Business Commons^™

Ceo Contractual Protection And Debt Contracting, Qiang Cheng, Xia Chen, Alvis K. Lo, Xin Wang

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

CEO employment agreements and severance pay agreements are prevalent among S&P1500 firms. While prior research has examined their impact on corporate decision from shareholders’ perspective, there is little research on their impact from debtholders’ perspective. We examine the effect on debt contracting of CEO contractual protection, in the form of employment agreements and severance pay agreements. We find that compared with other loans, loans issued by firms with CEO contractual protection contain more financial covenants, particularly performance covenants, are more likely to have performance pricing provisions, and have higher loan spreads. We further find that this effect increases with the …

Sharing Risk With The Government: How Taxes Affect Corporate Risk Taking, Alexander Ljungqvist, Liandong Zhang, Luo Zuo

Research Collection School Of Accountancy

Using 113 staggered changes in corporate income tax rates across U.S. states, we provide evidence on how taxes affect corporate risk-taking decisions. Higher taxes reduce expected profits more for risky projects than for safe ones, as the government shares in a firm's upside but not in its downside. Consistent with this prediction, we find that risk taking is sensitive to taxes, albeit asymmetrically: the average firm reduces risk in response to a tax increase (primarily by changing its operating cycle and reducing R&D risk) but does not respond to a tax cut. We trace the asymmetry back to constraints on …

Preparing For Socio-Technical Transitions: Opportunities And Challenges For Policy Design, Sreeja Nair, Araz Taeihagh

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Effective policy mixes are expected to accommodate uncertainties in the future policy context by being flexible and adapt over time in expectation of a range of anticipated and unanticipated conditions. In response to shifts in the future policy context, while policy changes can manifest as increments to status quo over time, policymakers may also need to face the possibility of making major policy shifts to enable the transition into more appropriate policy regimes. In the context of socio-technical transitions, the switch to new policy alternatives can be facilitated by incorporating new policy actions into the suite of current policy strategies …

Analyzing The Impact Of Public Transit Usage On Obesity, Zhaowei She, Douglas M. King, Jacobson Sheldon Sheldon

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The objective of this paper is to estimate the impact of county-level public transit usage on obesity prevalence in the United States and assess the potential for public transit usage as an intervention for obesity. This study adopts an instrumental regression approach to implicitly control for potential selection bias due to possible differences in commuting preferences among obese and non-obese populations. United States health data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and transportation data from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey are aggregated and matched at the county level. County-level public transit accessibility and vehicle ownership rates are …

The Retransmission Of Rumor And Rumor Correction Messages On Twitter, Alton Y. K. Chua, Cheng-Ying Tee, Augustine Pang, Ee-Peng Lim

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This article seeks to examine the relationships among source credibility, message plausibility, message type (rumor or rumor correction) and retransmission of tweets in a rumoring situation. From a total of 5,885 tweets related to the rumored death of the founding father of Singapore Lee Kuan Yew, 357 original tweets without an “RT” prefix were selected and analyzed using negative binomial regression analysis. The results show that source credibility and message plausibility are correlated with retransmission. Also, rumor correction tweets are retweeted more than rumor tweets. Moreover, message type moderates the relationship between source credibility and retransmission as well as that …

The Association Of Hospital Governance With Innovation In Taiwan, Chen-Wei Yang, Yu-Hua Yan, Shih-Chieh Fang, Noorein S. Inamdar, Hsiencheng Lin

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Hospitals in Taiwan are facing major changes and innovation is increasingly becoming a critical factor for remaining competitive. One determinant that can have a significant impact on innovation is hospital governance. However, there is limited prior research on the relationship between hospital governance and innovation. The purpose of this study is to propose a conceptual framework to hypothesize the relationship between governance mechanisms and innovation and to empirically test the hypotheses in hospital organizations. We examine the relationship between governance mechanisms and innovation using data on 102 hospitals in Taiwan from the Taiwan Joint Commission on Hospital Accreditation and Quality …

Liquidity In A Market For Unique Assets: Specified Pool And To-Be-Announced Trading In The Mortgage-Backed Securities Market, Pengjie Gao, Paul Schultz, Zhaogang Song

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Agency mortgage-backed securities (MBS) trade simultaneously in a market for specified pools (SPs) and in the to-be-announced (TBA) forward market. TBA trading creates liquidity by allowing thousands of different MBS to be traded in a handful of TBA contracts. SPs that are eligible to be traded as TBAs have significantly lower trading costs than other SPs. We present evidence that TBA eligibility, in addition to characteristics of TBA-eligible SPs, lowers trading costs. We show that dealers hedge SP inventory with TBA trades, and they are more likely to prearrange trades in SPs that are difficult to hedge.

Organisational Citizenship Behaviors Of Directors: An Integrated Framework Of Director Role-Identity And Boardroom Structure, Toru Yoshikawa, Helen Wei Hu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

While directors’ task boundaries are usually ambiguous, some of their activities or behaviors clearly constitute their formal duties, whereas others are usually perceived as organizational citizenship behavior (OCB). Applying identity theory, we present a theoretical model that demonstrates one of the key drivers for directors to engage in OCB with a focus on their role identity. We argue that an individual director’s role identity is one of the key factors that motivate directors to engage in OCB. Furthermore, we propose that two board-level contingencies, board capital, and informal board hierarchy order, can moderate the effect of directors’ role-identity salience on …

Critical Evaluation Of Action 14 Recommendations And The Suggested Way Forward For Singapore, Luis Coronado, Jerome Van Staden

Research Collection School Of Economics

The final report on Action 14 of the Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) project, Making Dispute Resolution Mechanisms More Effective presents a commitment by countries to implement certain “minimum standards” on dispute resolution. In many ways, Action 14 is the linchpin to the success of the entire BEPS project. To implement the significant changes developed under the BEPS project and make certain that there is neither unintended double taxation nor double non-taxation, there must be a strong and effective mechanism in place when disputes do (inevitably) arise. While the goal of the BEPS project is to create a more …

The Mediating Role Of Emotional Exhaustion In The Relationship Of Mindfulness With Turnover Intentions And Job Performance, Jochen Reb, Jayanth Narayanan, Sankalp Chaturvedi, Srinivas Ekkirala

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Mindfulness in the workplace has emerged as a legitimate and growing area of organizational scholarship. The present research examined the role of employee emotional exhaustion in mediating the relationship of mindfulness with turnover intentions and task performance. Drawing on theory and empirical research on both organizational behavior and mindfulness, we predicted that more mindful employees would show lower turnover intentions and higher task performance and that these relationships would be mediated by emotional exhaustion. We tested these hypotheses in two field studies in an Indian context. Study 1 was a field study of call center employees of a multinational organization, …

Closed-Form Approximations For Optimal (R, Q) And (S, T) Policies In A Parallel Processing Environment, Marcus Ang, Karl Sigman, Jing-Sheng Song, Hanqin Zhang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We consider a single-item continuous-review (r, q) inventory system with a renewal demand process and independent, identically distributed stochastic lead times. Using a stationary marked-point process technique and a heavy-traffic limit, we prove a previous conjecture that inventory position and inventory on-order are asymptotically independent. We also establish closed-form expressions for the optimal policy parameters and system cost in heavy-traffic limit, the first of their kind, to our knowledge. These expressions sharpen our understanding of the key determinants of the optimal policy and their quantitative and qualitative impacts. For example, the results demonstrate that the well-known square-root …

Africa: The Management Education Challenge, Howard Thomas, Michelle P. Lee, Lynne Thomas, Alexander Wilson

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The research evidence for this second volume of Africa: The Management Education Challenge is based primarily on around 40 in-depth, face-to-face, semi-structured interviews lasting about two to three hours. The interviewees were drawn from academia, business, media and government with expertise in management education.

Motivated Cognition And Fairness: Insights, Integration, And Creating A Path Forward, Laurie J. Barclay, Michael R. Bashshur, Marion Fortin

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

How do individuals form fairness perceptions? This question has been central to the fairness literature sinceits inception, sparking a plethora of theories and a burgeoning volume of research. To date, the answer to thisquestion has been predicated on the assumption that fairness perceptions are subjective (i.e., “in the eye of thebeholder”). This assumption is shared with motivated cognition approaches, which highlight the subjectivenature of perceptions and the importance of viewing individuals arriving at those perceptions as active andmotivated processors of information. Further, the motivated cognition literature has other key insights thathave been less explicitly paralleled in the fairness literature, including …

Contract Theory: Impact On Biopharmaceutical Alliance Structure And Performance, Niyazi Taneri, Arnoud De Meyer

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Alliances for new product development have been studied extensively in the operations management literature. Alliances between an innovator and a partner create value by utilizing their complementary capabilities. In this paper, we seek to understand what drives the alliance structure: the choice between collaborative alliances where the parties exert joint efforts and sequential alliances where, for the most part, the partner takes over going forward. Our analysis of a data set of over 2,000 biopharmaceutical alliances reveals our main finding: a key role of operational choices is to address contract theoretic concerns faced by an alliance.We also find that aligning …

Short Interest, Returns, And Unfavorable Fundamental Information, Ferhat Akbas, Ekkehart Boehmer, Bilal Erturk, Sorin Sorescu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Several months before information becomes public, the level of short interest contains value-relevant information about publicly traded corporations. Short interest predicts future bad news, negative earnings surprises, and downward revisions in analyst earnings forecasts. This informational content is stronger for stocks that are harder to short. We also find that nearly half of the well-known cross-sectional relation between short interest and future stock returns is related to future changes in firms’ value-relevant information. Our results suggest that short interest predicts future returns, in part, due to short sellers’ ability to uncover unfavorable information about firms.

Is Electricity Storage Green? A Study On Commercial Buildings, Yangfang (Helen) Zhou

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Electricity storage facilities, such as industrial batteries, are considered the “holy grail” in decarbonizing the electrical grid. They are being widely installed in commercial buildings, e.g., hospitals and shopping centers. We model the problem of managing electricity storage in a commercial building as a Markov Decision Process. Our numerical results, based on models calibrated to the electricity load profiles of 100 commercial buildings in the U.S., show that for every electricity load profile, storage operation may increase carbon emissions.

Industry Integration And Stock Price Synchronicity, Hao Cheng, Kian Guan Lim, Tien Foo Sing, Long Wang

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

This paper provides an alternative explanation of the negative relationship between price synchronicity and proprietary right protection that are uncorrelated to the information hypothesis. Using empirical data for 40 countries, we show that stock market volatility and firm size have significant impact on stock price synchronicity. We find significant correlations of international R2 disparity with industry structure integrations. The derived industry integration indices that capture industry correlations significantly explain cross-sectional and temporal variations in price synchronicity. The results imply that tighter industry integration leads to higher R2, and also explain away the property rights factor found in the information hypothesis.

Opening Up: How Centralization Affects Participation And Inclusion In Strategy Making, Daniel Z. Mack, Gabriel Szulanski

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

Despite the benefits of opening the strategy process, greater inclusiveness and transparency stand in sharp contrast to the conventional emphasis on elitism and opacity in strategy making, especially in centralized organizations where decision making is driven by top management. We suggest that centralized organizations can manage this tension by combining participatory and inclusive practices. Whereas participation is about increasing stakeholders’ input for decisions, inclusion is about creating and sustaining a community of interacting stakeholders engaged in an ongoing stream of issues in the strategy process. We show that the distinction between partic- ipatory and inclusive practices helps to explain why …

Not Just How Much You Know: Interactional Effect Of Cultural Knowledge And Metacognition On Creativity In A Global Context, Chua, Roy Y. J., Kok Yee Ng

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

The ability to think and solve problems creatively in a multicultural environment is critical for success in the 21st century. Integrating research on creative cognition and cultural intelligence, we examine the interactional effects of two cognitive capabilities – cultural knowledge and cultural metacognition – on individuals’ creativity in multicultural teams. We propose that although cultural knowledge is useful for creativity,too much knowledge can be detrimental because of cognitive overload and entrenchment.This inverted U-shaped relationship however, is moderated by cultural metacognition.Results of our study support our hypothesis of an inverted U-shape relationship between cultural knowledge and creativity. As expected, we found …

Shades Of Darkness: A Pecking Order Of Trading Venues, Albert J. Menkveld, Bart Zhou Yueshen, Haoxiang Zhu

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business

We characterize the dynamic fragmentation of U.S. equity markets using a unique data set that disaggregates dark transactions by venue types. The "pecking order" hypothesis of trading venues states that investors "sort" various venue types, putting low-cost-low-immediacy venues on top and high-cost-high-immediacy venues at the bottom. Hence, midpoint dark pools on top, non-midpoint dark pools in the middle, and lit markets at the bottom. As predicted, following VIX shocks, macroeconomic news, and firms' earnings surprises, changes in venue market shares become progressively more positive (or less negative) down the pecking order. We further document heterogeneity across dark venue types and …

Impact Of Oecd Beps Action 7 Proposals On Modification Of Articles 5(4), 5(5) And 5(6) Of Oecd Model Convention - An Evaluation Of Action 7 On The Future Of Intra-Group Transactions And Business Models Of Mnes In Their Cross-Border Investments, Ching Khee Tan, Henry Syrett

Research Collection School Of Economics

The notion of permanent establishment (PE) is one of the most important issues in treaty-based international fiscal law; it is perhaps the single most important and dynamic one, too.

With openness in economies, globalisation and rapid development of e-commerce business models, there is a complete change in the way business is carried out throughout the world by multinational companies (MNE). Traditional ways of doing business have given way to modern and rather flexible ways of operating globally. Naturally, taxing rules need to keep up the pace at which businesses are evolving. It is extremely crucial that taxes are paid at …

The Dark Side Of Banning Hacking Technique Discussion, Qiu-Hong Wang, Ting Zhang Le

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Prior studies have evidenced the effectiveness of more severe and broader enforcement in deterringcybercrimes. This study addresses the other side of the story. Our data analysis shows that theenforcement against the production / distribution / possession of computer misuse tools tends toincrease the contribution on detection and protection related posts in online hacker forums. Butthis enforcement may discourage those contributors who had originally actively contributed to theprotection discussions. Thus government regulations have to be cautiously justify the incentives ofmultiple parties in the cybersecurity context.

Online Advertising, Retail Platform Openness, And Long Tail Sellers, Jianqing Chen, Zhiling Guo

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

It becomes increasingly popular that some large online retailers such as Amazon open their platforms to allow third-party retail competitors to sell on their own platforms. We develop an analytical model to examine this retailer market place model and its business impact. We assume that a leading retailer has both valuation advantage that may come from its reputation and information advantage that may come from its brand awarenewss. We find that the availability of relatively low-cost advertising through social media or search engine can effectively reduce the leading retailer's information advantage, and thus be an important driving force for its …

Charitable Fundraising: Gaining Donors' Trust On Online Platforms, Deserinas Sulaeman

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

Trust is crucial in the relationships between charitable fundraisers and potential donors. This study examines factors that can help fundraisers gain potential donors’ trust, which is crucial to the success of the campaigns. Examining charitable fundraising campaigns on an online platform, this study finds that trust issues can be mitigated by providing a campaign description that is more sophisticated, more informative, and with fewer errors. Additionally, setting a higher campaign funding goal tends to lead to a more successful campaign. These characteristics likely reflect a competent, committed, and passionate fundraiser. On the other hand, mere exposure to a wide set …

Neighborhood Segregation And Black Entrepreneurship, Eric Fesselmeyer, Kiat Ying Seah

Research Collection College of Integrative Studies

We examine the causal effect of neighborhood segregation on black entrepreneurship. We address neighborhood sorting by analyzing city averages and omitted variable bias by instrumenting for segregation using historical railroad configurations. We find that segregation has a significant positive effect: a 10 percentage point increase in the dissimilarity index decreases the racial gap by about 3.3 percentage points. To minimize the effect of cross-city sorting, we use a narrower sample constructed from outcomes of young adults and find a similar effect. Our findings are importantbecause historically, entrepreneurship has been an avenue out of poverty, and entrepreneurship has been promoted as …

A Study Of Innovating And Non-Innovating Firms’ Perception Of Environmental Dynamism And Innovation In A Mature Regulated Industry, Patrick Siong Kuan Tan

Dissertations and Theses Collection

Can large firms be innovative in an industry that is mature and regulated?”

Business managers in mature regulated industries, like new and unregulated industries, operate under very challenging conditions, albeit a bit different, and need to create competitive advantages. One potential route to do this is through innovations.

The strategic direction and choices which the firm takes and whether to innovate or not innovate are largely influenced by its environment. And, in mature regulated industries, large incumbents face a triple challenge. Its size, the maturity of the industry and regulations governing the industry are three conditions that are generally deemed …

Banking The Unbanked In The Philippines, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

The Ayala Group brought together two of its subsidiaries, Globe Telecom and Bank of the Philippines Island, to bring banking services to 80 percent of the country

Building Trust Through The Dynamics Of Emotions And Moods: A Conceptual Framework And Empirical Investigations On The Role Of Affect In Interpersonal Trust Development, Changhong Serena Lu

Dissertations and Theses Collection

In this dissertation, I strived to understand the role of individuals’ affect in the development processes of interpersonal trust within organizations. To achieve the goal, I conducted two studies, one conceptual framework and one empirical investigation. Trust scholars have long recognized the affective component of trust experience. However, previous theoretical arguments and empirical findings are not well integrated to provide a cohesive understanding on various dynamic roles that emotions and moods can play in the trust development. Recognizing that the trustor and trustee may face diverse relational problems at various stages of their trust relationship, I first suggested a Phase …

Crowdfunding: Financing Ventures In The Digital Era, Srinivas K. Reddy, Yee Heng Tan

Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School of Business

Over the past few years, digital platforms have emerged as a new way to disrupt industries. These platforms not only connect riders and drivers, like Uber, or hosts and guests, like Airbnb, but also ventures and funders. Crowdfunding platforms like Lendingclub or Kickstarter have gained widespread visibility and acceptance in recent years. Crowdfunding was virtually non-existent until 2010 but has been growing exponentially since 2010. In 2015, the volume rose to US$34.4 billion, slightly surpassing the venture capitalist industry and is expected to continue growing quickly.

Information Technology Prioritization, In Merger Integration: A Grounded Theory Approach, Sandesh Dayanand Raikar

Dissertations and Theses Collection

This exploratory study, examines the significance of Information Technology (IT) Prioritization during the due diligence phase, in a merger integration scenario. In a world where firms are becoming increasingly dependent on information systems and technology, IT continues to play a progressively significant role within organizations. There is growing literature, on the increasing importance of IT in the business environment. However, till date, neither has there been a study regarding the role and impact of IT prioritization and IT integration schedule on the overall synergy savings, nor is there a study on the relationship between IT prioritization and the achievement of …