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Articles 121 - 150 of 1652

Full-Text Articles in Religion

A Byzantine Monastery In Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 49–82), Yehiel Zelinger, Hervé Barbé Jan 2025

A Byzantine Monastery In Naḥal Qidron, Jerusalem (Pp. 49–82), Yehiel Zelinger, Hervé Barbé

'Atiqot

A salvageexcavation was conducted on the lowerwestern slope of a high hill east of NaḥalQidron, Jerusalem. The remains wereidentified as a Byzantine monastery.Most of the site washighly disturbed by construction activities andwas excavated as one large unit,including two courtyards, northern and southern, the rooms surrounding them on the north andsouth, and anundergroundburial complex in the east.The finds––pottery, roof tiles, glassand mosaic floors––date to the Byzantine–EarlyIslamic periods, up to the eighth century CE.Fragments of a few ossuaries date to the EarlyRoman period, but they lack a clear stratigraphiccontext. The monastic complex belongs to theone-story coenobium type that flourished inthe Judean Desert …

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A Church And Agricultural Installations South Of Moshav Ha-Bonim (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–42*; English Summary, Pp. 155–156), Uzi 'Ad Jan 2025

A Church And Agricultural Installations South Of Moshav Ha-Bonim (Hebrew, Pp. 9*–42*; English Summary, Pp. 155–156), Uzi 'Ad

'Atiqot

Three areas (A–C) were excavated, comprising four occupation layers dating from the first–second centuries CE, the third–fourth centuries CE, the fifth century CE and the seventh–eighth centuries CE. A trefoil-apsed church dating to the fifth century CE was exposed in Area B. The apse was built over a crypt that most probably contained the remains of martyrs or saints. The finds recovered from the church include pottery, glass, coins, marble fragments of a table and columns, attesting that it was in use until the Muslim conquest of the country in the seventh century CE. In Area A, complex winepresses, quarries …

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Remains From Iron Age Iib Until The Ottoman Period At I‘Billin (Hebrew, Pp. 91*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 110–111), Rafeh Abu-Raya Jan 2025

Remains From Iron Age Iib Until The Ottoman Period At I‘Billin (Hebrew, Pp. 91*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 110–111), Rafeh Abu-Raya

'Atiqot

Three excavations in the village of I‘billin (Areas A–C) yielded 13 occupation layers, dating from Iron Age IIB to the Ottoman period. The remains from the Early and Middle Roman periods (Strata X–IX) include a ritual bath (miqweh) and an underground hiding complex, indicating that a Jewish settlement existed at the site. The Byzantine period (Stratum VII) is represented by architectural remains, as well as by imported bowls from Phoenicia, Cyprus and North Africa. Of special note is an ashlar engraved with the tree of life, which was found in secondary use in a Mamluk-period floor.

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A Mosaic Floor In The Church Of Bishop Johannes At Ḥorbat Barqa, Gan Yavne (Hebrew, Pp. 89*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 129–132), Lihi Habas Jan 2025

A Mosaic Floor In The Church Of Bishop Johannes At Ḥorbat Barqa, Gan Yavne (Hebrew, Pp. 89*–126*; English Summary, Pp. 129–132), Lihi Habas

'Atiqot

Mosaic pavements were uncovered in the nave and in the atrium of the Church of Bishop Johannes at Ḥorbat Barqa. Of the mosaic carpet in the nave nine rows were preserved; a large central medallion containing a circle of harmony and another large medallion with a dedicatory inscription emphasize its main axis. The mosaic is decorated with vine scrolls populated with still life objects, fauna, birds and daily scenes, alongside motifs with of religious significance. The mosaic floor, made in a flat, schematic style, is similar in style, composition and iconography to mosaic floors from the early sixth century CE …

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Fragments Of Liturgical Furniture From The Church Of Bishop Johannes At Ḥorbat Barqa, Gan Yavne (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–141*; English Summary, Pp. 133–135), Lihi Habas Jan 2025

Fragments Of Liturgical Furniture From The Church Of Bishop Johannes At Ḥorbat Barqa, Gan Yavne (Hebrew, Pp. 127*–141*; English Summary, Pp. 133–135), Lihi Habas

'Atiqot

The excavation at Ḥorbat Barqa yielded fragments of marble liturgical furniture belonging to an altar table, two chancel-screen panels—one solid and one with a lace pattern—as well as a silver-plated bronze cross with holes, which was probably inlaid in an architectural element. Based on parallels, the chancel screens seem to have been decorated with the stephanos composition (stephanostaurion), which symbolizes Christ, the redemption and the salvation that he brought, and the triumph over death. The liturgical area of the apse and the bema were not preserved; however, the altar-table fragments and the chancel screens provide evidence for their existence.

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The Church Of Bishop Johannes At Ḥorbat Barqa, Gan Yavne (With A Contribution By Leah Di Segni) (Hebrew, Pp. 79*–88*; English Summary, P. 128), Ofer Sion Jan 2025

The Church Of Bishop Johannes At Ḥorbat Barqa, Gan Yavne (With A Contribution By Leah Di Segni) (Hebrew, Pp. 79*–88*; English Summary, P. 128), Ofer Sion

'Atiqot

A Byzantine church was uncovered at the site. It was divided by two rows of pillars into a nave and two narrow aisles, and was entered from an atrium in the west via three openings. The nave was paved with a colored mosaic, of which nine rows were uncovered. The central vertical row contained a Greek dedicatory inscription, which dates the erection of the church to the time of Bishop Johannes in 511/12 CE. Fragments of liturgical furniture were found scattered in the nave, together with pottery fragments and roof tiles. This church is an important contribution to our understanding …

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Glass Vessels From The Monastery At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 199–204), Natalya Katsnelson Jan 2025

Glass Vessels From The Monastery At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 199–204), Natalya Katsnelson

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Bishop Iohane From Khirbat Umm Leisun And The Caucasian Albanian Church (Pp. 195–197), Yana Tchekhanovets Jan 2025

Bishop Iohane From Khirbat Umm Leisun And The Caucasian Albanian Church (Pp. 195–197), Yana Tchekhanovets

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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The Inscription From Khirbat Umm Leisun, And Georgian Presence In The Holy Land (Pp. 185–193), Tamila Mgaloblishvili Jan 2025

The Inscription From Khirbat Umm Leisun, And Georgian Presence In The Holy Land (Pp. 185–193), Tamila Mgaloblishvili

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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Paleographic Study Of The Georgian Tombstone From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 181–184), Giorgi Gagoshidze Jan 2025

Paleographic Study Of The Georgian Tombstone From Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (Pp. 181–184), Giorgi Gagoshidze

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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A Georgian Monastery From The Byzantine Period At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Jon Seligman And Iulon Gagoshidze) (Pp. 145–179), Jon Seligman Jan 2025

A Georgian Monastery From The Byzantine Period At Khirbat Umm Leisun, Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Jon Seligman And Iulon Gagoshidze) (Pp. 145–179), Jon Seligman

'Atiqot

No abstract provided.

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New Archaeological Finds From Kursi-Gergesa (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 175–197), Vassilios Tzaferis Jan 2025

New Archaeological Finds From Kursi-Gergesa (With A Contribution By Gabriela Bijovsky) (Pp. 175–197), Vassilios Tzaferis

'Atiqot

Two areas were opened (Areas C, D), exposing a stepped tunnel, a bathhouse and a cemetery. The stepped tunnel, which was unearthed in the 1970–1971 season of excavations, was found to end in a narrow leveled space, above which was a vaulted entrance leading to a spacious underground room. A compact Roman–Byzantine bathhouse was exposed, comprising five distinct units: a water-supply unit, a heating installation (praefurnium), heated-water pools, a hot room (caldarium) and a cool room (frigidarium). It is evident that the bathhouse was connected to the hostel building excavated in 1970–1971. The pottery from the bathhouse was similar to …

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A Bread Stamp From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Pp. 31–36), Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

A Bread Stamp From Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Pp. 31–36), Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

A pottery bread stamp was discovered in Stratum IV at Ḥorbat Ma‘on, dated to the end of the Byzantine period. The bread stamp has a disk-shaped base and a round knob handle. The handle top is decorated with a cross and the base of the stamp bears a Greek inscription that reads: “Blessing of (Saint?) Stephen”. The inscription indicates that the stamp was used for preparing buns that were handed out at a church as a memento of a visit to that church. It is proposed that the excavated complex at Ḥorbat Ma‘on included a church of St. Stephen and …

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A Byzantine Monastery And Islamic-Period Settlement Remains At Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–62*, English Summary, Pp. 162–163), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Gregory Seriy Jan 2025

A Byzantine Monastery And Islamic-Period Settlement Remains At Ḥorbat Ma‘On (Hebrew, Pp. 13*–62*, English Summary, Pp. 162–163), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Gregory Seriy

'Atiqot

At Ḥorbat Ma‘on, located in the northwestern Negev, three areas were opened (A–C) and six strata (I–VI) were discerned. The strata date from the Late Roman–early Byzantine to the Late Islamic (fourteenth century CE) periods. In Stratum V, dated to the late Byzantine period, a well-planned complex was erected, consisting of several buildings and at least two streets. The finds included local and imported pottery vessels. Gypsum stoppers were found in one of the rooms, two of them bore the embossed forms of a lion and a cross. The architecture and finds from Stratum V indicate that this must have …

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A Byzantine-Period Pendant From The Burial Cave At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Pp. 135–137), Robert Kool Jan 2025

A Byzantine-Period Pendant From The Burial Cave At ‘En Ya‘Al, Jerusalem (Pp. 135–137), Robert Kool

'Atiqot

The pendant was found in the standing pit of the rock-hewn burial cave at ‘En Ya‘al. It is a cast-bronze, double-sided medallion, with two flat loops at opposite sides. A cruciform Greek monogram was incised or engraved on the flat surfaces of the medallion, possibly with the name of the pendant’s owner. Similar pendants were usually religious or amuletic in character. The inscription was engraved on the encircling edge of the medallion. It is a simple invocation, common on rings and bracelets from Byzantine Palestine, in which the owner invokes the name of a saint or holy person for help …

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Remains From The Hellenistic Through The Byzantine Periods At The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 167–222), Yigal Israel, Tali Erickson-Gini Jan 2025

Remains From The Hellenistic Through The Byzantine Periods At The ‘Third Mile Estate’, Ashqelon (Pp. 167–222), Yigal Israel, Tali Erickson-Gini

'Atiqot

The excavation revealed fragmentary evidence of occupation from the Iron Age through the Early Roman period (Area E); five early Gaza-jar kilns from the first–third centuries CE (Area F1); the remains of a well-built installation complex that included a bathhouse, pools, an oil press, two winepresses, several warehouses and a pottery kiln, belonging to a large Byzantine-period (late fourth or early fifth to early seventh centuries CE) agricultural estate (Areas A–C, E); and several Byzantine-period graves and a tomb (Areas A, D). Hellenistic and Early Roman pottery, dating from the third through the first centuries BCE, as well as five …

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Wall Paintings From The Late Roman Or Early Byzantine Period In Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, P. 139), Talila Michaeli Jan 2025

Wall Paintings From The Late Roman Or Early Byzantine Period In Cave 4 At Ben Shemen (Hebrew, Pp. 45*–50*; English Summary, P. 139), Talila Michaeli

'Atiqot

Traces of simple wall paintings, painted in fresco technique with reddish brown paint, were found in Arcosolium Cave 4 at Ben Shemen. The depiction of a wreath might be connected with Christian funerary art, symbolizing the victory of Christ and his believers; however, the wreath may have framed an inscription with the name of the deceased or his portrait. The dating is difficult, since reddish brown monochrome paintings appear in Israel in tombs dating from the mid-third to the fifth centuries CE. Therefore, only a general date can be attributed to the paintings: the final phase of the Roman or …

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Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

Marble Items From The Late Byzantine Buildings Along The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 135–142; English Summary, P. 96*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

Marble items found in the excavation at Tel Shiqmona include fragments of chancel screens, one of them decorated with the head of an animal—a ram or sheep; Corinthian capitals, characteristic of the fifth–sixth centuries CE; a column; carved items; and pavers and wall liners. Most of the marble items were found in a building that was probably a church, located in Area D/E.

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The Mosaic From The Building (Church?) On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 143–145; English Summary, P. 97*), Ira Barash Jan 2025

The Mosaic From The Building (Church?) On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 143–145; English Summary, P. 97*), Ira Barash

'Atiqot

The mosaic was discovered in a building identified as a church, which was uncovered in Area D/E at Tel Shiqmona. The tesserae, of limestone, occur in shades of white, black, turquoise, red and yellow. The pattern of the central carpet is one of intertwined circles that form a motif of adjacent Maltese crosses. Based on the ceramic finds that were recovered from the bedding and the fill below it, the mosaic should be dated to the beginning of the seventh century CE.

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Late Byzantine Buildings On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 99–129; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Hagit Torge, Uzi ‘Ad Jan 2025

Late Byzantine Buildings On The Eastern Fringes Of Tel Shiqmona (Hebrew, Pp. 99–129; English Summary, Pp. 93*–94*), Hagit Torge, Uzi ‘Ad

'Atiqot

Excavations at Tel Shiqmona, located on the southern outskirts of Haifa, revealed the remains of ashlar-built residential structures (Areas A–C); a large building, probably a basilica church (Area D/E); a foundation of a (city?) wall (Area F); two compounds (Area G), probably part of an industrial area; and a rock-hewn well (Area H). Based on the pottery vessels, metal artifacts, glass finds and coins, it seems that the buildings in Areas A–E were constructed during the second half of the sixth century CE, and were probably part of a neighborhood situated along the eastern fringes of the settlement. The buildings …

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A Christian Inscription At Shelomi (Pp. 161–167), Hagit Tahan, Danny Syon Jan 2025

A Christian Inscription At Shelomi (Pp. 161–167), Hagit Tahan, Danny Syon

'Atiqot

During a salvage excavation in the industrial zone at Shelomi in the western Galilee, building remains, including a mosaic pavement, were unearthed. The mosaic featured a fragmentary Greek inscription, probably a dedicatory inscription of a church or a monastery. The inscription was dated on stylistic grounds to the sixth–seventh centuries CE. This dating is further corroborated by the pottery finds and a coin of Justin II found at the site.

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A Decorated Bronze Platter From Kafr Misr (Pp. 227–241), Sara Lutan-Hassner Jan 2025

A Decorated Bronze Platter From Kafr Misr (Pp. 227–241), Sara Lutan-Hassner

'Atiqot

The finding circumstances of the platter from Kafr Misr could not enlighten us regarding its date, artistic origins or provenance. Therefore, a detailed iconographic and stylistic analysis of the images portrayed on the platter was undertaken, in an attempt to decipher its enigma. The artistic analysis points to Christian iconography, as manifested in Byzantine art of the tenth and eleventh centuries CE. The article discusses relevant comparisons to other artistic data from the period and offers a reconstruction of the route of the platter to Kafr Misr in the Lower Galilee.

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Byzantine-Period And Later Remains At Ḥorbat Massah (Hebrew, Pp. 81–90; English Summary, Pp. 89*–90*), Danny Syon Jan 2025

Byzantine-Period And Later Remains At Ḥorbat Massah (Hebrew, Pp. 81–90; English Summary, Pp. 89*–90*), Danny Syon

'Atiqot

A salvage excavation conducted near the cemetery of modern Kefar Tavor uncovered the remains of a large building from the Byzantine period, with evidence of a brief reuse during the Mamluk period. The finds included pottery dating to the Byzantine, Early Islamic (the majority), Crusader and Mamluk periods. Four coins were found, covering the Ptolemaic, Byzantine and Crusader–Ayyubid periods. Chronologically meaningful finds were a fragment of a limestone colonette bearing a cross, a marble slab with a decoration in relief and a small bronze hasp decorated with a cross. The items decorated with crosses suggest a Christian population, and the …

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Crusader Remains In The Muristan, Old City Of Jerusalem: A Decade Of Archaeological Gleanings (Pp. 137–153), Amit Re’Em, Jon Seligman, Zubair Adawi, Rafeh Abu Raya Jan 2025

Crusader Remains In The Muristan, Old City Of Jerusalem: A Decade Of Archaeological Gleanings (Pp. 137–153), Amit Re’Em, Jon Seligman, Zubair Adawi, Rafeh Abu Raya

'Atiqot

The Muristan is located in the heart of the Christian quarter of the Old City of Jerusalem. During the twelfth century CE the area was given to the Hospitaller Order of St. John, and it included the following major buildings: a hospital, ecclesiastical buildings and various large secular buildings. During excavations at the site, remains pertaining to these architectural units were discovered, including massive piers and ashlars, displaying typical Crusader diagonal tool marks, and stones bearing mason's marks. The meager finds from these excavations are an important contribution to the reconstruction of the Hospitaller Quarter of Jerusalem during the twelfth …

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Excavations In The Mamillah Area, Jerusalem: The Medieval Fortifications (Pp. 125–152), Ronny Reich, Eli Shukron Jan 2025

Excavations In The Mamillah Area, Jerusalem: The Medieval Fortifications (Pp. 125–152), Ronny Reich, Eli Shukron

'Atiqot

A fortification line, comprising a wall and a tower, was exposed outside the Jerusalem Old City wall and parallel to it, northwest of Jaffa Gate. The lower part of the wall was rock-cut, while its upper part was constructed of stones set in a grayish mortar (preserved only in the eastern part). The finds include pottery dating from the Roman-Byzantine periods and mainly, to the twelfth–early thirteenth centuries CE; stones bearing mason’s marks, mostly geometric, in secondary use; and two coins. Also found were stone architectural elements; fragments of wall paintings (frescos) depicting the head of the Madonna, and a …

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Underground Reservoirs From The Crusader Period And Later Remains Next To And North Of The Synagogue At Moza (Hebrew, Pp. 135–144; English Summary, Pp. 73*–75*), Zvi Greenhut Jan 2025

Underground Reservoirs From The Crusader Period And Later Remains Next To And North Of The Synagogue At Moza (Hebrew, Pp. 135–144; English Summary, Pp. 73*–75*), Zvi Greenhut

'Atiqot

Three underground vaults exposed next to and north of the synagogue at Moza were part of a subterranean water reservoir of a Crusader-period building that existed at the site. Two of the ashlar-built vaults are parallel, with pointed ceilings treated with dark gray plaster. The vaults were separated by three arches borne by square pillars, constructed from ashlars bearing the typical Crusader diagonal dressing and mason’s marks. Apparently, water was conveyed to the vaults via a channel from nearby springs. The third vault incorporated a chute that drained the water into it. Above the underground water reservoir were a Crusader …

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Burial Caves From The Second Temple And Byzantine Periods On The Western Slope Of Mount Of Olives, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 47*–59*; English Summary, Pp. 158–160), Amit Re’Em, Zubair ‘Adawi, Tal Ilan Jan 2025

Burial Caves From The Second Temple And Byzantine Periods On The Western Slope Of Mount Of Olives, Jerusalem (Hebrew, Pp. 47*–59*; English Summary, Pp. 158–160), Amit Re’Em, Zubair ‘Adawi, Tal Ilan

'Atiqot

Three burial caves that were part of the eastern burial ground (necropolis) of Jerusalem during the Second Temple and the Byzantine periods were revealed. Two of the caves (Nos. 3, 4) were hewn during the Second Temple period and reused in the Byzantine period, and one (No. 2) was hewn and used during the Byzantine period. Cave 3 yielded wood remains and nails, probably attesting to burial in wooden coffins during the Byzantine period. Cave 4 yielded fragments of nine limestone ossuaries, decorated in patterns well-known from the Jerusalem area. Three of the ossuaries bore inscriptions of Jewish names in …

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Results Of Three Small Excavations At Nahf, Upper Galilee (Pp. 87–101), Howard Smithline Jan 2025

Results Of Three Small Excavations At Nahf, Upper Galilee (Pp. 87–101), Howard Smithline

'Atiqot

The village of Nahf is located north of Karmi’el, on the lower southern slope of the Mount Meron Massif. The three areas excavated revealed occupational levels from Early Bronze Age IB, Early Bronze Age II, Middle Bronze Age II, Iron Age I–II and the Persian period. Large quantities of Hellenistic-period potsherds, including many storage vessels and a stamped Rhodian amphora handle, point to the site’s important role as a commercial center for the production of oil and wine during this period. The Hellenistic settlement ceased to exist during the second half of the second century BCE, probably following the Hasmonean …

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A Church And Village Remains From The Byzantine Period At Pardessiya In The Sharon (Hebrew, Pp. 67–89; English Summary, Pp. 67*–68*), Etan Ayalon Jan 2025

A Church And Village Remains From The Byzantine Period At Pardessiya In The Sharon (Hebrew, Pp. 67–89; English Summary, Pp. 67*–68*), Etan Ayalon

'Atiqot

In a salvage excavation at the site, located in the heart of the Sharon plain, the remains of buildings, agricultural installations, cisterns, a well and industrial waste of glass production were uncovered. The main building excavated is a church, erected in the fifth–sixth centuries CE, divided into three sections. Its floors were adorned with colorful mosaics, depicting floral patterns and a Greek inscription. This church, and other churches unearthed in the region, point to the possibility that the Christian incursion into the Sharon plain was less than previously estimated. In the seventh century CE the church was turned into an …

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The Greek Inscription From Tel Ashdod: A Revised Reading (Pp. 31*–36*), Leah Di Segni Jan 2025

The Greek Inscription From Tel Ashdod: A Revised Reading (Pp. 31*–36*), Leah Di Segni

'Atiqot

Following a reexamination of the Greek inscription on a mosaic pavement uncovered at Kibbutz Hazor, near Ashdod (see ‘Atiqot 51), a new reading is offered. The inscription, which must have adorned the entrance of a winepress attached to a monastery, states the date the winepress was commemorated. The date points to the use of a non-local era; this use might hint at the abbot’s wish to symbolically mark the border between himself and his foundation, and the catholic bishop of Ascalon.

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