG evaluation systems in detail and find that there are many problems in applying the main international evaluation systems to …

Audit Adjustments And The Discontinuity In Earnings Distribution Around Zero, Chu Yeong Lim, Themin Suwardy, Tracey Chunqi Zhang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Accounting researchers have documented that a discontinuity exists in earnings distribution around zero. However, there is considerable debate among researchers whether the earnings discontinuity around zero is caused by earnings management. We aim to shed light on the earnings discontinuity debate by examining the impact of audit adjustments on the distribution of earnings using a unique dataset from Singapore containing both recorded and waived adjustments. We find that audit adjustments do not reduce the discontinuity of earnings distribution around zero. This affirms that the results of Lennox et. al (2016) based on pre-tax earnings also apply to post-tax earnings and …

Mitigating Industry Contagion Effects From Financial Reporting Fraud: A Competitive Dynamics Perspective Of Non-Errant Rival Firms Exploiting Product-Market Opportunities, Eugene Kang, Nongnapat Thosuwanchot, David Gomulya

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Existing studies show that financial reporting frauds by errant firms cause declines in stock market valuations for non-errant rival firms (i.e. industry contagion effects). We posit that contagion effects may be mitigated by investors’ expectations of non-errant rivals exploiting product-market opportunities at the expense of errant firms. We apply the competitive dynamics literature to argue that non-errant rivals experience lower contagion effects when they have more available slack to engage in competitive actions. This effect is expected to strengthen when rival firms have previously deployed more resources for research and development and advertising investments or have higher prior market share …

Financial Crisis And Female Entrepreneurship: Evidence From South Korea, Jungho Lee, Sunha Myong

Research Collection School Of Economics

We document a drastic increase in female-owned manufacturing firms in South Korea after the 1997 financial crisis. During the crisis, a major banking sector reform was conducted, and many underperforming bank branches were forced to close down. Using a geographical variation of bank branch closures during the reform, we show that the banking sector reform resulted in a rise in female entrepreneurship. We present evidence that male-owned firms were preferred by the closeddown bank branches, despite female-owned firms exhibiting lower risks and higher returns. The banking sector reform, although not explicitly aimed at addressing gender disparities, substantially benefited female entrepreneurs …

Boots On The Ground: Foreign Direct Investment By Born Digital Firms, Maximilian Stalkkamp, Liang Chen, Sali Li

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Research Summary: Recent global strategy research on born digital firms (i.e., firms with digital products distributed through digital channels) has paid only limited attention to the role of foreign direct investment (FDI) in the internationalization of such firms. We argue that exploiting digital technologies requires a range of complementary, non-digital resources. Born digitals typically deploy FDI when large cultural and geographic distances limit the fungibility and scalability of such complementary resources, leading to a positive relationship between distance (cultural and geographic) and FDI. The positive distance effect is moderated by business model type. Using a sample of US-based born digital …

Pricing Under Uncertainty: Forward And Option Pricing In Sports Markets, Preethika Sainam, Sridhar Balasubramanian, Shantanu Bhattacharya, Lin L. Ong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Tickets to popular elimination style tournaments (e.g., NFL Super Bowl) are expensive and scarce. Sports organizations sell these tickets well in advance of the final game. Fans hesitate to buy them because they are unsure about whether their favorite team will play in it. We present two alternatives to the current practice: consumer forwards and options. A fan pays a reserve price to secure her team-specific forward ticket. If that team makes it to the final game, the fan must (in the option case, has the choice to) pay an exercise price to purchase the ticket. If the team does …

Maximizing The Benefits Of An On-Demand Workforce: Fill Rate-Based Allocation And Coordination Mechanisms, Tao Lu, Zhichao Zheng, Yuanguang Zhong

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Problem definition: With the rapid growth of the gig economy, on-demand staffing platforms have emerged to help companies manage their temporary workforce. This emerging business-to-business context motivates us to study a new form of supply chain coordination problem. We consider a staffing platform managing an on-demand workforce to serve multiple firms facing stochastic labor demand. Before demand realization, each individual firm can hire permanent employees, whereas the platform determines a compensation rate for potential on-demand workers. After knowing the realized demand, firms in need can request on-demand workers from the platform, and then, the platform operator allocates the available on-demand …

Tail Risk Hedging: The Search For Cheap Options, Poh Ling Neo, Chyng Wen Tee

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The authors find that a simple heuristic of sorting liquid equity options by dollar price to construct a portfolio of cheap put options leads to a surprisingly robust hedge for tail risk – the superior performance holds even when compared against more advanced empirical strategies. Further investigation reveals the asymmetry in market correlation under different market conditions as the mechanism of this robust hedging performance. The cheap options selected by the heuristic comprises of stocks with diverse firm characteristics. The correlation spike accompanying tail risk events leads to the majority of these put options moving into-the-money (ITM), thus compensating the …

The Dark Side Of The Sharing Economy: A Systematic Literature Review Of Externalities And Their Regulation, Mosaad Mohamed, Sabine Benoit, Chanaka Jayawardhena

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

As the sharing economy has grown, externalities, i.e., “dark sides,” have also surfaced. The intricacies surrounding these externalities and their regulatory measures have garnered significant scholarly interest; however, there remains a lack of comprehensive guidance on the appropriate regulatory approaches. Based on a systematic literature review of 99 papers, we provide an overview of two regulatory approaches (government and self-regulation) to address the sharing economy's economic, social, and environmental externalities affecting multiple stakeholders. We show that government regulation entails mechanisms based on avoiding, limiting, and guiding, while self-regulation entails mechanisms related to market entry, operation, and monitoring. We develop an …

Public Communication Of Audit Risks And Related-Party Transactions: Evidence From China, Ole-Kristian Hope, Heng Yue, Qinlin Zhong

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

This paper examines whether and how firms' engagement in related-party transactions (RPTs) is shaped by public communication of audit risks as required by the expanded audit report. Using the phased regulatory changes in China and a difference-in-differences design with firm fixed effects and matching, we find that firms significantly reduce their RPTs after the adoption of expanded audit reports (EARs). To investigate potential mechanisms, we find that (1) investor scrutiny increases after the adoption of EARs, (2) the reduction of RPTs is more pronounced when EARs are more likely to attract investor attention, and (3) the reduction of RPTs is …

Sustainability Transformation: The Role Of Accountancy And Finance Professionals In The Singapore Manufacturing Sector, Jiwei Wang, Holly I. Yang, Liandong Zhang, Sanli Pinar Darendeli, Ying-Chi Huang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Sustainability is already reshaping the Singapore manufacturing sector. The majority of companies surveyed (70%) have started their sustainability transformation in one form or another, and many have initiated discussions. However, on the whole, only 37% of companies have implemented sustainability initiatives, and 21% have reported on sustainability. On the bright side, these percentages are slated to double within 1-3 years. The infusion of sustainability into the manufacturing sector has led to accountancy and finance professionals potentially playing a bigger role in their organisations, particularly in aligning the sustainability objectives with business strategies. The study notes that manufacturing companies are mostly …

Effects Of Framing, Nomenclature, And Aversion To Tampering With Nature On Consumer Acceptance Of Cultivated Meat In Singapore, Mark Chong, Angela K. Y. Leung, Tricia M. Fernandez, Shu Tian Ng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper comprises a qualitative (Study 1) and a quantitative phase (Study 2). Study 1 aimed to find out what frames and nomenclature would appeal most to meat eaters – including consumers who have eaten cultivated chicken – in Singapore. It also aimed to discover whether perceptions of cultivated meat's naturalness varied across different age groups. Study 2 assessed which message frame and nomenclature were most effective in fostering consumer acceptance of cultivated meat. In addition, it investigated if age was related to the perception of cultivated meat's naturalness and acceptance, and whether aversion to tampering with nature was negatively …

Going Beyond The Call Of Duty Under Conditions Of Economic Threat: Integrating Life History And Temporal Dilemma Perspectives, Nina Sirola

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Under conditions of economic threat, such as during economic downturns, organizations can benefit from employees’ willingness to go beyond the call of duty and engage in organization-directed citizenship behavior (OCBO). Yet, such behavior is discretionary and competes for time with employees’ other interests and priorities. I integrate life history theory with the temporal dilemma perspective on organizational citizenship behavior to propose that childhood environments sensitize individuals to prioritize different goals in response to economic threat later in life. Consistent with strategies for responding to threat that are functional in their childhood environments, employees from wealthier backgrounds respond to economic threat …

On The Trajectory Of Discrimination: A Meta-Analysis And Forecasting Survey Capturing 44 Years Of Field Experiments On Gender And Hiring Decisions, Michael Schaerer, Christilene Du Plessis, My Hoang Nguyen, Robbie C. M. Van Aert, Leo Tiokkin, Daniel Lakens, Elena G. Clemente, Thomas Pfeiffer, Anna Dreber, Magnus Johannesson, Cory J. Clark

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

A preregistered meta-analysis, including 244 effect sizes from 85 field audits and 361,645 individual job applications, tested for gender bias in hiring practices in female-stereotypical and gender-balanced as well as male-stereotypical jobs from 1976 to 2020. A “red team” of independent experts was recruited to increase the rigor and robustness of our meta-analytic approach. A forecasting survey further examined whether laypeople (n = 499 nationally representative adults) and scientists (n = 312) could predict the results. Forecasters correctly anticipated reductions in discrimination against female candidates over time. However, both scientists and laypeople overestimated the continuation of bias against female candidates. …