Mormon Studies Commons^™

Startup Culture: Mlms, Mormons, And Entrepreneurship, Deborah Whitehead

Mormon Studies Review

The 2021 Amazon Prime series LuLaRich (reviewed in this volume) chronicled the meteoric rise and fall of LuLaRoe, a billion-dollar multilevel marketing (MLM) company founded in 2013 by DeAnne and Mark Stidham that specializes in women’s clothing. The series explored the company’s founding, growth, corporate culture, and recruitment and marketing strategies, as well as the particular appeal of the garments themselves. LuLaRoe’s success in the 2010s can be attributed to the convergence of several factors: the growth of social media, the rise of athleisure wear, the economic impact of the 2008 recession, the company’s ability to tap into a large …

Review Of R. Gordon Shepherd, A. Gary Shepherd, And Ryan T. Cragun, Eds. The Palgrave Handbook Of Global Mormonism. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 2020., Melissa Wei-Tsing Inouye

Mormon Studies Review

At 868 pages, this volume is more comprehensive than any that have come before, with thirty-one chapters written by forty-two authors on three restoration traditions, discussing over forty countries and even more ethnic and cultural groupings. The editors have brought together not only scholars from the fields already well represented within Mormon studies (history, religious studies, sociology, anthropology, studies of gender, race, and culture) but also scholars with provocative perspectives from geography, demography, and corporate research. There is a pleasing mix of new and familiar names.

Reviewing a book such as this one could easily consume the allotted space with …

Review: Taylor G. Petrey And Amy Hoyt, Eds. The Routledge Handbook Of Mormonism And Gender. New York: Routledge, 2020., Brenda R. Weber

Mormon Studies Review

Taylor Petrey and Amy Hoyt’s The Routledge Handbook of Mormonism and Gender is a veritable gold mine of material for scholars interested in the historical and contemporary consideration of gender and gender identity as it relates to the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, here referred to as the Mormons. Putting together a volume such as this requires an adroit balance, since the editors and authors must be aware of larger field questions related to gender studies, social science methodologies, religious studies and theological approaches to scholarship, and, obviously, discussions in Mormon studies and Mormon history. Mormonism itself is …

Review: Spencer Fluhman And Philip Barlow, Eds. The Book Of Mormon: Brief Theological Introductions. Provo, Ut: Neal A. Maxwell Institute, Brigham Young University, 2021., Seth Perry

Mormon Studies Review

“Theology” is a complicated concept in Mormon discourse. It is routine to say that there is no tradition of formal Mormon theology, or even any Mormon theology at all. This is explained by observing that continuing revelation and the multiple genres of Mormon scripture resist systematization, or that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints eschews seminaries and professionalized clergy. Both the perceived need and the space for discussion of what other Christianities consider theological questions is thought to be constrained by institutional and cultural insistence on the prophetic authority of church leaders. Seminarians are not needed to work …

Review: Mark L. Staker And Donald L. Enders. Joseph And Lucy Smith’S Tunbridge Farm: An Archaeology And Landscape Study. Independence, Mo: John Whitmer Books, 2021., Mark P. Leone

Mormon Studies Review

Joseph and Lucy Smith’s Tunbridge Farm by Mark L. Staker and Donald L. Enders is a chapter in a Latter-day Saint Book of Hours (a meditative guide to be read throughout the day filled with prayers meant to focus on guidance from God). Staker and Enders’s volume uses archaeology and landscape to ponder a moment in God’s intervention in the course of human life. The authors are ordinary, honest archaeologists digging at a founding and farming site in the lives of Joseph Smith Sr. and Lucy Mack Smith. The Smiths were the parents of ten children, including Joseph Smith Jr., …

Review: Blaire Ostler. Queer Mormon Theology: An Introduction. Newburgh, In: By Common Consent Press, 2021., Mees Tielens

Mormon Studies Review

In Queer Mormon Theology: An Introduction, Blaire Ostler straddles the boundaries between scholar and memoirist, queer and woodcuts by the artist Brian Kershisnik, and inside they are evocatively illustrated, with vivid orange accents and creative layout. In Miller’s volume, the verses of Mormon 6:8–22 are sparsely printed in white, a few lines at a time, across sixteen otherwise black pages. It feels, indeed, like the end of a world.

Review: Michael L. Tate, Ed. The Great Medicine Road: Narratives Of The Oregon, California, And Mormon Trails, Part 4: 1856–1869. Edited With The Assistance Of Kerin Tate, Will Bagley, And Richard L. Rieck. Norman, Oklahoma: The Arthur H. Clark Company, An Imprint Of The University Of Oklahoma Press, 2020., Juliette Bourdin

Mormon Studies Review

The four-volume series The Great Medicine Road offers a collection of primary sources about the overland trails across the American West in the nineteenth century. Originally designed by Will Bagley, a leading expert on trails history, and Richard L. Rieck, a professor of geography, the project was carried out by Michael L. Tate, a professor of history emeritus at the University of Nebraska, Omaha. The first volume, published in 2014, included fifteen sources for the period 1840–1848, encompassing the early years of migration on the overland trails. The second volume Smith’s path, a woman with her man following her lead. …

Review: Jenner Furst And Julia Willoughby Nason, Dirs. Lularich. Cinemart And Story Force Entertainment, 2021., Janan Graham-Russell

Mormon Studies Review

Over the past several years, from botched festivals to forged religious documents, stories of fraud and exploitative business practices have illuminated our screens. LuLaRich is one of the more recent contributions to US audiences’ fascination with scams. The four-part documentary explores the social, economic, cultural, and religious intersections of family and community in the US through interviews with current and former “independent fashion retailers,” employees, commentators, and DeAnne and Mark Stidham, cofounders of LuLaRoe.

Review: Jared Hess And Tyler Measom, Dirs. Murder Among The Mormons. Bbc Studios, 2021., Hillary Kirkham

Mormon Studies Review

The three-part Netflix miniseries Murder Among the Mormons by directors Jared Hess and Tyler Measom is a story about construction— of forged documents and lethal bombs, but also of memory and meaning. The documentary details the story of Mark Hofmann, the master document forger who murdered two individuals as his web of deceptions unraveled. Despite the title, however, the docuseries is not centered on the murders of Hofmann’s victims Steve Christensen and Kathy Sheets; rather, the nearly three-hour docuseries focuses on Hofmann, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints’ relationship with its past, and Hofmann’s impact on the religious …

Review: Ronald O. Barney. Joseph Smith: History, Methods, And Memory. Salt Lake City: University Of Utah Press, 2020. & Michael Hubbard Mackay. Prophetic Authority: Democratic Hierarchy And The Mormon Priesthood. Urbana: University Of Illinois Press, 2020., John G. Turner

Mormon Studies Review

“By what authority doest thou these things?” Jerusalem’s religious leaders ask Jesus. “And who gave thee this authority to do these things?” What are this man’s credentials? Who has authorized him to teach and preach, heal on the Sabbath, cast out money-changers from the temple, curse fig trees, and forgive sins? Jesus answers their question with a question of his own. “The baptism of John,” he asks, “was it from heaven, or of men?” They are afraid to answer, because the masses believe that John—another uncredentialed, rustic man—was a prophet. So they tell him they do not know. “Neither do …

Review: Elizabeth Fenton. Old Canaan In A New World: Native Americans And The Lost Tribes Of Israel. New York: New York University Press, 2020., Matthew W. Dougherty

Mormon Studies Review

This study tracks the emergence and transformation in Anglophone America of the “Hebraic Indian theory”—that is, the idea that Indigenous people are descended from Israelites, most often members of the so-called Lost Tribes of Israel. In such theories, the European “discovery” of Indigenous peoples was an event of apocalyptic significance because the reemergence of the Lost Tribes was assumed to herald a new age of the world. Fenton approaches the material from the study of early American literature and brings perceptive and wide-ranging analyses to a variety of texts. She examines not only religious narratives— including the Book of Mormon—but …

Review: John Sillito. B. H. Roberts: A Life In The Public Arena. Salt Lake City: Signature Books, 2021. & Val Holley. Frank J. Cannon: Saint, Senator, Scoundrel. Salt Lake City: University Of Utah Press, 2020., Dave Hall

Mormon Studies Review

Forty years ago, I picked up a copy of Truman Madsen’s biography of B. H. Roberts, Defender of the Faith. About the same time, I also checked out of a college library Frank Cannon’s Under the Prophet in Utah. Even with my knowledge of Mormon history in its infancy, it was clear that these were very different men. Now two recent biographies have reaffirmed that point. In B. H. Roberts: A Life in the Public Arena, John Sillito does not attempt to provide a comprehensive treatment of Roberts: his focus is not on Roberts’s contributions to Mormon …

Review: Michael Austin. Vardis Fisher: A Mormon Novelist. Introductions To Mormon Thought. Urbana: University Of Illinois Press, 2021., Rachel Hunt Steenblik

Mormon Studies Review

Michael Austin’s book Vardis Fisher: A Mormon Novelist is a remarkably well-written, engaging, and informative read. It starts with a dedication to Eugene England, a founding figure in Mormon letters “who got here first,” and a foreword to the Introductions to Mormon Thought Series by the editors, Matthew Bowman and Joseph Spencer. These are followed by four brief chapters and a very useful bibliographic essay.

Review: Samuel Morris Brown. Joseph Smith’S Translation: The Words And Worlds Of Early Mormonism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020., Douglas J. Davies

Mormon Studies Review

Why do we write books? Why did Joseph Smith write his, and why does Samuel Brown write on Smith writing his? I suppose this regressive query may sound mildly absurd coming from one academic to others, largely alert to career, pride, obligation and, optimistically, to the love of shared knowing. Perhaps I have written too many myself, read far more and—just now—for whatever reason, find this rhetorical question springing to mind. By contrast, it is usually easy to answer the question of how someone has written their book, ascertain its genre, and comment on its single disciplinary driver or, as …

Full Issue

Mormon Studies Review

No abstract provided.

Free Agency, Hard Work, And The Justification Of Economic Inequality In The Church Of Jesus Christ Of Latter-Day Saints, Allison M. Kelley

Mormon Studies Review

How did we go from Joseph Smith saying “it is not given that one man should possess that which is above another” (D&C 49:02) to a multimillionaire openly expressing his indifference toward Americans who make less than fifty thousand dollars a year?3 I propose that two interrelated developments helped Saints normalize and justify economic inequality. First, beginning in the mid-twentieth century, church leaders used the theological term “free agency” to criticize economic interventionism and tax-funded antipoverty programs. Instead, they argued that the only way to preserve Americans’ free agency was to ameliorate poverty through voluntary acts of charity. While these …

Review: Virginia Kerns. Sally In Three Worlds: An Indian Captive In The House Of Brigham Young. Salt Lake City: University Of Utah Press, 2021., Erika M. Bsumek

Mormon Studies Review

In Sally in Three Worlds, anthropologist Virginia Kerns has written a detailed and engaging account of the life of a young Pahvant Ute woman who was kidnapped by Indigenous captors (possibly the Ute leader Wakara and his brother) and sold to Latter-day Saint settlers when she was in her late teens. Sally, as the Latter-day Saint community came to call the captive, then lived most of her life as a domestic laborer, working for members of Brigham Young’s extended family. She eventually became the cook at the Lion House for Young and his large plural family. In total, she …

Review: Don Argott, Dir. Keep Sweet. 44 Blue Productions, 2021., Stephanie Griswold

Mormon Studies Review

The recent documentary Keep Sweet, directed by Don Argott and produced by Glenn Meehan (not to be confused with the 2022 Netflix documentary Keep Sweet: Pray and Obey), recounts the producer’s experiences meeting members of the historically Fundamentalist Mormon community in Southern Utah known as Short Creek. The film is advertised as “rare access to current FLDS members” from “a producer embedded for over a decade.” The film follows the producer, Meehan, as he meets ex-members and followers of the Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (FLDS) and depicts their experiences with the changes in their …

Review: Spencer Mcbride. Joseph Smith For President: The Prophet, The Assassins, And The Fight For American Religious Freedom. New York: Oxford University Press, 2021., Sara Georgini

Mormon Studies Review

Why would anyone want to be president of the United States? Joseph Smith knew. Spencer McBride’s biography of a unique political moment unfolds in Joseph Smith for President: The Prophet, the Assassins, and the Fight for American Religious Freedom. Harvesting an impressive cache of primary source material and dynamic new analysis, McBride uses Smith’s unlikely presidential run to investigate the political and religious systems of the day.

End Matter

Mormon Studies Review

No abstract provided.

Review: Michael Harold Paulos And Konden Smith Hansen, Eds. The Reed Smoot Hearings: The Investigation Of A Mormon Senator And The Transformation Of An American Religion. Logan: Utah State University Press, 2021., Carter Charles

Mormon Studies Review

Before the clean-shaven and impeccably dressed David Oman McKay, it was Reed Owen Smoot who embodied Latter-day Saints as modern, mainstream, and American. The Reed Smoot Hearings remind us of this pivotal role that Smoot and others, like Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints president Joseph F. Smith, senators Fred E. Dubois and Albert J. Beveridge, and US president Theodore Roosevelt played in both Latter-day Saint and US religious history. The book is a welcome addition to works by Milton Merrill, Harvard Heath, and Kathleen Flake. Michael Harold Paulos and Konden Hansen Smith, editors as well as authors, are …

Review: Carol Edison, Eric A. Eliason, And Lynne S. Mcneill, Eds. This Is The Plate: Utah Food Traditions. Salt Lake City: University Of Utah Press, 2020., Nora Rubel

Mormon Studies Review

Whimsically entitled This is the Plate—an homage to Brigham Young’s apocryphal words, “this is the place,” when he first saw the desert valley that would eventually become the state of Utah—this volume offers something for everyone. Editors Carol A. Edison, Eric A. Eliason, and Lynne S. McNeill have provided a well-integrated selection of essays, vignettes, and recipes (fifty-seven!) that showcase the historical, cultural, and religious foodways of Utah. McNeill’s introduction, “Eat, Drink, and Be Merry, for Tomorrow You May Be in Utah,” sets the stage for an enjoyable romp through Utahn history, presenting the reader with a wide variety …

Review: James Simeone. The Saints And The State: The Mormon Troubles In Illinois. Athens: Ohio University Press, 2021., William P. Umphres

Mormon Studies Review

When Joseph Smith led his persecuted band of followers into western Illinois from Missouri in 1839, nothing overtly portended that within a few short years he and his brother would be assassinated by a mob and his oppressed followers would soon have to flee in the face of lawless violence against them. Instead, their new neighbors expressed along with the related Mormon theology on those topics, would have been illuminating at this point in the campaign story. Surely, it would have been a deciding factor for many potential voters. Overall, exploring Joseph Smith’s White House run tells us about a …

Reivew: Mark S. Diamond And Andrew C. Reed, Eds. Understanding Covenants And Communities: Jews And Latter-Day Saints In Dialogue. Provo, Utah: Religious Studies Center, Brigham Young University, In Cooperation With The Central Conference Of American Rabbis, New York, 2020., Yaakov Ariel

Mormon Studies Review

Scholars, students, and religious leaders who take interest in interfaith dialogues, and especially in the interactions between Latter- day Saints and Jews, will welcome Understanding Covenants and Communities: Jews and Latter-day Saints in Dialogue. The compilation demonstrates both a continuation of and a breakthrough in the long history of the exchanges between the two communities of faith.

Review: John Corrigan. Religious Intolerance, America, And The World: A History Of Forgetting And Remembering. Chicago: University Of Chicago Press, 2020., Andrea Radke-Moss

Mormon Studies Review

John Corrigan begins Religious Intolerance, America, and the World with the premise that the American past has been more characterized by religious intolerance and persecution than by tolerance and harmony, particularly of marginal groups. Even as Americans have “congratulated themselves” (2) on religious freedom as an exceptional ideal in the early republic, “religious violence came early and often as colonial New Englanders executed a series of devastating military campaigns against Native Americans” (3). Protestants later turned their persecutions to other undesirable religious minorities, including Catholics and Latter-day Saints.

Capitalism And Distributive Justice: Musings Of A Mormon Economist, Shinji Takagi

Mormon Studies Review

In this forum essay, I discuss capitalism and distributive justice from the standpoint of a neoclassical economist. I am motivated by the conflict between the purported virtues of a free-market system (and the income inequality such a system is known to generate) and the egalitarian principles espoused by Latter-day Saint scripture. This is a complex subject upon which no easy closure can be expected. Part of the difficulty comes from the fact that capitalism itself is an ill-defined concept. I use capitalism and free-market system almost interchangeably, consistent with the way they are generally understood in everyday discourse. It bears …

Front Matter

Mormon Studies Review

No abstract provided.

No Poor Among Them: Poverty And Mormonism’S Trek Toward Secularism, Cristina Rosetti

Mormon Studies Review

Shortly after Warren Jeffs’s arrest and subsequent prosecution, American media bombarded audiences with countless stories of Fundamentalist crime. Screens and papers carried stories about trafficking, violence, and, of course, polygamy. The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (FLDS) became a spectacle of impropriety and abuse. As this happened, people became familiar with accounts of nonviolent crime within the community. Food stamp fraud emerged as a concerning offense associated with the religion, and the mugshot of Lyle Jeffs, brother to prophet Warren, appeared alongside headlines that carefully outlined his involvement in criminal deception. Of the fraud and subsequent arrest, …

“I Dreamed Of An Alliance Between The Authority Of Dogma And Political Liberty”: Mormonism And Socialism In France In The Nineteenth Century, Christian Euvrard

Mormon Studies Review

Many historians and other scholars have noticed the social and political fervor observed in France between 1830 and 1870. This is also the period when Mormonism first arrived in the nation. Yet while the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints only achieved limited success in France, its doctrine and practices generated unusual interest, raising a number of important questions. What were the forces at work during this pivotal period? How can we reconcile the large cultural interest with the faith’s mediocre success? This essay offers several avenues of research.

Review: Christopher James Blythe. Terrible Revolution: Latter-Day Saints And The American Apocalypse. New York: Oxford University Press, 2020., Matthew Avery Sutton

Mormon Studies Review

For too long, many scholars have argued that Christian groups obsessed with a coming apocalypse are so other-worldly focused that they have little impact on the politics or cultures around them. Those scholars are wrong. Rather than fostering a sense of indifference regarding the coming of an inevitable end of days, apocalypse-obsessed Christians have used their beliefs as a call to battle rather than a justification for withdrawal. God, they insist, has given them much to do and very little time in which to do it. Positive that Jesus is coming soon, they have sought converts and engaged directly and …