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Voltaire's Convincement, Raymond Ayoub Oct 2014

Voltaire's Convincement, Raymond Ayoub

Quaker Studies

The aim of this essay is to trace the evolution of Voltaire's perspective toward Quakers and Quakerism during the course of his life. The record begins when in 1726 he was forced into exile and chose to go to England. In the course of his three-year stay there, he wrote letters to his friend-letters which were published in 1733 in English under the title 'Letters Concerning the English Nation' and in French with the title 'Lettres Philosophiques'. Four of the 25 letters are devoted to Quakerism. We endeavour to depict, through his writing, Voltaire's changing attitude toward Quakerism from one …


Bayard Rustin: An Annotated Bibliography Of Materials Relating To Rustin As A Quaker And Peace Activist, Buzz Haughton Oct 2014

Bayard Rustin: An Annotated Bibliography Of Materials Relating To Rustin As A Quaker And Peace Activist, Buzz Haughton

Quaker Studies

Although Bayard Rustin was one of the most important leaders of the American civil rights movement from the advent of its modern period in the 1950s until well into the 1980s, his name was seldom mentioned; he received comparatively little press or media attention, and others' names were usually much more readily associated with the movement than his was. His was a behind-the-scenes role that, for all its importance, never garnered Rustin the public acclaim he deserved. Rustin's homosexuality and early communist affiliation probably meant that the importance of his contribution to the civil rights and peace movements would never …


Aesthetics In Science, As Practised By Quakers In The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries, Geoffrey Cantor Oct 2014

Aesthetics In Science, As Practised By Quakers In The Eighteenth And Nineteenth Centuries, Geoffrey Cantor

Quaker Studies

Drawing on examples from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, it will be argued that the sciences - but particularly observational sciences such as astronomy, botany and meteorology - were highly acceptable to Quakers. Moreover, the study of nature was vested with an aesthetic that emphasised God as the Creator of nature and of order and beauty in the natural world. While many wealthy Quakers participated in these sciences, botany also provided employment for Quakers from less affiuent backgrounds. Hence a number Quakers made careers as botanical lecturers, writers, publishers and illustrators. The role of the botanical illustrator is explored to …