Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Spanish Literature (17)
- Latin American Languages and Societies (15)
- Education (14)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (13)
- Linguistics (11)
-
- Bilingual, Multilingual, and Multicultural Education (9)
- Language and Literacy Education (9)
- Feminist, Gender, and Sexuality Studies (7)
- Modern Languages (7)
- European Languages and Societies (5)
- Latin American Literature (5)
- Applied Linguistics (4)
- Classics (4)
- Comparative Literature (4)
- Curriculum and Instruction (4)
- Discourse and Text Linguistics (4)
- East Asian Languages and Societies (4)
- Film and Media Studies (4)
- First and Second Language Acquisition (4)
- French and Francophone Language and Literature (4)
- German Language and Literature (4)
- Anthropological Linguistics and Sociolinguistics (3)
- Anthropology (3)
- Chinese Studies (3)
- Communication (3)
- Curriculum and Social Inquiry (3)
- Japanese Studies (3)
- Institution
-
- Texas A&M University-San Antonio (12)
- University of New Mexico (12)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (8)
- Georgia Southern University (4)
- Cleveland State University (3)
-
- Bellarmine University (1)
- California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo (1)
- Claremont Colleges (1)
- College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University (1)
- University of Kentucky (1)
- University of South Carolina (1)
- University of Tennessee, Knoxville (1)
- University of Texas at El Paso (1)
- Western Michigan University (1)
- Keyword
-
- Spanish (3)
- Análisis del discurso (2)
- Bilingualism (2)
- Bilingüismo (2)
- Code-switching (2)
-
- Culture (2)
- Discourse analysis (2)
- Discourse markers (2)
- Escritura académica (2)
- Géneros discursivos (2)
- Identity (2)
- Language ideologies (2)
- Linguistics (2)
- Peru (2)
- Poetry (2)
- 2sg preterit forms (1)
- Abstract (1)
- Academic and professional writing. médico (1)
- Academic writing (1)
- Adjective ordering preferences (1)
- Adjectives (1)
- Advanced Grammar (1)
- Afro-caribeño (1)
- Afro-hispano (1)
- Al-Andalus (1)
- Alternancia de códigos (1)
- Amazonian Spanish (1)
- Arabic (1)
- Argumentation (1)
- Art-based Pedagogy (1)
- Publication
-
- 11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived) (12)
- Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística (11)
- Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects (3)
- International Journal of the Linguistic Association of the Southwest (3)
- Publications and Research (3)
-
- The Coastal Review (3)
- Dissertations (1)
- Humanities (1)
- Obsculta (1)
- Open Educational Resources (1)
- Scripps Senior Theses (1)
- Senior Theses (1)
- South East Coastal Conference on Languages & Literatures (SECCLL) (1)
- Spanish and Portuguese ETDs (1)
- Theses and Dissertations (1)
- Theses and Dissertations--Hispanic Studies (1)
- Undergraduate Theses (1)
- Vernacular: New Connections in Language, Literature, & Culture (1)
- World Languages and Cultures (1)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 1 - 30 of 48
Full-Text Articles in Spanish Linguistics
Translating A Culture: How Subtitles In Popular Tv Shows Friends And La Que Se Avecina (The One That Looms) Maintain National Culture Within Translations, Abigail Lamkin
Undergraduate Theses
This study aims to determine the best ways for comedy-based TV shows to be translated so their cultural significance can be maintained while also becoming a piece of media that is enjoyed across linguistic barriers. Data was gathered from the TV shows Friends and La que se avecina and analyzed through comparison with one another. Analysis reveals both shows use unique techniques as a result of the specific challenges subtitle translators faced for the shows, but in general, focusing on one aspect of the translation over another would prevent the audience from enjoying the show. Friends's translations rely on …
Caracterización Lingüístico-Discursiva De Los Mecanismos De Despersonalización Y Posicionamiento Del Autor En El Género Médico Ficha Clínica, David Sanchez-Jimenez, Paulina Meza
Caracterización Lingüístico-Discursiva De Los Mecanismos De Despersonalización Y Posicionamiento Del Autor En El Género Médico Ficha Clínica, David Sanchez-Jimenez, Paulina Meza
Publications and Research
El dominio de géneros especializados es una competencia que representa gran dificultad para los estudiantes en formación. Su falta de dominio puede impedir o retrasar el proceso de enculturación de un individuo en una comunidad. Para formar adecuadamente a los estudiantes en las prácticas discursivas disciplinares, son necesarios datos empíricos sobre las características lingüístico-discursivas de los textos que deben producir. El objetivo de esta investigación cualitativa es describir los recursos lingüístico-discursivos de despersonalización y posicionamiento del autor en el género médico Ficha clínica. El corpus está constituido por 52 Fichas clínicas producidas por estudiantes de medicina de una universidad chilena. …
Féminas Speaking Up: Three Papers On Feminine Transgender Identities, Gender Identity Activism, And Language Reform In Lima, Peru, Ernesto Cuba
Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects
In this three-paper dissertation, I explore the linguistic and discursive practices of Féminas, a leading transgender rights activist organization based in Lima, Peru. Building on scholarship on language ideologies (Irvine & Gal, 2000), queer linguistics (Motschenbacher, 2011), and socio-onomastics (Ainiala & Östman, 2017), I analyze the role that language beliefs and language-in-use plays in performing local (trans)gender identities and shaping grassroots politics within this specific community of practice (Eckert & McConnell-Ginet, 1992). Based on an extensive corpus of semi-structured interviews and ethnographic material gathered during my long-term investigation with Féminas, I present three studies exploring distinct –though related– ideologically-driven sociolinguistic …
Una Casa Para Una: Construyendo Identidades Políticas Y Bilingüismo En A House Of My Own: Stories From My Life De Sandra Cisneros, Vanessa M. Lent
Una Casa Para Una: Construyendo Identidades Políticas Y Bilingüismo En A House Of My Own: Stories From My Life De Sandra Cisneros, Vanessa M. Lent
Vernacular: New Connections in Language, Literature, & Culture
Este trabajo examina la construcción de la identidad política bilingüe y feminista en la obra autobiográfica de Sandra Cisneros, A House of My Own: Stories from My Life (2016). Cisneros, una autora chicana, explora las intersecciones de identidades como mujer y latina en los Estados Unidos, utilizando el bilingüismo como una herramienta para representar el espacio cultural intersticial que ocupa. Se analiza el uso del español en la obra, destacando cómo las inclusiones sirven para construir esa representación del espacio intersticial y enfatizar las diferentes perspectivas e identidades asociadas con el conocimiento de idiomas distintos.
El estudio se centra en …
Overregularization Of Irregular Spanish Verbal Morphology: The Cases Of 2sg Preterit And Irregular Past Participles, Elisabeth Baker Martínez
Overregularization Of Irregular Spanish Verbal Morphology: The Cases Of 2sg Preterit And Irregular Past Participles, Elisabeth Baker Martínez
Spanish and Portuguese ETDs
This dissertation investigates a widely observed phenomenon in child language acquisition: overregularization, which occurs when a child applies a regular linguistic pattern where an irregular form is expected (Bybee, 2015), for example, when a child overregularizes irregular 1sg Spanish sé ‘I know’ as sabo. This dissertation adds to the research on the overregularization of Spanish verbal morphology. The population of focus is Spanish-speaking children ranging from the ages of 1;10 – 12;4 with different language backgrounds (e.g., monolingual Spanish children, U.S. child heritage speakers). The studies included address the development of two Spanish morphological forms by focusing on children’s …
Prólogo - Para Un Hispanismo Sin Fronteras (Los Editores, Pp. 6-9), Jorge A. Hernández Jr., Alessio Piras
Prólogo - Para Un Hispanismo Sin Fronteras (Los Editores, Pp. 6-9), Jorge A. Hernández Jr., Alessio Piras
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
No abstract provided.
Número Completo
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
No abstract provided.
The Second Rebellion Of Satan: The Beautiful Raw Power Of The She-Other. An Interview With Violet Castro (Mario Morera, Pp. 16-19), Mario Morera
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
The idea of this interview was, in fact, born from the participation of Violet Castro in the anthology Inferno (The Infernal Clock, 2020.) Such text presents a series of short stories representing each of the nine circles of hell in Dante’s Divine Comedy. Her short story At the bottom of my lake of blood, inspired by circle number six, suggests to accompany its reading with the 1990’s song Seasons in the abyss, by the californian trash metal band Slayer. A particular daring trait in this short story is the fact that Satan is portrayed as woman. This interview took place …
Diáspora, Diversidad Y Política Lingüística: El Spanglish Como Ícono De La Vibrante Identidad Puertorriqueña (Piero Visconte Y Mariana Escalona, Pp. 46-67), Piero Visconte, Mariana Escalona
Diáspora, Diversidad Y Política Lingüística: El Spanglish Como Ícono De La Vibrante Identidad Puertorriqueña (Piero Visconte Y Mariana Escalona, Pp. 46-67), Piero Visconte, Mariana Escalona
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
“I think in spanish, i write in english” [sic] es un extracto de “graduation speech”, escrito por Tato Laviera en su colección de poemas “La carreta made a U-turn” (Laviera 1979), el cual refleja la vibrante identidad de la diáspora puertorriqueña en los Estados Unidos, capaz de mantener conectados dos lugares con herencias muy diferentes. Este estudio analiza la situación de Puerto Rico, colonia española por más de 400 años y, a partir de 1898, convertida en posesión de los Estados Unidos a raíz de la Guerra Hispanoamericana. Con su invasión, los Estados Unidos prometieron “libertad, prosperidad y ventajas” a …
Cuentos (Pp. 82-89), Carmen Julia Holguín Chaparro, Fredy Mendieta, Carmella Scorcia Pacheco
Cuentos (Pp. 82-89), Carmen Julia Holguín Chaparro, Fredy Mendieta, Carmella Scorcia Pacheco
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
No abstract provided.
Reseñas (Pp. 105 -116), Alessio Piras, Laura Cruz, Laura Torre, Natalie Rovello
Reseñas (Pp. 105 -116), Alessio Piras, Laura Cruz, Laura Torre, Natalie Rovello
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
No abstract provided.
Créditos (Pp. 117-121)
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
No abstract provided.
An Interview With Santiago Vaquera-Vásquez, An Unrepentant Border Crosser (Jorge A. Hernández Jr. Y Alonso Arana, Pp. 11-15), Jorge A. Hernández Jr., Alonso Arana
An Interview With Santiago Vaquera-Vásquez, An Unrepentant Border Crosser (Jorge A. Hernández Jr. Y Alonso Arana, Pp. 11-15), Jorge A. Hernández Jr., Alonso Arana
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
Having a conversation with Santiago Vaquera-Vásquez, professor and Chair of the Department of Spanish and Portuguese at the University of New Mexico, is like sitting down at your family table and sharing a deep conversation about the best tacos in town, experiences about crossing the U.S.-Mexico border, traveling across the globe, and everything in between. This interview was born out of our long-time relationship as students of his and out of personal and shared connections, reflections, and conversations regarding the U.S.-Mexico borderlands, la frontera, and northern Mexico. In this interview, he talks about his upbringing, influences within his creative and …
“So, Like… Tú Sabes”: An Approach To Bilingual Discourse Markers In Puerto Rican Spanish Oral Interaction (Piero Visconte, Pp. 21-45), Piero Visconte
“So, Like… Tú Sabes”: An Approach To Bilingual Discourse Markers In Puerto Rican Spanish Oral Interaction (Piero Visconte, Pp. 21-45), Piero Visconte
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
This paper examines discourse markers (DMs) (i.e., pues, entonces, you know, so, I mean, etc.) and their linguistic variations in contexts of English-Spanish interaction in Puerto Rico. This linguistic category represents an aspect of discourse analysis that has captivated great interest in recent years, since its “main function is to connect utterances to each other and to the larger context” (Crible and Blackwell 2020: 24). As shown in several sociolinguistic research articles conducted in the Puerto Rican diaspora of New York City in the last twenty years (Torres 1997, 2002; Lipski 2005), the profound and protracted contact between Spanish and …
La Alternancia De Códigos En El Habla De Los Beisbolistas Hispano- Hablantes: Un Análisis Lingüístico (Sarah Walker, Pp. 68-81), Sarah Walker
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
El fenómeno de la alternancia de códigos resulta del contacto entre lenguas y, de esta manera, se puede afectar a millones de personas y llevar una variedad casi infinita. Según Myers-Scotton (2017), la alternancia de códigos es la producción de discursos que contienen morfemas de múltiples variedades o lenguas. Puede tomar la forma interoracional o intraoracional, y sigue su propio conjunto de reglas (Myers-Scotton, 2017). El presente trabajo intenta explorar y describir el fenómeno de la alternancia de códigos en relación con el deporte del béisbol desde una perspectiva semántica, sintáctica y sociolingüística. Dado que la literatura ya incluye información …
Poemas (Pp. 90-104), Ángela Escobar Clarimonda, Julián Jiménez Arellano, Juan Carlos Ureña
Poemas (Pp. 90-104), Ángela Escobar Clarimonda, Julián Jiménez Arellano, Juan Carlos Ureña
Intersecciones Hispánicas: Revista de Cultura, Literatura y Lingüística
No abstract provided.
2024 Conference Program, Georgia Southern University
2024 Conference Program, Georgia Southern University
South East Coastal Conference on Languages & Literatures (SECCLL)
2024 Conference Program
El Nacimiento Del Rock En Español: ¿Cómo Fue Que Este Género De Música Latina Tuvo Éxito?, Alejandro V. Martinez
El Nacimiento Del Rock En Español: ¿Cómo Fue Que Este Género De Música Latina Tuvo Éxito?, Alejandro V. Martinez
World Languages and Cultures
This paper titled El nacimiento del rock en español: ¿Cómo fue que este género de música latina tuvo éxito? will cover information regarding the Spanish rock movement. This essay compares what is written in this paper to that of prior scholars to show that although they do bring valid points, there is a lot more than many of us realize. There are various articles and reports written about the movement, but many do not explain the creation of the movement, let alone its survival in the music industry as a new genre that some had never heard of or had …
The Arabic Influence On The Spanish Language: Sociocultural Mechanisms Of Language Change Under Islamic Rule In The Iberian Peninsula, Reagan Borland
The Arabic Influence On The Spanish Language: Sociocultural Mechanisms Of Language Change Under Islamic Rule In The Iberian Peninsula, Reagan Borland
Senior Theses
After Latin, which makes up about 75-80% of the Spanish lexicon (Comparán Rizo, 2006, p. 17), Arabic is the most important linguistic contributor to the branch of Romance languages that would come to be known as Spanish or Castellano (Castilian), surpassing Germanic influence and that of other contributors such as French and Celtic languages. The broad range of Arabisms found in Spanish can be attributed to certain cultural and social changes that took place under Arab-Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula between 711 and 1492 and during the period following the so-called “Reconquista” of Spain by the Christian kingdoms to …
Identity And Alterity In A Comedy Series From Santa Cruz, Bolivia, During The Presidency Of Evo Morales, Anita L. Zandstra,
Identity And Alterity In A Comedy Series From Santa Cruz, Bolivia, During The Presidency Of Evo Morales, Anita L. Zandstra,
Dissertations
This dissertation explores the construction of social identity and social difference in and through Neo/Los Mismos, a Bolivian comedy series produced during the presidency of Evo Morales (2006-2019), the country’s first president to claim an Indigenous identity. These years were characterized by profound divisions between the Bolivian highlands, home to Morales’s base of support, and the opposition based in the lowlands department of Santa Cruz. This qualitative study takes an interdisciplinary approach to social identity and social difference during the Morales era, drawing on concepts from linguistic anthropology, literary criticism, and humor studies, and tracing connections between Neo/Los Mismos and …
La Voz Del Autor En El Discurso Médico Y Sus Implicaciones En Ele, David Sanchez-Jimenez
La Voz Del Autor En El Discurso Médico Y Sus Implicaciones En Ele, David Sanchez-Jimenez
Publications and Research
La demanda de profesionales de la salud que pueden prestar atención lingüísticamente concordante al paciente en contextos multilingües explica el aumento de los cursos de español médico en el currículo de pregrado y posgrado en instituciones universitarias de Estados Unidos en las últimas décadas. El aprendizaje de los estudiantes matriculados en estos cursos requiere el conocimiento de las características retórico-discursivas propias de los principales géneros discursivos que estudian durante su carrera para fines específicos en el campo de la salud los alumnos universitarios de español, cuyo fin último será el de replicarlos eficazmente en su práctica profesional. Por ello, en …
Speaker Investment And Oral Proficiency In Heritage Speakers Of Spanish: A Quantitative Approach, Megan Marshall
Speaker Investment And Oral Proficiency In Heritage Speakers Of Spanish: A Quantitative Approach, Megan Marshall
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
Title: Speaker investment and oral proficiency in heritage speakers of Spanish: a quantitative approach
Keywords: Investment, Heritage, Identity, Oral Proficiency
The concept of investment has been used to expand the understanding of language learning beyond the acquisition of language competence, grammar, pronunciation, etc. to also consider how the speaker/learner is socially positioned to navigate social contexts and the impacts this has on their opportunities for language learning and use (Norton-Pierce, 1995; Norton & Toohey, 2011). Darvin & Norton, 2015 further develop this work by proposing a trio of components that contribute to speaker investment- (1)speaker identity, (2)linguistic ideologies and (3)social …
Proficiency Assessment In Bilingualism Research: How Valid Are Our Measures?, Sara Saez-Fajardo, Melissa A. Bowles
Proficiency Assessment In Bilingualism Research: How Valid Are Our Measures?, Sara Saez-Fajardo, Melissa A. Bowles
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
Many Spanish HL acquisition studies have used proficiency assessments developed for L2 learners to meet investigation standards. However, few researchers present any validity evidence of these instruments’ appropriateness for HL learners. In this presentation, I inspect the validity evidence of one of the most popular proficiency tests: the DELE test.
The Gen Z Heritage Learner: Redefining The Shl Program For A Post-Pandemic Generation, Alejandro Acero Ayuda
The Gen Z Heritage Learner: Redefining The Shl Program For A Post-Pandemic Generation, Alejandro Acero Ayuda
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
The purpose of this presentation is to reflect on some of the perspectives, beliefs and policies that lie behind the definition, understanding and framework of ‘success’ (Beaudrie, 2020) according to the Spanish Heritage Language (SHL) programs, and the design on which these programs rely to develop their curricular foundation for the upcoming generation of heritage learners.
How ‘success’ materializes depends on what is the specific profile of Heritage Language Speaker (HLS) used as reference according to each SHL program’s perspective (Carreira, 2012). The larger vision upheld on what is the SHL Education specific purpose, deeply influences the theories and perspectives …
Actitudes En Pro Y En Contra Sobre El Uso Del Lenguaje Inclusivo Y Su Enseñanza En El Salón De Clases De Shl., Brisa Del Bosque, Mica Boh
Actitudes En Pro Y En Contra Sobre El Uso Del Lenguaje Inclusivo Y Su Enseñanza En El Salón De Clases De Shl., Brisa Del Bosque, Mica Boh
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
Con esta investigación, buscamos predecir si la enseñanza del lenguaje inclusivo en español en los salones de clase de español como SHL y como L2, provocará que su uso continúe en la lengua española o pase como una moda efímera.
Encuestamos a 75 instructores de Español K-12 en los Estados Unidos, que compartieron sus opiniones sobre la enseñanza y el uso del lenguaje inclusivo. La mayor parte de los instructores que respondieron nuestra encuesta, han enseñado a estudiantes de SHL y L2.
Como instructores de español, se puede ignorar la propuesta del lenguaje inclusivo y seguir enseñando de la forma …
Spanish As A Heritage Language In Ñuu Savi Children In Rural Northwest Oregon: Identity, Attitudes, Usage Domains, And Maintenance, Carlos Enrique Ibarra
Spanish As A Heritage Language In Ñuu Savi Children In Rural Northwest Oregon: Identity, Attitudes, Usage Domains, And Maintenance, Carlos Enrique Ibarra
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
Spanish as a heritage language in Ñuu Savi children in rural northwest Oregon: Identity, attitudes, usage domains, and maintenance
Immigrants from Mexico and the rest of Latin America in the US who are monolingual in an indigenous language face challenges that have received some attention from scholars (Geyman et al., 2012) and in the popular press (Cengel 2013; DeCoursey 2015; Fox & Rivera-Salgado 2005 among many others) in the last 15 years. To date, little to no research exists on who the heritage speakers (TRI) of Spanish in rural Oregon with parents (OMS) who speak a Mexican Indigenous language are. …
¿Es Bienvenido El Uso De “Haiga” En Clases De Shl? Reacciones Y Experiencias En Clases De Herencia En Los Estados Unidos, Brisa Del Bosque
¿Es Bienvenido El Uso De “Haiga” En Clases De Shl? Reacciones Y Experiencias En Clases De Herencia En Los Estados Unidos, Brisa Del Bosque
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
En esta investigación cualitativa, he entrevistado a 5 instructores de SHL y a 5 padres/madres de familia con estudiantes de herencia en grados K-12, para escuchar sus opiniones sobre el uso del “haiga” en el salón de clases SHL en los Estados Unidos y en los hogares de hablantes de español como lengua de herencia.
Algunos de los temas y preguntas durante las entrevistas fueron:
¿Cómo se enseña el uso de “haiga”?
¿Se debe enseñar?
¿Se promueve su uso?
¿Lo usas en casa o en tus clases?
¿Se debe corregir?
¿Cuál es la diferencia entre haiga y haya?
El corregir …
“I Want To Help End Linguistic Discrimination”: Community-Based Global Learning In An Upper-Level Spanish Class, Jessica Cox
“I Want To Help End Linguistic Discrimination”: Community-Based Global Learning In An Upper-Level Spanish Class, Jessica Cox
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
Community-based global learning (CBGL) can be a high-impact practice for heritage learners by promoting students’ awareness of linguistic ideologies in local and global communities. This presentation will share the aims and structure of a CBGL program and assessment of that program, with a focus on learners’ critical language awareness.
“Su Español Es Incorrecto”: Challenging Spanish Teachers’ And Students’ Linguistic Beliefs Through Cla In A Dialectology Course, Silvia Perez-Cortes
“Su Español Es Incorrecto”: Challenging Spanish Teachers’ And Students’ Linguistic Beliefs Through Cla In A Dialectology Course, Silvia Perez-Cortes
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
With the number of Spanish heritage classes and bilingual students being on the rise (Beaudrie, Amezcua & Loza, 2021), there is a pressing need to incorporate pedagogical practices that foster inclusivity and challenge dominant language ideologies (Holguín-Mendoza, 2018; Leeman, 2012; Lacorte & Magro, 2021; inter alia). This necessity is particularly dire at the K-12 level, where teachers oftentimes lack the training to deconstruct their own –as well as their students’– linguistic beliefs to offer a more socially-conscious instruction (Hudgens-Henderson & Hackman, 2021).
Following the work of Beaudrie et al. (2021) and Wilson & Marcin (2022), this study examines …
Emotional Attachment Through Language: Evidence From Heritage Speakers Of Spanish In Wisconsin, Maria Yakushkina
Emotional Attachment Through Language: Evidence From Heritage Speakers Of Spanish In Wisconsin, Maria Yakushkina
11th National Symposium on Spanish as a Heritage Language (Archived)
No abstract provided.