Christianity Commons^™

Math Presentations Highlight Communities Of Practice, Jenni Breems

Staff Work

No abstract provided.

On Whose Authority? Discerning Selection Of Female Leadership In The African American Non-Denominational Churches, Earnestine Tyshell Cothran

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore the lived experiences of senior church leaders and women pursuing senior leadership roles within African American non-denominational churches in North Carolina regarding the selection of women for senior leadership roles. This study examined the lived experiences of senior leaders and women who served or sought to serve in senior leadership roles within African American nondenominational churches in North Carolina. The problem emerged from a previous literature review as a replication study, “The Influence of Views Regarding Scriptural Authority on Female Leadership within The Independent Baptist African American Denomination” (McZeal, 2021). …

Fatherlessness And The Longing For The Father: A Biblical-Theological And Apologetic Account Of Desire, Belonging, And Ecclesial Remedy, Walter Marshall

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This dissertation examines fatherlessness as a sociological, psychological, and theological problem while advancing an abductive apologetic argument that the persistent human longing for paternal presence, identity, security, and belonging is more comprehensively explained by the Christian worldview. Building upon C. S. Lewis’s Argument from Desire, the study develops the Christian Argument from Paternal Longing, employing inference to the best explanation to evaluate whether paternal longing provides meaningful evidence for God’s existence. Through interdisciplinary research integrating sociology, attachment theory, biblical theology, and historical-theological analysis, the dissertation compares Christian explanations with developmental, evolutionary, sociological, and psychological alternatives. Its central finding is that …

A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Of Protestant Pastors’ Perceived Church Ministry Impact On Combat Veterans In West Michigan, Matthew C. Pifer

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to assess, through the perspectives of Protestant pastors, the impact of both pastoral and congregational ministry on combat veterans in Kent County, Michigan. In examining previous studies, it has been found that spirituality and religion can often have a positive impact on Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and moral injuries (MI) among veterans. Therefore, the theory guiding this study in this research is that spirituality can positively affect veterans with PTSD, and Christian congregations, as led by their pastors, can have a positive influence in the lives of combat veterans as they …

Why Herman Bavinck?, Gayle E. Doornbos

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Rooted in Scripture and attentive to the Reformed tradition, Bavinck sought to 'view the wonderful works of God in their own light' in such a way that the 'internal beauty' and 'inherent truth and glory' may 'commend itself to the consciences of humanity' and 'thank God not that we must but that we may believe.'"

Posting about ­­­­­­­­Herman Bavinck and Christianity in modernity from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Why Herman …

The Gift Of Needing Others, Cailee Pastoor

Staff Work

"What if needing others is not just an unfortunate part of being helpless, but rather the Holy Spirit’s reminder that we belong to the Lord and are called to live in fellowship with His people?"

Posting about the importance of community and support from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

The Gift of Needing Others

Walking With Families Through End-Of-Life Care And Grief, Julie B. Van Otterloo

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Loved ones are not giving up; they are choosing to support the patient in living their best life, focusing on quality, dignity, and comfort rather than continuing treatments."

Posting about hospice care from In All Things, a blog which highlights the shared faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian perspective of our writers, exploring how to fearlessly engage with every aspect of modern life—until all is made new.

Walking with Families Through End-of-Life Care and Grief

Becoming People Who See: Walking Alongside Those Impacted By Trauma, Kara L. Nutt

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"In a world fixated on resilience and overcoming hardship, Christians are called to recognize and respond to the realities of trauma."

Posting about hearing and healing trauma­­­­­­­­ from In All Things, a blog which highlights the shared faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian perspective of our writers, exploring how to fearlessly engage with every aspect of modern life—until all is made new.

Becoming People Who See: Walking Alongside Those Impacted by Trauma

The Revitalization Of Pentecostal Churches In Rural Appalachia, Justin W. Rowland

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Pentecostal churches in rural Appalachia face challenges such as declining attendance, aging congregations, demographic shifts, and changing cultural values. Although denominations such as the Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee) and the Assemblies of God remain active throughout the region, many churches struggle to sustain growth and ministry effectiveness. Limited research has examined the factors that contribute to the health and vitality of thriving Pentecostal churches in this rural setting. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore the characteristics and practices of healthy, growing Pentecostal churches in rural Appalachia to understand what contributes to their vitality, discipleship, and sustained …

Closing The Gap Between Pastoral Responsibility And Mental Health Preparedness, Robert Lee Lytle Jr

Masters Theses

Faith communities increasingly encounter significant mental health needs among congregants, yet many pastors and ministry leaders remain underprepared to respond effectively within their pastoral scope. This Dissertation-in-Praxis addressed the persistent gap between the growing prevalence of mental health challenges in faith-based contexts and the limited leadership preparedness required to provide informed, ethical, and integrated pastoral care. This researcher defined the theological, organizational, and contextual dimensions of the problem, identifying stigma, insufficient pastoral training, and fragmented referral practices as primary contributors to the divide between responsibility and preparedness. Grounded in interdisciplinary scholarship at the intersection of spirituality, leadership, and mental health, …

Beyond Cultural Competence: Measuring And Developing Cultural Intelligence In Christian Organizations, Ronald Phillip Lugo

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Cultural intelligence has emerged as a critical competency for cross-cultural ministry (Livermore, 2009). However, most churches and Christian organizations lack formal training to develop this capacity (Otaigbe, 2016). Tran (2009) notes that culture can be viewed as values, norms, institutions, and/or artifacts, all of which are difficult to define and understand. Churches today are increasingly intentionally designed to be multicultural (Berquist, 2018). Christian organizations face a challenge in communicating with individuals from diverse cultures. How do churches and Christian organizations prepare to reach and disciple effectively? This study addressed this strategic need by developing a cultural intelligence training specifically for …

Safe But Never Alone: Growing Up In The Surveillance Era, Erin Olson

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"But when does our desire to keep people safe begin to undermine their freedom to develop independence?"

Posting about ­­­­­­technology and parenting from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Safe but Never Alone: Growing Up in the Surveillance Era

Holding Space For The Mess: Trusting God's Sovereignty In Children's Stories, Jennifer J. Den Boer

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Allowing messiness and teaching kids to cope with the messiness by providing love, grace, structure, and discipline around the messiness can help children learn to grow and thrive, helping them become who the Lord has called them to be."

Posting about emotional regulation skills and supports for children in In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Holding Space for Mess: Trusting God's Sovereignty in Children's Stories

Reinforcement Learning: A Christian Perspective, Paul Griffioen

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

No abstract provided.

Bearing God's Image: A Biblical Theology Of The Imago Dei, Elijah Gutierrez

Biblical Studies Student Projects

This paper examines the biblical theology of the imago Dei, tracing the image of God from creation through the Fall and redemption in Christ to its ultimate restoration in the new creation. Beginning with an exegesis of Genesis 1:26–28, it argues that the image of God establishes both humanity's inherent dignity and its vocation to represent God and steward creation. Although sin distorts humanity’s ability to fulfill this calling, the image itself is not lost, and human dignity remains intact. The New Testament develops this theme by identifying Jesus Christ as the perfect image of God and the one through …

How Then Shall You Persevere?, Cailee Pastoor

Staff Work

"...perseverance is not formed by avoiding every hard thing. It is formed as God meets us in the hard times and teaches us to keep going."

Posting about joy persisting through chronic illness from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

How Then Shall We Persevere?

Longing For Home In The House Of God, Justin Bailey

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"God’s house is not yet what it is meant to be. It may seem ruined. Some have lost hope and have abandoned it. But we cannot abandon the church, because it is still the household of our God."

Posting about longing for home in In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

"Longing for Home in the House of God

The Groaning Of Creation: Lament And Hope, Jeff Ploegstra

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"I don’t think it a stretch to image the creation crying “how long oh Lord…” The creation is waiting in eager expectation for the children of God to be revealed.  I imagine that revelation can’t help but include lament and repentance—a turning back to God-glorifying tending and keeping."

Posting about nature's lament for Christian stewardship from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

The Groaning of Creation: Lament and Hope

School Choice And The Black Family: A Qualitative Phenomenological Study Why Black Christian Parents Choose Public Schools, Rosalyn C. Gatling

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

A lack of growth in enrollment is noticeable in Faith-based schools, even more so with black student enrollment in Christian schools (NCES, 2024). Black student enrollment continues to remain at a low percentage and has not increased in over 15 years, with leaders striving to discover solutions to elevate growth in the future and avert further enrollment loss, and stagnation (Harsh, 2018). The major reasons why black Christian parents choose public schools over Christian schools vary; therefore, the purpose of this qualitative phenomenological study was to discover the perspective of black Christian parents and what they believe are the major …

The Evolution Of Faith-Based Cinema, Brittany L. Dewitt

Masters Theses

Screenwriting like any other form of writing is an art of storytelling. It is set apart from other forms of writing because an audience can experience the story come to life on screen. What makes for good, beautiful, and true as it relates to good screenwriting is the writer’s ability to not only weave a story together uniquely in a way that engages and connects the audience but doing so in a way that gives them something to discuss long after the film is over. I aim to do this in my own screenplay Forged in the Fire. As a …

Examining Christian Hospital Chaplains’ Roles: Navigating Shifting Paradigms, Karen Y. Wilkins

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The purpose of this heuristic phenomenological study was to explore how faith-based hospital chaplains negotiate their professional identity while serving non-religious clients. As hospital chaplaincy expands beyond traditional religious care, chaplains are increasingly expected to support the holistic well-being of patients from diverse religious, spiritual, and secular backgrounds. Guided by humanistic theory, role theory, and theory of meaning, this study examined how chaplains understand and fulfill their professional roles. Role theory informed the exploration of expectations placed on chaplains, while theory of meaning provided a framework for understanding how chaplains support patients’ meaning-making processes regardless of religious affiliation. Data were …

A Mixed-Method Investigation Into A Possible Correlation Between Forced Terminations Among Church Members, An Exodus Of Young Adults, And An Exponential Decay In Church Attendance, Chastity Selma Jhingree

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

In the preservation of the biblical church, church members are mandated in the Face of God (Coram Deo) to feed all Christians with the Word of God. However, extant literature reveals a major crisis confronting the church: the exponential decay in church attendance. Therefore, the overarching question is: how can church members feed on and receive the Word of God when church attendance continues to decline? Forced terminations and an exodus of young adults from the church were examined in an investigation to determine whether they significantly contributed to the decline in church attendance. A mixed-methods research design was used …

A Lament For Readers (Of Landscape), Howard Schaap

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Maybe what I lament is the lack of readers of the landscape, that as we drive through the countryside, we so often fail to get out of our cars to actually see “the beguiling nooks and crannies” of the world."

Posting about appreciating nature from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

A Lament for Readers (of Landscape)

9/11 And The Task Of History, Donald Roth

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"The ultimate task is actually more about our embodiment, about taking into ourselves a sense of the weight of history that lets us feel the lessons it has to teach us, rather than just recite them."

Posting about ­­­­­­­­remembering 9/11 from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

9/11 and the Task of History

Neither Disembodied Nor Triumphalist: The Voice Of Christian Hope, Gayle E. Doornbos

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Hope in the Psalms is a real, honest declaration, amid the awful realities of life, that we cannot manufacture or optimize our way out of our pain. Rather, in our pain we turn to the only one who can restore us and who has promised us a day when pain, death, and sorrow will be no more."

Posting about words for the suffering in In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Neither Disembodied nor …

On The Passing Of Wendell Berry, Gayle E. Doornbos, Jeff Ploegstra, Danielle Wyenberg, Howard Schaap

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Berry’s literary contributions are vast and multifaceted, but the central messages carry an invitation into a more intentional life, one that prioritizes people, land, communities, and the joy of good work."

Posting about Wendell Berry's passing and literary legacy ­­­­­­­­from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

On the Passing of Wendell Berry

Does Our Economy Cultivate Beauty?, Joshua Hollinger

Faculty Work Comprehensive List

"Wherever we’re failing to build and preserve beautiful places, the answer lies in fostering a society of people who have a taste for beauty and a loving desire to share it with others, and in finding mechanisms for cooperating and negotiating with each other amid our sin and finitude."

Posting about true beauty in an advertising-focused world ­­­­­­­­from In All Things, an online hub that offers insight into maintaining and faithful and orthodox Reformed Christian worldview while fearlessly engaging in every aspect of contemporary life – until all is made new.

Does Our Economy Cultivate Beauty?

Building And Sustaining Foundations That Ground The Faithful: Helping Young Adults Stay Connected To Faith And The Church, Abe Thompson

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

Today’s prevailing cultural philosophy is lost in a malaise of confusion and deception. Children and young adults from Christian homes and churches are being lured by these deceptions. Even churched students and graduates from Christian schools (like Colorado Springs Christian School) are hemorrhaging from the body of Christ at unacceptable levels. This DMin thesis project report demonstrates that, on a continuum of touchpoints in the spiritual formation journey, Camp Elim staff and Gap Year programs are an effective model for those seeking to restore young adults, ages eighteen to twenty-nine, to fulfilling, rich, and committed involvement in the body of …

Tracing God’S Plan To Restore Eden In Biblical Theology: The Edenic Restoration Of Man And The Land, Jared Crossno

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This study is characterized by the assertion that the restoration of the earth is inextricably linked to the restoration of humanity and that the biblical narrative consistently portrays these realities as interdependent. By defining the restoration of Eden as both an eschatological hope and a present process, biblical theology is advanced in three ways. First, there will be a clarification of the canonical trajectory from Eden to the new creation. Second, soteriology will be reframed to a holistic perspective, rather than an anthropocentric one. Finally, there will be an emphasis on the ethical implications of God's mission to renew humanity …

The Recurring Motif Of The Sexualization Of Women Within The Biblical Narratives And The Accompanied Theme Of The Providence Of God, Joseph S. Bernath

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

This research project seeks to inform others on how selected women of the Bible, those of the Old and New Testament, may have made wrong choices regarding sexualization, whether it be prostitution, infertility, or adultery, that the plan of God did not deter from their lives—within the Old Testament God used a multitude of family dysfunctions to carry out His plan to bring about the Messiah, Jesus Christ. In the New Testament, it was to further the Kingdom of God.

In the gospels, Jesus had a heart for women who had been involved in sexual situations of some kind, and …