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Full-Text Articles in Biblical Studies
The Excavation At Khirbat El-Batiya (Triangulation Spot 819) (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 197–198), Hanaa Abu ‘Uqsa
The Excavation At Khirbat El-Batiya (Triangulation Spot 819) (Hebrew, Pp. 21*–28*; English Summary, Pp. 197–198), Hanaa Abu ‘Uqsa
'Atiqot
The western part of a large building was exposed, dating to the end of the Byzantine period. Two main strata were observed (I, II). Stratum Ia included the remains of a dry-built building, constructed from finely dressed limestone blocks arranged in headers and stretchers. The floors were paved with stone slabs, and the walls were probably coated with plaster. The finds from this phase date to the fifth–sixth centuries CE. Stratum Ib represents slight modifications that were carried out in the building. In Stratum II the building continued to be used, mainly in the southern part. A jug and a …
Coins From Messillot (P. 93), Donald Ariel
Coins From Messillot (P. 93), Donald Ariel
'Atiqot
Fourteen coins were found in the excavation; all but one, which is gold, are copper. The coins appear to reflect occupation at the site in the fourth century CE and in the Umayyad period.
Excavations At Khirbat Marmita (Pp. 139–178), Lilly Gershuny
Excavations At Khirbat Marmita (Pp. 139–178), Lilly Gershuny
'Atiqot
Three building complexes were uncovered at the site, as well as various installations that were quarried into bedrock. The buildings date from the first half of the first century BCE (Building 20/23), from the Hellenistic–Early Roman period (Building 84) and from the Herodian period (c. 30 to at least 67 CE; Building 104). Among the installations were five simple winepresses, typical of the Roman and Byzantine periods; a lever-and-weights oil press; cisterns with square or circular shafts; 33 cupmarks; caves; quarries; and a miqweh. The finds include pottery vessels, stone and basalt vases, glass vessels and metal artifacts. It seems …
The Coins From Khirbat Marmita (P. 179), Helena Sokolov
The Coins From Khirbat Marmita (P. 179), Helena Sokolov
'Atiqot
Five coins were found at Khirbat Marmita, all of bronze. Three of the coins date to the reigns of Antiochus VII, Alexander Jannaeus and Nero; one is from the second year of the Jewish Revolt; and one is from the fifth century CE.
A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 65–128), Raz Kletter
A Middle Bronze Age Ii Site West Of Tell Qasille (Pp. 65–128), Raz Kletter
'Atiqot
The site remains comprise a cemetery, two pottery kilns and a settlement dating to Middle Bronze Age II. Ten burials were excavated, all except one (T800) were rectangular pit-graves dug into kurkar sandstone. Each grave contained one to three individuals; T800, which was round, contained seven individuals in secondary deposition. The average grave assemblage comprised about ten pottery vessels, which were usually placed in a row next to one long side of the burial. The pottery kilns are almost identical in size, direction and structure. They are of the vertical type, with two main superimposed parts: a combustion chamber and …
Naḥal Tut (Site Viii): A Fortified Storage Depot From The Late Fourth Century Bce (Pp. 131–189), Yardenna Alexandre
Naḥal Tut (Site Viii): A Fortified Storage Depot From The Late Fourth Century Bce (Pp. 131–189), Yardenna Alexandre
'Atiqot
Excavations at the site revealed a large building complex, comprising casemate walls built on bedrock around a large central courtyard with corner towers. It was a well-planned and well-fortified complex, located at a strategic point. The complex was occupied for a brief period of time, at the very end of the Persian (Achaemenid) period and the very beginning of the Hellenistic period (c. 350–325 BCE). It was destroyed by a violent destruction, which claimed human victims. The destruction was dated by a single bronze coin of Alexander III to 336–323 BCE. The pottery finds at the site were homogenous, including …
Coins From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 71–88), Donald T. Ariel
Coins From Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 71–88), Donald T. Ariel
'Atiqot
Thirty-eight coins were found in the excavation on the Northern Hill at Tel Mikhal, 33 were identified: 18 isolated coins, and 15 coins that formed part of a Persian-period hoard. The isolated coins are mainly of the Persian period, probably deriving from one phase of occupation that began in the second quarter of the fourth century BCE. The war between Ptolemy I and Antigonus possibly marks the end of the Persian stratum. The later numismatic evidence at the site indicates that the Northern Hill may have been occupied only during the Seleucid period. The hoard comprises Athenian-style tetradrachms, dating to …
The 1996 Excavations Along The Northern Hill At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 1–19), Amir Gorzalczany
The 1996 Excavations Along The Northern Hill At Tel Mikhal (Tel Michal) (Pp. 1–19), Amir Gorzalczany
'Atiqot
Excavations on the Northern Hill at Tel Mikhal revealed rich finds, in stark contrast with the poorly preserved and scant architectural remains. The earliest settlement here dates to prehistoric times, continuing into the Middle Bronze Age, when a ceramic industry operated at the site. In the Iron Age, settlement was sporadic, and mainly winepresses were unearthed. Toward the end of the Persian period, the area functioned as an industrial area for pottery production and a metal industry, as well as an area for storage and commerce. In the Hellenistic period, the site was also used for industry and storage. No …
The Coins From Ben Gamli’El Street, Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 459–460), Robert Kool
The Coins From Ben Gamli’El Street, Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 459–460), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Seven coins were retrieved from Hellenistic Stratum III on Ben Gamli’el Street, four were identified and dated to the third–first centuries BCE. These coins circulated at a time when the port city of Yafo was part of the Seleucid and Ptolemaic Empires, which operated a trade network along the Palestinian–Phoenician coast.
The Coins From The Magen Avraham Compound, Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 355–362), Robert Kool
The Coins From The Magen Avraham Compound, Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 355–362), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
A total of 45 coins were unearthed in the Magen Avraham Compound, 34 of which were identified. The coins date from the Early Roman (first century CE), Byzantine, Early Islamic, Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk, Ottoman and British Mandate periods. These finds represent the typical repertoire of coins that have previously been found in Yafo.
Remains From The Hellenistic Through The Late Ottoman–British Mandate Periods In The Magen Avraham Compound, Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 245–277), Yoav Arbel, Lior Rauchberger
Remains From The Hellenistic Through The Late Ottoman–British Mandate Periods In The Magen Avraham Compound, Yafo (Jaffa) (Pp. 245–277), Yoav Arbel, Lior Rauchberger
'Atiqot
The excavation in the Magen Avraham Compound exposed the remains of Yafo’s agricultural hinterland during the Hellenistic, Byzantine and Crusader periods. Seven strata were exposed, including a single Hellenistic-period wall, a Byzantine-period industrial (wine?) press of unusual size, Ottoman-period graves, a large late Ottoman-period well house and an irrigation channel. Most of the pottery found in fill accumulations throughout the compound dated to the Byzantine period, including mainly storage jars. Small ceramic assemblages from the Hellenistic, Roman, Early Islamic and Crusader periods, mostly unrelated to structures, were also found. The structures uncovered here furnish important insights regarding the historical development …
The Coins From The Excavation At Pi Maẓuva (Hebrew, Pp. 67*–69*; English Summary, P. 188), Gabriela Bijovsky
The Coins From The Excavation At Pi Maẓuva (Hebrew, Pp. 67*–69*; English Summary, P. 188), Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
Eight bronze coins were found at Pi Maẓuva, six of which were identified. Except for one, dating from the reign of Constantine I (fourth century CE), all the coins date to the Byzantine and Early Islamic periods: one half follis of Anastasius I (507–512 CE), two coins of Emperor Heraclius (629/630 CE), one Arab-Byzantine coin and an Umayyad post-reform fals, dating from the eighth century CE.
Dwellings From The Byzantine Period At Pi Maẓuva In The Western Galilee (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Hebrew, Pp. 31*–39*; English Summary, Pp. 182–183), Gilad Cinamon, Yoav Lerer
Dwellings From The Byzantine Period At Pi Maẓuva In The Western Galilee (With A Contribution By Danny Syon) (Hebrew, Pp. 31*–39*; English Summary, Pp. 182–183), Gilad Cinamon, Yoav Lerer
'Atiqot
The excavation at Pi Maẓuva revealed building complexes, some separated by an alley, dating from the Byzantine period. The finds at the site included a bronze cross, an ashlar limestone lintel with a cross engraving, and pottery dated to the sixth–seventh centuries CE, which comprised local types, alongside many imported ones, some adorned with crosses. An interesting find is a high-quality, colorful, seventh-century CE mosaic floor adorned with floral motifs, animal and human figures, and two fragmentary Greek inscriptions. The finds at the site point to the existence of a rural Christian settlement, probably destroyed during the Persian conquest of …
The Coins From Miska (Pp. 169–171), Robert Kool
The Coins From Miska (Pp. 169–171), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Eleven coins were found at Miska, five of which were identified: a bronze coin from the reign of Trebonianus Gallus (251–253 CE); two early Byzantine bronze nummi; a copper follis of the Byzantine emperor Heraclius I (610/611 CE), issued in the imperial mint of Cyzicus; and a Mamluk fals.
Coins From The Early Islamic-Period Residential Quarter Northwest Of Tel Lod (Pp. 157–170), Gabriela Bijovsky
Coins From The Early Islamic-Period Residential Quarter Northwest Of Tel Lod (Pp. 157–170), Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
A total of 163 coins were discovered in the excavation northwest of Tel Lod. All the coins are bronze, except for two billon dirhams, three silver dirhams and a lead Fatimid coin. Coins dating from the transitional Arab-Byzantine period to the Early Islamic period (Umayyad and Abbasid) constitute the bulk of the numismatic evidence at the site.
An Early Islamic-Period Residential Quarter Northwest Of Tel Lod (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–48*; English Summary, Pp. 173–175), Elie Haddad
An Early Islamic-Period Residential Quarter Northwest Of Tel Lod (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–48*; English Summary, Pp. 173–175), Elie Haddad
'Atiqot
Four areas were excavated northwest of Tel Lod (Areas A–D), exposing remains from three strata: Stratum III, dating from the late Byzantine to the Umayyad periods (sixth–eighth centuries CE; Stratum II, dating to the Abbasid period (eighth–tenth centuries CE)—the primary layer at the site; and Stratum I, dating from the medieval period—from the end of the Crusader to the beginning of the Mamluk period (second half of the thirteenth century CE). The plans of the Stratum II buildings are uniform, probably alluding to a well-planned residential quarter during the Abbasid period. The finds from Stratum II include pottery, glass and …
The Coins From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 155–223), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman
The Coins From The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (Pp. 155–223), Robert Kool, Ariel Berman
'Atiqot
A total of 666 coins were unearthed in the excavation of the densely populated medieval neighborhood of al-Waṭṭa, Safed, including isolated coin finds and two hoards. One hoard (A) comprises 125 Mamluk silver dirhams and Venetian grossi, which were concealed together in an earthenware money box, and the other, smaller hoard (B), comprises 33 copper fulus. The distribution pattern of the coin types and mints provides previously unknown details concerning the use and circulation of coins within the Mamluk state, between the fourteenth and early sixteenth centuries CE.
Remains From The Mamluk Period In The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (With A Contribution By Oded Katz) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–95*; English Summary, Pp. 271–275), Edna Dalali-Amos, Nimrod Getzov
Remains From The Mamluk Period In The Al-Waṭṭa Quarter, Safed (Ẓefat) (With A Contribution By Oded Katz) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–95*; English Summary, Pp. 271–275), Edna Dalali-Amos, Nimrod Getzov
'Atiqot
The excavation on the western slope of the city of Safed revealed building remains of the Mamluk-period neighborhood of al-Waṭṭa (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries CE). Four strata were documented: Stratum IV, including pre-Mamluk remains; Stratum III, the main occupation layer, including dense building remains of a Mamluk-period neighborhood; Stratum II, a layer of debris within and between the Stratum III buildings; and Stratum I, a post-occupation layer. Stratum III came to a dramatic end in the first or second decade of the fifteenth century CE, probably due to an earthquake. Many pottery vessels, as well as glass vessels, coins, and metal and …
The Coins From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 205–208), Robert Kool
The Coins From Kefar Gabirol, El-Qubeibe (Pp. 205–208), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Ten coins were discovered during the excavation at Kefar Gabirol, el-Qubeibe, all of which were identified. The earliest coin is a Mamluk copper fals and the most recent coin is a 5 agorot piece from 1986. Most of the coins are from the late Ottoman period, the British Mandate and post-1948 State of Israel. Two nineteenth-century brass tokens from Nuremberg, Germany, seem to have been employed from the seventeenth century onward in Palestine.
Kefar Gabirol: El-Qubeibe In The Late Ottoman Period (With A Contribution By Alexander Glick) (Hebrew, Pp. 1*–16*; English Summary, Pp. 225–226), Eriola Jakoel
'Atiqot
The excavation at Kefar Gabirol revealed the remains of the Arab village el-Qubeibe, dating from the Ottoman period and the days of the British Mandate. Four adjacent architectural units were exposed, mostly preserved to their foundation course. The finds include local and imported pottery vessels, glass vessels, stone objects, metal finds, coins, animal bones and military artifacts. The proximity of the architectural units points to a dense rural settlement, and the various installations are domestic in nature.
The Coins From Mazor (Pp. 125–128), Donald T. Ariel
The Coins From Mazor (Pp. 125–128), Donald T. Ariel
'Atiqot
Twenty-eight coins were recovered from Mazor, nineteen of them were identified: one, from the Hellenistic period; one, issued by Herod the Great (first century CE); five, from the fourth century CE; four, from the fifth, and perhaps sixth century CE; two from the fifteenth century; two from the seventeenth–eighteenth centuries; two from the third quarter of the nineteenth century; and two, from just before World War I.
Remains From The Byzantine To The Late Ottoman–British Mandate Periods At Mazor (Pp. 67–123), Itamar Taxel, David Amit
Remains From The Byzantine To The Late Ottoman–British Mandate Periods At Mazor (Pp. 67–123), Itamar Taxel, David Amit
'Atiqot
The excavations at Mazor yielded architectural remains from the Byzantine and late Ottoman–British Mandate periods, and poor remains from the Early Islamic and Mamluk–early Ottoman periods; the Hellenistic and Early Roman periods are represented by small finds only. Three buildings were exposed, typical of the Byzantine period in the region (mid-fifth–early sixth centuries CE), which belonged to either a private estate or an agricultural monastery. The settlement probably formed part of the eastern hinterland of the urban center at Lod (Lydda/Diospolis). The next substantial phase at the site began in the Ottoman period (eighteenth century CE), with the establishment of …
Coins From Yafo (Jaffa), Yehuda Ha-Yammit Street (Pp. 197–199), Robert Kool
Coins From Yafo (Jaffa), Yehuda Ha-Yammit Street (Pp. 197–199), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Eight coins were found in the excavations on Yehuda Ha-Yammit Street in Yafo, four of which were identified. The coins range in date from the Byzantine period (beginning of the fourth century CE) to the mid-thirteenth century CE. Two of the later medieval-period coins are of interest: a copper tank of the Armenian ruler Levon I, minted in Sis, and the other, a fals dated to the reign of Al-Naṣir Yusuf II, the Ayyubid ruler of Damascus in the mid-thirteenth century CE.
The Coins From Ben Shemen (Pp.187–189), Gabriela Bijovsky
The Coins From Ben Shemen (Pp.187–189), Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
Sixteen coins were discovered during the excavation at Ben Shemen, ten of them were identified. The coins include two Hasmonean pruṭot, an autonomous issue minted in the city of Philadelphia (Rabbat Amon) and seven Late Roman minimi of the fourth and fifth centuries CE.
The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 121–127), Donald T. Ariel
The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 121–127), Donald T. Ariel
'Atiqot
Some 16 coins were found in the excavation of Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat, 14 of which were identified. The coins date from the Hellenistic, Byzantine and Mamluk periods. Of interest are two coins: a coin of Demetrius III from the mint of Damascus, probably reflecting the king’s presence in the northern part of the country, and an issue of Commodus from the mint of Adraa in the Decapolis.
The Coins From Khirbat Burin (Pp. 245–250), Donald T. Ariel, Ariel Berman
The Coins From Khirbat Burin (Pp. 245–250), Donald T. Ariel, Ariel Berman
'Atiqot
The coins found at Khirbat Burin range in date from the Seleucid through the Mamlūk periods. The excavations yielded coins of the Byzantine (sixth–seventh centuries CE) and Early Islamic (eighth–twelfth centuries CE) periods, which heretofore have not been documented at the site.
Ḥorbat Basha: A Roman–Byzantine-Period Site In The Hinterland Of Ashqelon (Hebrew, Pp. 25*–69*; English Summary, Pp. 166–168), Ilan Peretz
'Atiqot
The salvage excavation conducted at Ḥorbat Basha exposed traces of a building, walls, floors and habitation levels from the Roman period (second–late third/early fourth centuries CE), as well as two phases of a simple and complex winepress with secondary surfaces, dating to the Late Roman–Byzantine periods (late third/early fourth–sixth centuries CE). The finds include potsherds, glass fragments and coins. The site is part of an array of settlements in Ashqelon’s agricultural hinterland, whose occupants evidently produced wine. Ḥorbat Basha underwent abandonment and destruction during the late Byzantine period, probably following a local large-scale disaster, such as a plague in the …
The Coins From Ḥorbat Basha (Pp. 65–71), Gabriela Bijovsky
The Coins From Ḥorbat Basha (Pp. 65–71), Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
The excavations at Ḥorbat Basha yielded 53 coins, 24 of which were identified. All the coins are bronze, except for a silver fraction of a dirham. The bulk of the numismatic evidence comprises Late Roman minimi, dating from the first quarter of the fourth century until the mid-fifth century CE; five were discovered at the bottom of a collecting vat of a winepress. The absence of sixth-century CE coins at the site stands in contrast to the abundance of pottery and glass vessels from this period—a phenomenon previously recorded at other sites in the region.
The Coins From The Eastern Circus At Caesarea Maritima (Pp. 161–166), Gabriela Bijovsky
The Coins From The Eastern Circus At Caesarea Maritima (Pp. 161–166), Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
During the excavations at the Eastern Circus, 44 coins were discovered, 31 of which were identifiable. The coins range in date from the first until the ninth century CE. All the Roman Provincial coins discovered at the site were struck in Caesarea.
The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 83–92), Gabriela Bijovsky
The Coins From Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat (Pp. 83–92), Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
This article constitutes a report on the numismatic finds from the IAA 2008 excavations at Ḥorbat ‘Ofrat, as well as on a hoard found near the site in 1962, and another small hoard discovered at the same spot in 1972. In the 2008 excavation, 31 bronze coins, 6 of which were unidentifiable, were found, predominately dating to the fourth century CE (Stratum IV). Three coins precede this period: a ‘year two’ pruṭa of the Jewish War and two antoniniani of Gallienus and his wife Salonina. The 1962 hoard dates from the mid-fourth century CE. The coins from the 1972 excavation …