Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Discipline
-
- Missions and World Christianity (18)
- Social and Behavioral Sciences (6)
- Education (5)
- Christianity (4)
- Leadership Studies (4)
-
- Biblical Studies (2)
- Family, Life Course, and Society (2)
- Liturgy and Worship (2)
- Sociology (2)
- Adult and Continuing Education (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Comparative Methodologies and Theories (1)
- Curriculum and Instruction (1)
- Domestic and Intimate Partner Violence (1)
- Early Childhood Education (1)
- Educational Administration and Supervision (1)
- Higher Education Administration (1)
- Hindu Studies (1)
- History of Christianity (1)
- Instructional Media Design (1)
- Islamic Studies (1)
- Online and Distance Education (1)
- Student Counseling and Personnel Services (1)
- Institution
- Keyword
-
- Seventh-day Adventist (432)
- Evangelism (62)
- Training (57)
- Seventh-day Adventists (49)
- Discipleship (32)
-
- Preaching (32)
- Youth (29)
- Ministry (28)
- Leadership (27)
- Pastors (26)
- Strategy (26)
- Church Growth (23)
- Laity (23)
- Church (22)
- Clergy (18)
- Kenya (18)
- Hispanic (17)
- Brazil (16)
- California (16)
- Retention (16)
- Mentoring (14)
- Worship (14)
- Adventist (13)
- Calif.) (13)
- Florida (13)
- Marriage (13)
- Spirituality (13)
- Conflict (12)
- Small Groups (12)
- Ghana (11)
- Publication Year
Articles 331 - 360 of 645
Full-Text Articles in Practical Theology
Transforming West Zambia Field Of Seventh-Day Adventists To Conference Status: A Case Study, Passmore Hachalinga
Transforming West Zambia Field Of Seventh-Day Adventists To Conference Status: A Case Study, Passmore Hachalinga
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The Seventh-day Adventist Church in the Southern Africa-lndian Ocean Division (SID) experiences annua] baptized membership growth of 5-7 percent. This membership growth rate however has not resulted in church organizational self- support. Efforts implemented by the SID administration to bring local fields to the required level of self-support, or conference status, in a timely manner failed to yield expected results during the 2005-2010 periods. This study project seeks to address this challenge by conducting a case study of West Zambia Field of Seventh-day Adventists.
Method
An assessment was conducted in the West Zambia Field of Sev enth-day Adventists using …
Developing Relational Communities: An Evangelistic Approach To Non-Adventist Students At Solusi University, Herbert Ndlovu
Developing Relational Communities: An Evangelistic Approach To Non-Adventist Students At Solusi University, Herbert Ndlovu
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The purpose of this study was to determine how healthy relational communities contribute to membership growth and the retention of non-Adventist students at Solusi University. Some of the effects of current public evangelistic approaches and the loss of community spirit were studied. The challenge of nurturing a community of meaning and relationship at Solusi was also explored.
Method
A self-reported questionnaire was completed by both Adventist and non- Adventist students. In order to verify the results of the self-reported questionnaire, interviews were conducted with the church leadership, 10 church members, and 20 second and third year students.
Results
Analysis …
The Historical Reflection Of The Integration Of The Minority Groups Within The Adventist Church In Zimbabwe Between 1985 And 1994, Jonathan Tapera Nzuma
The Historical Reflection Of The Integration Of The Minority Groups Within The Adventist Church In Zimbabwe Between 1985 And 1994, Jonathan Tapera Nzuma
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The integration of minority groups into the mainstream of the Seventh-day Adventist Church in Zimbabwe has been resisted. In the power struggle that ensued, rooted in complex issues of multi-ethnicity and multiculturalism, the church has gone through a schism. Little reflective thought has been given to how this schism may have been avoided and how to address similar issues in the future, as well as seeking to embrace wounded members back into the larger Adventist Church.
The Method
A theological foundation was laid for this project by examining the biblical doctrine of unity in diversity as portrayed in both …
The Role Of The Pastor In A Multi-Church District In East Zimbabwe Conference Of Seventh-Day Adventists, Robert Muzira
The Role Of The Pastor In A Multi-Church District In East Zimbabwe Conference Of Seventh-Day Adventists, Robert Muzira
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Some Seventh-day Adventist Church members in Chiremba West District, Harare, East Zimbabwe Conference, complained that 1, the district pastor, was not ministering to them effectively. The district has a total of seven organized churches and a membership of 5.135 (E.Z.C. Church Membership Record Book, 2008). Despite the high membership, members' expectations are that I attend all family or church programs. The purpose of the project was to discover the professional role for the pastor in a multi-church district, and also to uncover the expectations that church members have of their pastor in a multi-church district. Defining those expectations enables …
Motivating And Training The Laity To Increase Their Involvement In Ministry In The Ouaga-Center Adventist Church In Burkina Faso, Boubakar Sanou
Motivating And Training The Laity To Increase Their Involvement In Ministry In The Ouaga-Center Adventist Church In Burkina Faso, Boubakar Sanou
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem.
In many Christian religious circles, the subject of clergy and laity has received much attention because of a sharp distinction between them. In Africa, the laypeople are expected to give allegiance to the clergy and also to depend on them for spiritual guidance and help. Although the New Testament teaches the concepts of the priesthood of all believers (1 Pet 2:5, 9-10) and the priestly ministry of the church as the function of the total church membership, there is still a persistent tendency to create a dichotomy between clergy and laity. This practice clearly shows two classes of believers: …
Developing Spiritual Formation And Mission Awareness In The Hill Portuguese Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dilson M. Bezerra
Developing Spiritual Formation And Mission Awareness In The Hill Portuguese Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Johannesburg, South Africa, Dilson M. Bezerra
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Between 1992 and 2007, the attendance of the Hill Portuguese Seventh-day Adventist Church has declined from 200 to 60 members and the church completely lost its sense of mission. This downturn requires investigation and study in order to reverse the situation. The project is an implementation of a program to revive the church in fellowship with God, and in action within the community. Further, Portuguese immigrant members display a tendency towards liberalism when removed from their native culture.
Method
An informal survey was created and administered to the church members in order to discover why membership had been declining …
Recruiting And Equipping Postmodern Immigrant Youth Preachers In Emmaus, Christian Fellowship, And Community Tabernacle Seventh-Day Adventist Churches, Anthony L. Usher
Recruiting And Equipping Postmodern Immigrant Youth Preachers In Emmaus, Christian Fellowship, And Community Tabernacle Seventh-Day Adventist Churches, Anthony L. Usher
Doctor of Ministry Projects
After spending over six years at Emmaus SDA church, on January 1, 2004, the author was assigned to Christian Fellowship SDA Church and Community Tabernacle Mission. He observed that the fierce shifting winds of postmodernism have fueled the retardation of youth evangelism. If the trajectory of this dreaded trend goes unchecked, youth preaching in these churches will spiral downward into the obscure corridors of oblivion. A relevant profile, as well as a specific demographic composition of all three congregations, enhanced the development of an empowering argument that potentially could reverse the momentum of this encroaching tide back to God’s side. …
An Investigation Of Mentoring Preference Of Employees At The Adventist Information Ministry And Implications For Empowerment, Christopher Vernon Fritz
An Investigation Of Mentoring Preference Of Employees At The Adventist Information Ministry And Implications For Empowerment, Christopher Vernon Fritz
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Customer Service Representatives at the Adventist Information Ministry (AIM), the call center for the North American Division of Seventh-day Adventist Church media ministries on the campus of Andrews University in Michigan, have a passion for ministry but lack mentoring models to make their ministry effective. There is a great need to understand mentoring models operational at AIM and to develop a master plan for mentoring and empowering employees at Adventist Information Ministry.
Method
The purpose of this study was to discover the mentoring styles preferred by employees within the Seventh-day Adventist community of faith working at Adventist Information Ministry …
Encouraging Hispanic Fathers To Become More Effectively Involved In Their Children's Lives, Enoch Aguilar
Encouraging Hispanic Fathers To Become More Effectively Involved In Their Children's Lives, Enoch Aguilar
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
When Hispanic people immigrate to the United States, they come with their own traditions, ideas, and values. Many of these values and teachings are different from North American values, however, each system strives to achieve similar goals in forming functional families. Many of these values conflict with traditional North American values. This natural conflict can make the transition from their native countries to the United States difficult, especially when analyzing the different ways each country’s government intervenes on behalf of children. If parents are unable to modify the social norms of their native country to allow the child to …
Curso Introductorio Para La Educación Integral De Maestros Y Funcionarios De La Universidad Adventista De Colombia, Gamaliel Florez
Curso Introductorio Para La Educación Integral De Maestros Y Funcionarios De La Universidad Adventista De Colombia, Gamaliel Florez
Doctor of Ministry Projects
The Colombia Adventist University, UNAC, is an institution of higher education that belongs to the Seventh-Day Adventist Church. The philosophy of the institution comes from both the Bible and the writings of Ellen White, cofounder and ideologist of the Seventh-Day Adventist education. UNAC expects that its instructors develop their teaching work inspired and based on a deep knowledge of this philosophy. Due to its philosophical position, UNAC aims to educate students in all of the Human Being aspects: spiritual, intellectual, physical and social. These aspects are denominated by Adventists as holistic education.
In this paper, a bibliographical research was done …
Spiritual Coaching: Helping People Develop And Implement Their Own Growth Strategies, Jenny E. Mcbride
Spiritual Coaching: Helping People Develop And Implement Their Own Growth Strategies, Jenny E. Mcbride
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
In spite of a plethora of discipleship programs and good preaching, the church in general has failed to empower believers who consistently re-present Jesus and His ministry in the earth today; nor are they reproducing other disciples. The limiting factor appears to be internal fears and beliefs within the disciples, rather than a lack of knowledge or skills. A more effective disciple making process whereby both pastors and congregants can move people of varying levels of maturity, knowledge and experience toward God is imperative if the church is to fulfill the Great Commission to “go and make disciples.”
Method …
Creating A Relational Model Of Evangelism In The Texas Conference, John L. Dubosque Jr.
Creating A Relational Model Of Evangelism In The Texas Conference, John L. Dubosque Jr.
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Seventh-day Adventist evangelism has attracted fewer postmodern Generations X and Y persons in the recent past due to a lack of understanding subgroup culture and the church’s tendency to accommodate only didactic preaching in a public evangelistic series. Complicating transformation are some Builders and Boomers who are resistive of the needed deep changes in public evangelism ministry which includes small groups. Researched principles that could readily be applied without alienating the older generations had to be field tested in six evangelistic campaigns in order to determine if success could be obtained in reaching Generations X and Y.
Method
Three …
Programa De Formación Espiritual Para La Preparación De Líderes En Universidades Adventistas, Walter Alana
Programa De Formación Espiritual Para La Preparación De Líderes En Universidades Adventistas, Walter Alana
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The Theological Seminary of the Adventist Technological Institute of Ecuador (ITSAE) provides a practical theoretical education to its students. Its fundamental purpose is to produce spiritual leaders that might appropriately cope with the different ecclesiastical challenges they may find in the field, once their career is completed. To accomplish this goal, students visit the local churches on weekly bases to integrate theory and praxis and to develop their leadership skills in a progressive way. Preliminary observations suggest that in spite of students accomplishing the assigned hours of their pre-professional practicum in different local churches, they have difficulty understanding how …
A Lay Mobilization Program For The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Zimbabwe, Cuthbert Machamire
A Lay Mobilization Program For The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Zimbabwe, Cuthbert Machamire
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The church in Zimbabwe involves lay people in ministry, but the proportion of people involved is small compared to the total membership of the church. Further, while the church believes in the biblical teaching on spiritual gifts, this concept is not given enough emphasis in enlisting members for ministry. This results in some members experiencing frustration as they serve in ministries for which they are not gifted. Others stay uninvolved either because they are not personally invited to take part, or because they do not find a ministry in the church that matches their gifts.
Method
In this dissertation, …
Strategies Of Team Formation In A Multi-Staffed Church, Larry C. Becker
Strategies Of Team Formation In A Multi-Staffed Church, Larry C. Becker
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
This project sought factors that bring about the formation of pastoral teams.
Method
Methods included the study of current literature, testing a hypothesis, administering a self-developed survey with pastoral teams in the Southeastern California Conference of Seventh day Adventists, and work with the Redlands Seventh-day Adventist Church pastoral team. Data was gathered from 30 churches, totaling 77 pastors and results were tabulated with SPSS software.
Results
Analysis of the teams in the main cohort and Redlands revealed both support for the hypothesis and factors of team formation. These pastoral teams formed in a culture, in relationship, with trust, mutual …
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Summer Day Camp In The Local Church As An Opportunity To Encourage Youth In Their Spiritual Growth, Church Identity, And Service, Michael J. Stevenson
Evaluating The Effectiveness Of Summer Day Camp In The Local Church As An Opportunity To Encourage Youth In Their Spiritual Growth, Church Identity, And Service, Michael J. Stevenson
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Large amounts of time and effort are expended by youth directors in providing camp related opportunities for employment. It is widely hoped by these youth directors that the experience of being a camp staff person will increase spirituality among the staff, that it will strengthen their identification with the Seventh-day Adventist church, and that, in the future, these same staff members will desire more opportunities to serve in the mission of the church. The purpose of this project is to qualitatively study whether staff are affected positively or negatively in the ways mentioned above, by being staff members of …
A Description And Analysis Of The Implementation Of A Strategic Leadership Team In The Oerlikon Sda Church, Paul N.T. Wright
A Description And Analysis Of The Implementation Of A Strategic Leadership Team In The Oerlikon Sda Church, Paul N.T. Wright
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The Oerlikon Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church in a suburb of Zurich, Switzerland declined from a total of 204 members in 1975 to 103 members at the end of 2008. This represents a membership loss of nearly fifty percent in thirty years. It is a hypothesis of this paper that a lack of strategic leadership at local church level is one reason for this decline. The task of this paper is to describe and evaluate a Strategic Leadership Team which came into existence in 2006 as a means of promoting growth in that local church.
Methods
The project begins by …
An Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Natural Church Development Within Seventh-Day Adventist Churches In The United States And The Resulting Church Growth, Rodney Jon Mills
An Evaluation Of The Implementation Of Natural Church Development Within Seventh-Day Adventist Churches In The United States And The Resulting Church Growth, Rodney Jon Mills
Doctor of Ministry Projects
The Problem
Natural Church Development (NCD) is a church health paradigm that is being used in Seventh-day Adventist churches across the United States as a tool for increasing both church health and growth. One question that needs to be addressed is whether the implementation of NCD within Seventh-day Adventist churches results in church growth.
The Purpose
The purpose of this dissertation is to establish a validation of the NCD process by evaluating the church growth experienced at the Milwaukee Central Seventh-day Adventist Church and compare that growth with Seventh-day Adventist churches across the United States which have participated in taking …
A Discipleship Model "Go And Make Disciples" For The Hispanic Hoover Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Alabama, Ezequiel Osorio
A Discipleship Model "Go And Make Disciples" For The Hispanic Hoover Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Alabama, Ezequiel Osorio
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Statement of the Problem
The concept of discipleship is not well understood in Christendom including in the SDA church. Many churches are adding new converts to their membership, but these new converts are not being trained and equipped to become true disciples. This phenomenon is having effect in the Hoover Hispanic Seventh-day Adventist Church (HHSDA)1. A better understanding of the discipleship concept is necessary, for that reason, a discipleship seminar named “Go and Make Disciples” was created for the members at HHSDA.
Method
A seminar method was used in this project. The researcher used the sanctuary of the HHSDA church …
Church Planting To Reach Postmodern Generations: Launching A New Church In Winnipeg, Manitoba, Jeffrey T. Potts
Church Planting To Reach Postmodern Generations: Launching A New Church In Winnipeg, Manitoba, Jeffrey T. Potts
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The Henderson Highway Seventh-day Adventist Church in Winnipeg, Manitoba, was failing to attract unchurched young adults (ages 18-35). Many of the young adults who had grown up in the church were lapsing into irregular worship attendance. Attempts were made to help the congregation become more relevant to postmodern generations. However, these attempts failed to create a church environment that truly engaged young adults.
Method
Under the direction of its senior pastor, the Henderson Highway Church decided to plant a new congregation to reach unchurched young adults. The church was designed to be relevant to the postmodern context. Launched at …
Bringing Home Our Adventist Prodigals: A Strategic Plan To Reclaim Youth In The Trans-European Division, Paul David Tompkins
Bringing Home Our Adventist Prodigals: A Strategic Plan To Reclaim Youth In The Trans-European Division, Paul David Tompkins
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The Seventh-day Adventist church is losing far too many of its young people. This trend is hurting the world-wide church, the local congregation, and individual families. Yet very little is being done about it! The purpose of this study is to address this issue and to specifically formulate a Strategic Plan for reclaiming inactive youth in the Trans-European Division (TED).
Method
The TED territory is extensive, covering over thirty-five countries, therefore, a local pilot project was conducted. This involved identifying young people who the local church listed as inactive, or non-attending, and then contacting them with a questionnaire as …
Planting Diverse Ethnic Seventh-Day Adventist Churches In Berlin, Germany, Berndt Dietrich Wolter
Planting Diverse Ethnic Seventh-Day Adventist Churches In Berlin, Germany, Berndt Dietrich Wolter
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Purpose
The purpose of this dissertation is to develop a contextualized model for an ethnic church planting process in large cities such as Berlin.
Statement of Problem
The unchurched population of foreigners in Germany stands at around seven million with 450,000 of them living in Berlin. A few existing ethnic Adventist churches in Germany have been established in the past but no strategy has been developed to reach new foreign groups. Although there are some Adventist ethnic churches in Berlin, they have not developed a coherent strategy to reach the rest of the foreigners. The German attitude toward integration of …
How To Have A Christ-Centered Youth Ministry In A Small Church Using Mentoring, Missions And Meetings, Kris R. Eckenroth
How To Have A Christ-Centered Youth Ministry In A Small Church Using Mentoring, Missions And Meetings, Kris R. Eckenroth
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
As of 2005, there was only one Seventh-day Adventist church within the Pennsylvania Conference that was providing consistent youth ministry. Many of the churches have seemed to have had difficulty finding individuals who have both the experience and the necessary training to lead a local church youth program. Due to the absence of local church youth ministry, the needs of the youth are being unmet and many are leaving the church.
Method
The method used to address this problem began in 2005. Training sessions were provided to potential leaders within the churches in the Pennsylvania Conference. There were five …
Proyecto Para La Construccion De Un Templo Para La Iglesia Adventista Central Hispana De Kansas City En Missouri, Manuel Moral
Proyecto Para La Construccion De Un Templo Para La Iglesia Adventista Central Hispana De Kansas City En Missouri, Manuel Moral
Doctor of Ministry Projects
The purpose of this project is to meet the need of a temple for the Kansas City Adventist Central Hispanic Church in Missouri. Financing the construction of that temple presents a difficulty. That is why fundamentals, principles, strategies, and methods will be studied that will make the construction possible.
The theoretical part will consist of studying the proceedings required for the building of temples in the Bible, and that are still applied today. Consequently, actual books and manuals will be researched regarding the construction of a temple. The process mentioned includes different implications that will also be researched in this …
An Adventist Missiological Response To Traditional Beliefs In Kenya, Festus Felix Gumbo
An Adventist Missiological Response To Traditional Beliefs In Kenya, Festus Felix Gumbo
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Seventh-day Adventist Christians in Kenya struggle to practice pure biblical teaching because many still practice African traditional beliefs. Many traditional beliefs are inconsistent with biblical teachings. This problem has contributed to syncretism that has weakened the Adventist message in Kenya. Many of the church members follow traditional beliefs because they fear to be condemned by members in society. The traditional belief that says a dead person continues to live and can communicate with the family is still strongly supported by many people in Kenya. This traditional belief contradicts biblical teaching concerning the dead. Other traditional issues church members struggle …
Equipping Lay People With The Spiritual Gift For Preaching In The Collegedale Community Seventh-Day Adventist Church To Preach, Jerry Douglas Arnold
Equipping Lay People With The Spiritual Gift For Preaching In The Collegedale Community Seventh-Day Adventist Church To Preach, Jerry Douglas Arnold
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
The Collegedale Community Seventh-day Adventist Church has never had a program to teach lay people how to preach. Preaching is one of God’s methods for sharing the gospel and winning souls for His kingdom. Teaching lay people to preach will increase the spread of the gospel.
Method
Spiritual gifts for preaching were used as the means of selecting lay people for the preaching class. They were taught how to study the Bible, discern sermon ideas, write out a sermon and how to present a sermon.
Results
The students learned how to study the Bible and share their findings in …
Holistic Approach To Preaching: A Training Program For Lay Speakers Of Manhattan Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Victor V. Dyman
Holistic Approach To Preaching: A Training Program For Lay Speakers Of Manhattan Seventh-Day Adventist Church, Victor V. Dyman
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Many congregations that are part of multi-church districts are presented with the challenge of motivating and equipping lay people with the skills they need for effective preaching in the postmodern world. This project sought to develop a compact and user-friendly preaching workshop, and preaching laboratory to train lay preachers to preach effectively.
Method
A Scripture and literature search was conducted on preaching. Principles were used to develop Holistic Preaching Workshop and Preaching Laboratory which were given to lay preachers of Manhattan Seventh-day Adventist Church in Manhattan, New York City. After the six-hour weekend workshop lay preachers delivered public presentations …
Desarrollo, Implementación Y Evaluación De Un Seminario De Encuentro Matrimonial Para La Solución De Conflictos, Edison B. Gonzalez
Desarrollo, Implementación Y Evaluación De Un Seminario De Encuentro Matrimonial Para La Solución De Conflictos, Edison B. Gonzalez
Doctor of Ministry Projects
The purpose of this project is to develop, implement, and evaluate a marriage encounter seminar for conflict resolutions, which was presented during a weekend to 48 couples of the Atlanta Metropolitan Hispanic Seventh-day Adventist Church. This project presents biblical fundamentals of marriage, as well as the most common marriage conflicts and their solutions. According to the Bible, God not only created man and woman in his “image,” but also united them in the state of matrimony in order for them to live peacefully and harmoniously in the Garden of Eden. Unfortunately, the entrance of sin to this world ruined God’s …
A Strategy To Strengthen The Role And Function Of The District Pastor For Effective Leadership And Guidance Of Local Churches In Ghana, Paul Adu Sampah
A Strategy To Strengthen The Role And Function Of The District Pastor For Effective Leadership And Guidance Of Local Churches In Ghana, Paul Adu Sampah
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
Ever since the General Conference introduced Union and Conferences to run local churches, progress of the gospel work in Ghana has been slow. Before their introduction, churches were grouped into districts and run by district pastors. Due to their high administrative expenditure, local churches have become poor with no proper pastoral care. When church administration is given back to the districts and district pastor’s role is strengthened, conference expenditure will be reduced, more pastors will be sent to the churches, and local churches will be saved from financial collapse.
Method
Studies were carried out by reviewing current literature on …
Estudio Descriptivo Y Retrospectivo De La Depresión En Una Muestra De Esposas De Pastores Hispanos, Roberto Juan Rothermel
Estudio Descriptivo Y Retrospectivo De La Depresión En Una Muestra De Esposas De Pastores Hispanos, Roberto Juan Rothermel
Doctor of Ministry Projects
Problem
This exploratory and descriptive study addresses depression as experienced by a sample of Hispanic pastors' wives Studies on Seventh-day Adventist ministers have shown they are vulnerable to depression and Hispanic ministers’ wives are not exempt from this reality. Women tend to be more prone than men to depression, because of biological, social, and cultural factors. In addition, ministers’ wives experience other church-related pressures that increase depression.
Method
The method known as handpicked sampling was used for this investigation. It consisted of the selection of a sample of Hispanic pastors’ wives that had experience in pastoral work, with the purpose …