Business Commons^™

Educational Trends And Income In El Paso: A Longitudinal Perspective, Christine Thurlow Brenner

IPED Technical Reports

Education is clearly linked to income as numerous studies have shown. In El Paso, this link underscores what can only be called a crisis. As the region’s education level has declined over the past few decades, income has followed in a parallel fashion. This study strongly points out this linkage over the past 50 years, suggesting that a number of issues related to the education pipeline need to be addressed broadly across the community.

Pakistan’S Development Challenge, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

Pakistan’s biggest development challenge to day is to reduce its debt burden in order to pursue a path that leads towards sustainable and equitable growth for poverty reduction. The main plank of the present government to meet this challenge is its Debt Burden Reduction Strategy popularly characterized as debt Exit Strategy. It is not the intention to stop borrowing but to borrow for productive purposes, use the loans judiciously, contact them at soft terms and reduce the overall burden of debt in relation to income. The idea behind this strategy is to reduce reliance on International Financial Institutions (IFIs) for …

Why Perceptions About Pakistani Economy Differ?, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

An extremely important question has been raised by several commentators and observers of Pakistan economy: Why is it that the external donors believe that Pakistani economy is doing well while the public and press in Pakistan think otherwise? This question needs to be analysed carefully and dispassionately in order to identify the factors responsible for such differing perceptions. I have dwelt on this subject earlier also but I thought I should deal with it at some length once again

Policy Analysis And Economic Impact Study Of Smoke-Free Indoor Air Ordinances In The Paso Del Norte Region, Dennis L. Soden, Steve A. Johnson

IPED Technical Reports

No abstract provided.

Emerging Trends In External Reserve Management, Nnadi C. Ben

Bullion

This paper tries to identify some of the main trends in central Banks reserve management in recent years. lt describes some significant changes, which have taken place, with regard to the objectives and investment policies of central banks, while pointing out some elements that could noticeably slow or even reverse the trends identified. The study reveals reserve management has continued to evolve broadly in the areas of securitisation, return maximization, use of derivates and performance measurement. Secondly, in response to the increasing volatility of financial variables, central banks have at the same time continued to place emphasis on liquidity constraints.

Housing Policy, Wealth Formation And The Singapore Economy, Sock-Yong Phang

Research Collection School Of Economics

This paper evaluates the contribution of housing policy in Singapore to financial sector development, housing wealth formation and macro-economic performance, both retrospectively and prospectively. It provides an overview of past housing policies and traces the linkages to the financial sector. Housing policy as effected through the Housing and Development Board and the Central Provident Fund (CPF) hampered the development of the commercial housing loans sector and domestic financial markets, but contributed to the overall growth and stability of the housing loans market and associated financial institutions. Housing policy and the trend of housing asset inflation contributed significantly to the formation …

The Role Of Modarabas In Pakistan’S Financial Sector, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

I am extremely pleased to be present here this afternoon to share my thoughts on the role of Modarabas in the financial system of Pakistan. As your association is in the process of soul searching let me add a few words of mine to this dialogue. I hope you will take my advice in good stride as constructive suggestions to strengthen and improve your sector. Modaraba has established itself as a well understood Shariah compliant instrument of financing in Pakistan. It has been practised for the last 20 years and we have gained a lot of experience in its operations …

Fuzzy Areas And Firm Boundaries, Pradeep Banerjee

IIMB Management Review

The manner in which firms function has been studied by academic economists for some time now. Adam Smith, the doyen of economists, incorporated his evaluation of producing units in his Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of Wealth of Nations (1776). The other famous economist, Alfred Marshal also studied the operation of the market and firms that functioned in it. Marshal is credited with having laid down an important part of the methodology of microeconomics, a branch of economics that takes up the study of firms as part of its routine.

Competition In Indian Industries : A Strategic Perspectiveedited By N. Ravichandran, New Delhi: Vikas Publications,1999., Smriti Johri, Sanjyot Pethe

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Private Sector Banks : Shaping Up, Amol Maheshwari, Shweta Jhajharia

IIMB Management Review

An important factor influencing the development of private banks was the presence in the early 90s of bothpublic sector banks (PSBs) andforeign banks, with their specificdisadvantages. While thePSBs were often wanting in their quality of service, the activities of foreign banks were (and still are) restricted by the government. Private banks thus cornered the niche where the service-demanding consumer was willing to pay a higher price. By developing a retail focus, they also ensured that their deposit base was firmly established and diversified enough, before they moved on to larger businesses.

Industry And Corporate Competitiveness : The Auto Parts Industry In China, Taiwan, South Korea, And India By L. Sridharan, New Delhi: Wheeler Publishing, 1999., L S Murty

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

M V Subbiah : Return To Roots, J Ramachandran

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Emerging Manufacturing Industry : A Financial Perspective, M S Narasimhan, L S Murty

IIMB Management Review

No abstract provided.

Economic Ties Between China And Pakistan, Ishrat Husain Dr.

Faculty Research - Talks, Speeches, & Discourse

Three decades ago, China was among the world’s poorest countries with 80 per cent of the population having incomes less than US $ 1 per day and only a third of all adults able to read or write. By 2000, China had become one of the fastest growing countries in the world with real per capita growth close to 9 per cent per annum between 1980-2000. Consequently, China’s per capita income doubled every ten years, faster than almost any country in the world. This record is un-paralleled in history. It took UK almost a century, USA 50 years and Korea …

Studies On The Formation Of Dna-Cationic Lipid Composite Films And Dna Hybridization In The Composites, Murali Sastry, Vidya Ramakrishnan, Mrunalini Pattarkine, Krishna N. Ganesh

Faculty Works

The formation of composite films of double-stranded DNA and cationic lipid molecules (octadecylamine, ODA) and the hybridization of complementary single-stranded DNA molecules in such composite films are demonstrated. The immobilization of DNA is accomplished by simple immersion of a thermally evaporated ODA film in the DNA solution at close to physiological pH. The entrapment of the DNA molecules in the cationic lipid film is dominated by attractive electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged phosphate backbone of the DNA molecules and the protonated amine molecules in the thermally evaporated film and has been quantified using quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM). Fluorescence studies …

Capital Access And Financial Services In El Paso, David A. Schauer, Dennis L. Soden

IPED Technical Reports

This study was undertaken in the spring of 2000 by the Public Policy Research Center at the University of Texas at El Paso on behalf of the El Paso Leadership and Research Council. Using input from a variety of business and community leaders over a two month period, the study was designed with the following overall objective: to assess the El Paso small business sector’s access to capital (debt, equity, and human/information) and the role of commercial banks in this process. To accomplish these objectives this study looked at multiple aspects of the current banking and lending situation in El …

How To Reduce Arrears In Microfinance Institutions, Norell, Dan Norell

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Reducing arrears is crucial if MFIs are to achieve selfsufficiency. MFI staff must understand the causes of arrears--whether from clients' testing the MFI's determination to collect, crises in clients' lives, loans that are too large, or loans given on the basis of favoritism. Analytical tools for assessing and preventing arrears include key measures for analyzing arrears (e.g., portfolio quality ratios and performance ratios by credit officer) and financial ratio tests for determining appropriate loan size. The key to reducing arrears is to follow up late loans quickly, form strong solidarity groups, update and enforce credit policies, focus credit officers' services …

Vol. 03 No. 1 Journal Of Microfinance, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

Coordination Failure In The Rural Credit Markets, Mishra, Atul Mishra

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This paper tries to explain the curious fact that while at the national level the rural sector saves more than what it invests in itself in India, at the micro level, credit constraint is reported to be the main binding constraint on the activities in the rural economy. The explanation lies in the phenomenon of coordination failure. The public sector rural banks mobilize huge amounts of savings, but because of low rates of interest and high default rates, they do not lend in equal measure. Indeed, in India the public sector rural banks mobilize as savings three times the amount …

India's Regional Rural Banks: The Institutional Dimension Of Reforms, Nitin Bhatt, Y. S. P. Thorat

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Efforts to reform India's failing Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) have had limited impact, because reformers have paid little attention to the institutional dimensions of the problems facing the banks. Few efforts were made to redesign the perverse institutional arrangements that gave rise to incompatible incentive structures for key stakeholders, such as political leaders, policy makers, stockholders, bank staff, and clients. We recommend that the next leg of reforms focus on aligning the incentives of these stakeholders by giving greater importance to the RRBs' internal organizational contexts and larger policy environments.

Assessing The Need For Microenterprises In Mexico To Borrow Start-Up Capital, Heikki Heino, Jose A. Pagan

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Mexico's microenterprises employ about 20 percent of the working age population in the country, and the number of microenterprises has increased substantially over the last decade. Given the role these small business units play in employment and wealth creation, it is important to understand the profile of firms that resort to outside start-up capital to finance their operations. Using microdata from Mexico's National Survey of Microenterprises (Encuesta Nacional de Micronegocios, ENAMIN), we analyze the socioeconomic factors related to the need for outside start-up capital. The findings show that a relatively small number of socioeconomic factors such as the background of …

Front Matter, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

Performance Measures For Microenterprise In The United States, Karen Doyle, Jerry Black

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

Microenterprise, while currently serving a small number of America's poor, is often the only option--other than receiving welfare--for a variety of individuals to improve their standard of living or quality of life. MicroTest, a project of the Aspen Institute, was created to improve the value of microenterprise services and the stability of microenterprise organizations over time by perfecting and promoting the use of measures to regularly assess performance. This article proposes a performance measurement framework for U.S. microenterprise development programs. The following key categories of outputs and outcomes can be used to assess the performance of microenterprise development providers: Reaching …

Book Review- Microfinance: Conversations With The Experts Edited By Charles Oberdorf, Matthew Wood

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

From The Editor, Journal Of Microfinance

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

No abstract provided.

Microfinance Myopia: Lessons From The Mainstream, Kim Wilson

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

This essay attempts to remove the shades that blind the microfinance sector to the value of its customers and what its customers truly value. It proposes that the social agenda and financial health of microfinance institutions would be far more sound if we understood who our customers are, why they leave, what they really want, and the real business we are all in.

Client Information Sharing In Bolivia, Campion, Anita Campion

Journal of Microfinance / ESR Review

As the microfinance industry becomes more competitive, microfinance institutions (MFIs) increasingly seek access to credit bureaus and credit information agencies. The growing number of microfinance providers in the market results in borrowers having more access to loans, which can lead to client overindebtedness and default. By sharing client information with each other and by using credit bureau information on client history and indebtedness, MFIs facing competition can reduce their credit risk and avoid unnecessary losses. While the growing interest in credit bureaus for microfinance is global, to date, few countries have credit unions and even fewer include microfinance clients in …

An Investigation Of The Association Between Auditor Switching And Negative Information, Michael Morris Grayson

Doctoral Dissertations

This study investigates the premise that certain types of negative information are associated with auditor switches. A data set of 305 auditor switches from 1976 to 1994, extracted from the Compustat data base (limited subscription), was analyzed using tests of proportions and nonparametric sign tests. The data set consists of negative information extracted from the switching companies' income statements (i.e., net losses or extraordinary items) or calculated from the items extracted (i.e., net income adjusted to reverse the effect of extraordinary items).

The initial results, based on tests which assumed random movement of net income, did not support the notion …

Two Essays On Exchange -Traded Funds, Natalya Vladimir Delcoure

Doctoral Dissertations

The purpose of this study is twofold. The first objective is to conduct an empirical inquiry into the diversification benefits of exchange-traded funds. The second objective is to examine whether exchange-traded funds exhibit superior performance compared to their rival closed-end country fund and traditional index mutual fund. I document that American investors manifest their preference for WEBS as a substitute for closed-end country funds. While I find that WEBS satisfy their objective of following their home indexes better than their rival closed-end country fund, the two-factor model I employ indicates that, despite some diversification benefits, WEBS also maintain certain risk …

Going Places : Atm Services In India, Sanjiv Kumar Bhatia

IIMB Management Review

Post-liberalisation banking sector reforms brought in a new era of competition, forcing banks to look for different ways of competing. ATM (automated teller machine) services helped banks increase their reach and improve customer responsiveness and also provided them with opportunities to open new streams of revenues. However, regulatory bindings, such as the control on the number of ATMs that can be deployed by the public sector banks, and tariff issues like high custom duty on ATM hardware, made this option unviable and constrained the growth of ATMs in the country in last decade.