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New Inscriptions From A Salvage Excavation At Ramla, Moshe Sharon Apr 2025

New Inscriptions From A Salvage Excavation At Ramla, Moshe Sharon

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Arabic-Inscribed Pottery From Ramla, Nitzan Amitai-Preiss Apr 2025

Arabic-Inscribed Pottery From Ramla, Nitzan Amitai-Preiss

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Early Islamic Bronze Weights From Ramla, Raz Kletter Apr 2025

Early Islamic Bronze Weights From Ramla, Raz Kletter

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Coins From The Excavation At Ramla, Ariel Berman, Helena Sokolov Apr 2025

Coins From The Excavation At Ramla, Ariel Berman, Helena Sokolov

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Glass Finds From The Salvage Excavation At Ramla, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Natalya Katsnelson Apr 2025

Glass Finds From The Salvage Excavation At Ramla, Yael Gorin-Rosen, Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Early Islamic Remains At ‘Opher Park, Ramla, Raz Kletter Apr 2025

Early Islamic Remains At ‘Opher Park, Ramla, Raz Kletter

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Fish Remains From ‘En Gedi, Omri Lernau Apr 2025

Fish Remains From ‘En Gedi, Omri Lernau

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No abstract provided.


Identification Of Charred Wood Remains From ‘En Gedi, Uri Baruch Apr 2025

Identification Of Charred Wood Remains From ‘En Gedi, Uri Baruch

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Medieval Pottery From ‘En Gedi, Adrian J. Boas Apr 2025

Medieval Pottery From ‘En Gedi, Adrian J. Boas

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Second Temple Period Burial Cave From The Mount Of Olives, Jerusalem, Rafeh Abu Raya, Boaz Zissu Apr 2025

A Second Temple Period Burial Cave From The Mount Of Olives, Jerusalem, Rafeh Abu Raya, Boaz Zissu

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Middle Bronze Age Iib–Late Bronze Age I Burial Cave At ‘En Nashab, In The Bet She’An Valley, Zvi Gal, Nehemya Zori Apr 2025

A Middle Bronze Age Iib–Late Bronze Age I Burial Cave At ‘En Nashab, In The Bet She’An Valley, Zvi Gal, Nehemya Zori

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Tumulus At Mazor-El‘Ad (Site 96), Irina Zilberbod, Amir Golani, David Amit Apr 2025

A Tumulus At Mazor-El‘Ad (Site 96), Irina Zilberbod, Amir Golani, David Amit

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Rock-Cut Shaft Tombs From The Intermediate Bronze Age Near The Holyland Hotel, Jerusalem, Yehiel Zelinger, Amir Golani Apr 2025

Rock-Cut Shaft Tombs From The Intermediate Bronze Age Near The Holyland Hotel, Jerusalem, Yehiel Zelinger, Amir Golani

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


Front Matter, The Editorial Board Apr 2025

Front Matter, The Editorial Board

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.


A Lead Pilgrimage Ampulla From ‘Akko’S Crusader Harbor, Jacob Sharvit, Bridget Buxton, William H. Krieger, Dror Planer, Ofra Barkai Jan 2025

A Lead Pilgrimage Ampulla From ‘Akko’S Crusader Harbor, Jacob Sharvit, Bridget Buxton, William H. Krieger, Dror Planer, Ofra Barkai

'Atiqot

A medieval mold-made lead pilgrimage ampulla was retrieved in an underwater excavation in the port of ‘Akko. It exhibits molded ribbing, resembling a scallop shell or drawstring purse on one side, and an aniconic quatrefoil petal on the other. Such mass-produced, budget-friendly, lead pilgrim ampullae are well-known in medieval Christianity, probably reflecting an insatiable desire for holy relics. Certain characteristics of the ampulla may suggest that it was locally produced in ‘Akko. In the Crusader period, ‘Akko was the major maritime gateway in and out of the Holy Land for European pilgrims, and the ‘Akko ampulla may have arrived at …


The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Nahal Pehar (Giv‘Ot Bar), In The Northern Negev, Tamar Winter Jan 2025

The Glass Finds From The Monastery At Nahal Pehar (Giv‘Ot Bar), In The Northern Negev, Tamar Winter

'Atiqot

The glass finds distributed throughout the monastery at Giv‘ot Bar include vessels that denote the religious nature of the building: bottles, juglets, several types of lamps and windowpanes. These finds are characteristic of ecclesiastical complexes of the late Byzantine period, and attest to an active Christian community at the site.


Three Greek Inscriptions From The Monastery At Nahal Pehar (Giv‘Ot Bar), In The Northern Negev, Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

Three Greek Inscriptions From The Monastery At Nahal Pehar (Giv‘Ot Bar), In The Northern Negev, Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

Three Greek inscriptions were discovered within a small coenobium at Giv‘ot Bar in the northern Negev. One was set in a mosaic pavement in the chapel, and the other two were painted in red ink on building blocks found in the debris near the entrance to the chapel. The mosaic inscription mentions a string of names, probably of the monks who cared for the laying of the mosaic pavement in the chapel, or perhaps for the foundation of the coenobium. The two other inscriptions are epitaphs, indicating that the chapel was also used for burial. One epitaph mentions a date …


A Byzantine-Period Monastery And Farmhouse In Nahal Pehar (Giv‘Ot Bar), In The Northern Negev, Nir-Shimshon Paran Jan 2025

A Byzantine-Period Monastery And Farmhouse In Nahal Pehar (Giv‘Ot Bar), In The Northern Negev, Nir-Shimshon Paran

'Atiqot

A Byzantine-period monastery and farmhouse were uncovered on the southwestern bank of Naḥal Peḥar, within the modern settlement of Giv‘ot Bar, in the northern Negev. The monastery was well-preserved, attesting to the daily life of the monks in the Negev in the Byzantine period. It was paved with poorly executed mosaic floors, probably laid by the monks themselves. Most of the finds in the monastery were uncovered on the floors, attesting to its orderly abandonment in the late Byzantine or beginning of the Umayyad period (sixth–seventh centuries CE). The monastery seems to have belonged to the widespread ecclesiastical system documented …


Intermediate Bronze Age Fauna From A Suspected Cultic Area At Nahal RefaʼIm, Liora Kolska Horwitz Jan 2025

Intermediate Bronze Age Fauna From A Suspected Cultic Area At Nahal RefaʼIm, Liora Kolska Horwitz

'Atiqot

A small assemblage of faunal remains was recovered from four archaeological contexts excavated on the northern bank of Naḥal Refaʼim. These include Bronze Age rock-cut pits (Area 100), a structure (Area 300), a burial cave (Area 500) and an Ottoman-period shomera (Area 400). The remains represent almost exclusively domestic taxa—sheep, goat, cattle and donkey—some of which exhibit butchery marks, other modifications or burning. The faunal assemblage from the pits, together with other complementary data, may attest that the pits were used as favissae (cultic storage pits) associated with ritual activities at the site.


Early Bronze Age Iv/Intermediate Bronze Age Flint Artifacts From Nahal Refa’Im, Hamoudi Khalaily Jan 2025

Early Bronze Age Iv/Intermediate Bronze Age Flint Artifacts From Nahal Refa’Im, Hamoudi Khalaily

'Atiqot

A small collection of twelve Canaanean sickle blades was retrieved from the excavation at Naḥal Refaʼim. Six tools, two cores and four flakes were found, the majority of which were made of local flint of the Meshash Formation.


Intermediate Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age Ii And Iron Age Ii Pottery From Nahal Refa’Im, Lilly Gershuny Jan 2025

Intermediate Bronze Age, Middle Bronze Age Ii And Iron Age Ii Pottery From Nahal Refa’Im, Lilly Gershuny

'Atiqot

The pottery assemblage from the Naḥal Refa’im site originated in three different archaeological contexts: pits, structure(s) and a burial cave. These findings attest that the main period of occupation was during the Intermediate Bronze Age. One pit may have been reused for burial in Middle Bronze Age II, and the burial cave was visited in Iron Age II, possibly by the inhabitants of nearby Khirbat er-Ras.


Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Settlement Remains, Domestic Worship, Pits And Burial Practices In Nahal RefaʼIm, Jerusalem, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Alexander Onn Jan 2025

Intermediate And Middle Bronze Age Settlement Remains, Domestic Worship, Pits And Burial Practices In Nahal RefaʼIm, Jerusalem, Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Alexander Onn

'Atiqot

Excavations on the northern bank of the Refa’im Valley uncovered four sites: a shaft tomb and building remains with a standing stone dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age; a concentration of eight pits dating to the Intermediate Bronze Age and the Middle Bronze Age II; and an Ottoman-period agricultural watchtower. The building remains and installations were probably part of the Intermediate Bronze Age settlement along Naḥal Refa’im. The standing stone’s prominent location, and the large concentration of pits and installations near it, may support its identification with domestic worship. The thin fill at the bottom of some of the pits …


Graffiti And Other Evidence Of Bulgarian Pilgrimage To Jerusalem In The Ottoman Period: A Photographic Survey, Michael Chernin, Shai Halevi Jan 2025

Graffiti And Other Evidence Of Bulgarian Pilgrimage To Jerusalem In The Ottoman Period: A Photographic Survey, Michael Chernin, Shai Halevi

'Atiqot

This paper presents the results of a photographic survey of graffiti inscriptions on the walls of Greek Orthodox monasteries in the Old City of Jerusalem and its vicinity, dating from the Ottoman period. A unique methodology of multispectral and RTI imaging was applied to document the inscriptions, bringing to light evidence of the presence of Bulgarian pilgrims in these monasteries. Based on the corpus of inscriptions presented herein, previously documented contemporary graffiti in other Greek Orthodox compounds and historical sources, we were able to historically identify specific people and their places of origin, further allowing us to reconstruct the Bulgarian …


Sixth–Seventh-Century Ce Armenian Inscriptions Of A Monastic Community In Jerusalem, Michael E. Stone Jan 2025

Sixth–Seventh-Century Ce Armenian Inscriptions Of A Monastic Community In Jerusalem, Michael E. Stone

'Atiqot

Excavations in the Musrara neighborhood of Jerusalem uncovered four Armenian inscriptions within a monastic complex founded in the fifth–sixth centuries CE. The inscriptions were found on a mosaic floor, on tombstones and on a large pottery bowl, and together with the Birds Mosaic, they probably formed part of one monastic complex, in which Armenians played a significant role. As there is no hint in the historical sources of the existence of this complex, the archaeological discovery contributes new historical information concerning the Christian, and particularly Armenian settlement in Jerusalem in the seventh century CE.


Light-Microscopic And Spectroscopic Analyses Of The Skin Materials Used In The Tefillin And Mezuzah Slips From The Judean Desert, Yonatan Adler, Theresa Emmerich Kamper Jan 2025

Light-Microscopic And Spectroscopic Analyses Of The Skin Materials Used In The Tefillin And Mezuzah Slips From The Judean Desert, Yonatan Adler, Theresa Emmerich Kamper

'Atiqot

Among the Dead Sea Scrolls is an assemblage of ancient tefillin and mezuzah slips—ritual artifacts composed of thin animal skins inscribed with passages from the Pentateuch. This paper presents the results of light-microscopic and spectroscopic analyses conducted on 26 tefillin and 8 mezuzot from the Judean Desert caves. These analyses provide the first opportunity to identify the following characteristics on these artifacts: animal species; skin thickness; skin layers present; tannage; side/s of skin with writing. In time, these characteristics took on ritual significance, especially in later rabbinic halakhah. A significant finding is that the ancient tefillin analyzed here were all …


Nysa-Scythopolis: Founding Cults, Gods And Emperors, Gabriel Mazor, Walid Atrash Jan 2025

Nysa-Scythopolis: Founding Cults, Gods And Emperors, Gabriel Mazor, Walid Atrash

'Atiqot

Founding narratives, rendered by historical sources and inscriptions, established the traditional ethnicity of Greco-Roman poleis and validated the early origins of their cultic practices. At Nysa-Scythopolis, this narrative was consolidated in the obscure name of the polis, bestowed at the time of its early Hellenistic founding. To better understand the city’s name and its traditional cults practiced in the various temples, historical sources and inscriptions from the site were studied, revealing the founding narrative related to the triad-legend of Dionysos, Nysa and Zeus and its cultic practice. Meaningful and significant, the founding narrative and its cult integrated gods and emperors …


An Iron Age Iib–C Hebrew Stamp Seal With Apotropaic And Prophylactic Properties From The Southwestern Corner Of The Temple Mount, Jerusalem, Filip Vukosavović, Ronny Reich, Navot Rom, Yuval Baruch Jan 2025

An Iron Age Iib–C Hebrew Stamp Seal With Apotropaic And Prophylactic Properties From The Southwestern Corner Of The Temple Mount, Jerusalem, Filip Vukosavović, Ronny Reich, Navot Rom, Yuval Baruch

'Atiqot

An Iron Age Hebrew iconic stamp seal was uncovered near the southwestern corner of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. The seal, made of black stone, depicts a winged genie and a personal name, Yehoʽezer son of Hoshaʽyahu. This is the first depiction of the winged genie iconography in the region found in an archaeological excavation. Influenced by Neo-Assyrian art, the seal was created in Jerusalem by a local artist for Hoshaʽyahu, a member of the Judean elite, during the Assyrian Century. Later on, the seal was inherited by his son, Yehoʽezer. In addition to being used as a stamp, the …


Evidence Of Worship In The Rock-Cut Rooms On The Eastern Slope Of The City Of David, Jerusalem, Eli Shukron, Liora Freud, Helena Roth, Reli Avisar, Efrat Bocher Jan 2025

Evidence Of Worship In The Rock-Cut Rooms On The Eastern Slope Of The City Of David, Jerusalem, Eli Shukron, Liora Freud, Helena Roth, Reli Avisar, Efrat Bocher

'Atiqot

This paper presents the finds retrieved from a unique series of rock-cut rooms found on the eastern slope of the City of David. These rock-cut rooms stand out in terms of their architectural features, as well as the artifacts discovered within them, all of which reflect on their function as a cultic complex, likely constructed in the Middle Bronze Age, with its final stage in Iron Age IIB. This complex offers profound evidence for the diversity of cultic practices in the capital of the Kingdom of Judah.


Figurines And Their Makers: A View From A Canaanite Cultic Enclosure At Tel Burna, Jon Ross, Itzhaq Shai Jan 2025

Figurines And Their Makers: A View From A Canaanite Cultic Enclosure At Tel Burna, Jon Ross, Itzhaq Shai

'Atiqot

Plaque figurines are a well-established Canaanite tradition of the Late Bronze Age Southern Levant. In this paper, we go beyond typology to consider who made these ritual objects at Tel Burna, based on impressions of fingerprints from shaping these figurines using an open mold. The lack of care exhibited on the backs and sides of the plaques has enabled a fingerprint analysis using proven biometric methods to clarify the demographics of their producers and the division of labor. Such analyses, when possible, potentially add another dimension to existing debates over how these cultic objects functioned in society, who made them …


Go Figure: The Unique Trajectories Of Figurine Use And Religious Ideologies In The Middle- And Late-Bronze Age Southern Levant, Matthew Susnow, Joe Uziel Jan 2025

Go Figure: The Unique Trajectories Of Figurine Use And Religious Ideologies In The Middle- And Late-Bronze Age Southern Levant, Matthew Susnow, Joe Uziel

'Atiqot

This article explores the differences between cultic practices and religious ideologies as expressed in the material culture of the Middle and Late Bronze Ages in the Southern Levant. Whereas the periods share much in common in terms of material culture and political organization, we suggest that the cultic practices in the earlier period were dictated by elite ideologies aiming at social inclusion, unity, integration and group cohesion, while the Late Bronze Age viewed the distribution of such paraphernalia, particularly ceramic female figurines, as domestic in nature.