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Articles 421 - 450 of 543
Full-Text Articles in Reading and Language
Media-Assisted And Content-Based Promotion Of Intercultural Education In The Esl Classroom, Alex Sharma
Media-Assisted And Content-Based Promotion Of Intercultural Education In The Esl Classroom, Alex Sharma
PASAA
Eastern and Atlantic Canada's growing involvement in East Asian and Southeast Asian development is increasing the need for educational institutions to promote intercultural communication and understanding among the stakeholders of tomorrow - the young people in our schools, A media-assisted and content-based lesson for secondary learners shows special promise for integrating language skills as well as relating development themes to learners' personal concerns.
Reciprocal Teaching In Reading Comprehension, Reongrudee Naranunn
Reciprocal Teaching In Reading Comprehension, Reongrudee Naranunn
PASAA
As the definition of reading has progressed from a perception of an accumulation of isolated skills to a whole process of interrelated skills and strategies, readers are assumed to become more active during reading. That is, they do not only
Cross-Cultural Strategies And The Use Of English In International Business Correspondence, Kulaporn Hiranburana
Cross-Cultural Strategies And The Use Of English In International Business Correspondence, Kulaporn Hiranburana
PASAA
An exploration of the nature of intercultural communication and the use of English in international business correspondence is the principal aim of this study. Different aspects of intercultural communication in a sample of business correspondence consisting of letters, faxes and telexes in English written by business communicators from varied cultural backgrounds are investigated. These aspects include the deviation of linguistic features and expressions, the rhetorical structure of moves and steps with their linguistic exponents, the exchange structure of interaction and negotiation strategies, the organisation of message or information, and theme and theme structure. The implications for teaching are suggested in …
Error Treatment Strategies Used By Ns And Nns Esl Writing Teachers, Ruja Pholsward
Error Treatment Strategies Used By Ns And Nns Esl Writing Teachers, Ruja Pholsward
PASAA
The paper reports on an exploratory study of error treatment strategies used by NS and NNS ESL writing teachers at four Thai universities. In the study, the researcher investigated two important issues for ESL writing teachers: (a) how and to what extent they should tackle errors in students' work, and (b) how they can make their error treatment strategies sufficient to facilitate students' self-correction while not disparaging the latter with heavy marking or editing. Empirical data was collected from 32 university writing teachers by means of interview and questionnaire2. The findings reveal teachers' attitudes toward errors—part of the learning process …
Is Cheewajit English Terminology?, Annabel Bhamani Kajornboon
Is Cheewajit English Terminology?, Annabel Bhamani Kajornboon
PASAA
The word 'cheewajit' is unfamiliar to many English language speaking people. As an ESL professor, a number of foreigners, as well as native speakers have asked me what this word means. Cheewajit has become a phenomenon such that one cannot be certain if cheewajit is a fad or faith. Hence, this paper will discuss some of the terminology used in the cheewajit philosophy to help clarify both to foreigners and Thais who would like a clearer understanding of these lexical items. Then they can decide for themselves if cheewajit is a fad or faith.
Assessment Of Language Proficiency, D. E. Ingram
Assessment Of Language Proficiency, D. E. Ingram
PASAA
Proficiency is the single most important concept in language teaching and learning. Whatever else one aspires to do in a second or foreign language learning programme, proficiency or the ability to use the language for some purpose is always an important, generally the most important, aim. Even where it is not considered the central focus of the course, as it may not be, for example, in a traditional literature course, it will determine the extent to which the other aims can be realised.
Reading Comprehension: An Active Engagement Or A Passive Experience?, Malinee Chandavimol
Reading Comprehension: An Active Engagement Or A Passive Experience?, Malinee Chandavimol
PASAA
As most teachers of English in Thailand will admit, Thai students all too often fail to comprehend English texts. How often have we heard them complain "This is too difficult!" This is a very real problem in a world where English is increasingly becoming a global language, a command of which is vital in virtually every field of human endeavour.
Literature In Language Classroom: An Overview, Punchalee Wasanasomsithi
Literature In Language Classroom: An Overview, Punchalee Wasanasomsithi
PASAA
There is an on-going concern among researchers and educators in both the ESL and EFL programs regarding how to balance a focus on form or linguistic properties with a focus on meaning or communication in the target language. A focus on form and a focus on meaning are not a dichotomy. Instead, based on a review of existing research literature and teaching experience, what seems to work best is an integrated teaching approach in which the development of language learners' grammatical knowledge and communicative competence are equally supported.
Testing Washback In Language Education, James Dean Brown
Testing Washback In Language Education, James Dean Brown
PASAA
Numerous definitions of the concept of washback have been offered in the language teaching literature. For instance, Shohamy, Donitsa-Schmidt, and Ferman (1996, p. 298) define washback very simply as "the connections between testing and learning." Gates (1995, p. 101) defines it as "the influence of testing on teaching and learning." Shohamy (1992, p. 513) went further when she defined washback as "the utilization of external language tests to affect and drive foreign language learning.. .this phenomenon is the result of the strong authority of external testing and the major impact it has on the lives of test takers." Messick (1996, …
Can We Test Listening Authentically?, Richard Watson Todd
Can We Test Listening Authentically?, Richard Watson Todd
PASAA
With the present move towards authenticity in language teaching, there should be a similar shift in language testing, but such a move has not been apparent. This paper addresses why testing has not incorporated authenticity to a greater extent by examining the issue of authenticity in the testing of listening. The extent of authenticity in tests is considered along four dimensions : materials, testing situation, task and testee's response. It is concluded that it is possible to create authentic listening tests, but this can only be done at the expense of the test's reliability and practicality.
Whole Language Its Application To Efl Classroom In Thailand, Reongrudee Naranunn
Whole Language Its Application To Efl Classroom In Thailand, Reongrudee Naranunn
PASAA
Whole language recently has become an impressive tool for our educational community. It offers a way to teach language from whole to part. It is suggested that children should read 'whole' books and write 'whole' stories, letters, and other real-life writings, for example. Reading, specifically, should be taught as a means of creating meaning from prints. It is taught in the meaningful context of real reading and writing activities. In other words, meaningfulness is the key word for classroom instruction. In the context of Thailand, whole language also offers lots of suggestions. Incorporating whole language in an EFL reading classroom …
Educational Technology For Tefl, Kanchana Prapphal
Educational Technology For Tefl, Kanchana Prapphal
PASAA
This article is written from a language teacher's point of view on how to make use of educational technology in English teaching. The following aspects were reviewed: the effective use of computers, steps in carrying out computer tasks, precautions in carrying out an online distance course, and available text materials, i.e, CALL, CD-ROMs and web sites. Examples of where computers do work are reported. These include CALL activities as well as the application of intranet and internet pedagogy in ESL/EFL classrooms. The appropriate use of educational technology in TEFL is also advocated.
English Language Teaching In The "Post - Method" Era: Toward Better Diagnosis, Treatment, And Assessment, H. Douglas Brown
English Language Teaching In The "Post - Method" Era: Toward Better Diagnosis, Treatment, And Assessment, H. Douglas Brown
PASAA
In the century of time spanning the mid 1880s to the mid 1980s, the language teaching profession was involved in what many pedagogical experts would call a search. That search was for a single, ideal method, generalizable across widely varying audiences, that would successfully teach students a foreign language in the classroom. Historical accounts of the profession tend therefore to describe a succession of methods each of which are more or less discarded in due course of time as a new method takes its place. I will comment on "the changing winds and shifting sands" (Marckwardt 1972:5) of that history …
Language Assessment In Quality Assurance, D. E. Ingram
Language Assessment In Quality Assurance, D. E. Ingram
PASAA
Effective language teaching in which students achieve a worthwhile level of practical language skills is demanding of time and intensity of teaching and hence of teaching costs.
On The Relation Between Language Teaching And Testing, John W. Oller, Jr.
On The Relation Between Language Teaching And Testing, John W. Oller, Jr.
PASAA
For well over a decade, theoreticians have generally agreed that what is needed by linguists, language teachers, and testers is a more consistent, comprehensive, and parsimonious theory of how language works in communication, how it is acquired by children (and others), and how it comes to be related systematically through the conventions of particular grammars (i.e., of particular languages) to the common world of experience. Here a number of theoretical advances are discussed and certain implications for language teaching and testing are considered. The fundamental flaws of discrete-point approaches, including the British notional-functional syllabus, are pointed out in the light …
Patterns Of Lexis In The Writing Of Japanese Efl Students: A Comparative Study, Phillip R. Morrow
Patterns Of Lexis In The Writing Of Japanese Efl Students: A Comparative Study, Phillip R. Morrow
PASAA
In the teaching of composition to EFL students, the study of vocabulary use generally receives less attention than matters of organization and structure, and related issues of grammar and style. It is, of course, necessary for inexperienced writers to study and attain some mastery in these areas, but the appropriate and effective use of words is also an essential part of good writing. While the role of lexis in writing has not usually been emphasized, neither has it been entirely neglected. In the past few years there have been several insightful studies dealing the various aspects of lexis and its …
Eap In A Foreign Language Context: An Impact Analysis Of Course Achievements On Proficiency Gain, Steven Ross
Eap In A Foreign Language Context: An Impact Analysis Of Course Achievements On Proficiency Gain, Steven Ross
PASAA
English for academic purposes (EAP) curricula have gradually become widespread in a number of different foreign language contexts. Often, EAP in these contexts is conjoined with other curricular innovations such as thematic, adjunct, and sheltered content teaching approaches. The impact of such foreign language instructional programs is not particularly well known. One such program is the focus of the present study. EAP course achievement scores over a three year period are analyzed for their aggregate and individual impact on Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) score gains for two cohorts of Japanese university undergraduates. Contrastive regression analyses are …
Creating And Implementing An Online Writing Course, Martin Holmes
Creating And Implementing An Online Writing Course, Martin Holmes
PASAA
This discussion paper describes our experiences during the creation and deployment of an entirely Web-based intermediate English writing course at the University of Victoria. It is hoped that other institutions, materials-writers and instructors will find it useful when contemplating, planning or implementing similar initiatives.
The Toefl And Its Imitators : Analyzing The Toefl And Evaluating Toefl - Prep Texts, Robert Hilke, Paul Wadden
The Toefl And Its Imitators : Analyzing The Toefl And Evaluating Toefl - Prep Texts, Robert Hilke, Paul Wadden
PASAA
This paper reports the results of a study that analyzed the TOEFL and identified the specific content and question types that appear in the exam as well as their ratio and placement within particular test sections. Applying this analysis, taxonomies derived from the TOEFL were used to evaluate ten leading TOEFL-prep texts. It was found that commercial texts vary widely in the accuracy with which they represent the exam. In July 1995, the TOEFL exam underwent a selective revision. The authors also outline these changes, and in closing, offer guidelines to aid in the selection of commercial texts for TOEFL-prep …
An Investigation Of The General And Academic English X-Tests In Measuring Grammatical Competence Of Thai Science Students, Kanchana Prapphal
An Investigation Of The General And Academic English X-Tests In Measuring Grammatical Competence Of Thai Science Students, Kanchana Prapphal
PASAA
This study investigates the role of the X-tests in these aspects: 1) Can they be used as an instrument to observe the ability to transfer language competence from General English to Academic English?; 2) If so, which type of grammatical competence can they measure better, syntactic competence or lexical competence, and 3) Is there any difference in the retention of grammatical competence measured by the General English X-Test and the Academic English X-Test? Forty-eight third year Thai students enrolled in the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University in 1994 participated in this study. It was found that the X-tests were reliable …
The Audience Is Your Friend: A Brief Guide For International Conference Presenters, Nor Hafizah Ismail, David Crookall
The Audience Is Your Friend: A Brief Guide For International Conference Presenters, Nor Hafizah Ismail, David Crookall
PASAA
This paper presents some findings from a survey about international conference presentation. It analyses the nature of a conference presentation, contrasting it with a published article. It offers advice and outlines techniques that are designed to help EFL presenters, with particular emphasis on rapport with the audience and on cross-cultural communication.
Autonomous Language Learning : The Importance Of Metacognition, Goal-Setting And Cultures Of Practice, Cynthia J. White
Autonomous Language Learning : The Importance Of Metacognition, Goal-Setting And Cultures Of Practice, Cynthia J. White
PASAA
This paper identifies and describes three interrelated concepts which were found to be central to the development of autonomy in a study of distance foreign language learners, namely metacognition, goal-setting and cultures of practice. One key aspect of metacognition, self-management, is discussed in terms of how it is deployed by learner to establish an autonomous approach to learning. It is argued that goal-setting is also central to autonomy and examples are given of how learners used metacognitive awareness to set explicit goals for the course and direction of their learning. Learners who did not set goals reported difficulty in engaging …
Hotel Receptionists And Customers : Making The Most Of Computer Simulations In The Foreign-Language Classroom, Rolf Palmberg
Hotel Receptionists And Customers : Making The Most Of Computer Simulations In The Foreign-Language Classroom, Rolf Palmberg
PASAA
The paper suggests ways in which one specific simulation program, Hotel Excelsior, can be linked in with ordinary foreign-language classroom work in order to practise not only oral communication but also, depending on the learning objectives set up by the teacher for the teaching period in question, any (or all) of the three other categories of language skills (listening, reading and writing). The suggestions include pre-computer, computer and post-computer phases providing opportunity for individual, pair and/or group work according to the teacher's choice.
Expanding Peer Coaching : Pedagogical Applications Of Conference Coaching, Nicholas Dimmitt
Expanding Peer Coaching : Pedagogical Applications Of Conference Coaching, Nicholas Dimmitt
PASAA
Recent research demonstrates that peer coaching can be a productive and constructive method for promoting teacher professional development and can build increased collegiality and confidence (Galbraith & Anstrom, 1995). This paper reviews current models of peer coaching; technical, collegial, challenge and team coaching—and suggests practical applications for its use in individual professional development and personal self-growth for classroom teachers. One objection to peer coaching has been that it can be time intensive, with teachers often too immersed in their schedules to participate. This paper presents a variation of peer coaching, conference coaching, which requires minimum preparation time and employs "micro …
The Needs Of Chulalongkorn University Students' With Regard To Learning English And Implications For Language Instruction, Ongon Thananart
The Needs Of Chulalongkorn University Students' With Regard To Learning English And Implications For Language Instruction, Ongon Thananart
PASAA
This paper discusses three things: the importance and use of English in Thai society, a report on the students' needs with regard to the learning of English, and some possible suggestions for new materials. The introduction describes why the English language has become increasingly popular in a country in which the vehicle for interpersonal communication is largely Thai. In the second section, the author reports on a study focusing on the needs of Chulalongkorn University students and their use of the English language. The majority of students responded that they needed more practice on listening and speaking skills, as well …
A Survey Of English Teaching Problems And Wants In Teacher Training Of Upper-Secondary English Teachers In Government Secondary Schools In Educational Region 12, Roongtip Promsiri, Kanchana Prapphal, Boosakorn Vijchulata
A Survey Of English Teaching Problems And Wants In Teacher Training Of Upper-Secondary English Teachers In Government Secondary Schools In Educational Region 12, Roongtip Promsiri, Kanchana Prapphal, Boosakorn Vijchulata
PASAA
This study investigates problems in English teaching and wants in teacher training of English teachers at the upper-secondary level. The study was conducted in government secondary schools in Educational Region 12. A questionnaire, consisting of a rating scale and open-ended questions, was used as an instrument for data collection. The reliability coefficient (Cronbach alpha) of the questionnaire was .97. The respondents of this research were all 208 upper-secondary English teachers in Educational Region 12. The result obtained was analyzed and summarized as follows: Problems in English teaching occur at many different levels ranging from the fairly serious to the very …
National Profiles Of Language Education : Thailand, Achara Wongsothorn, Suphat Sukamolsun, Pajaree Chinthammit, Phoolsook Ratanothayanonth, Prangthip Noparumpa
National Profiles Of Language Education : Thailand, Achara Wongsothorn, Suphat Sukamolsun, Pajaree Chinthammit, Phoolsook Ratanothayanonth, Prangthip Noparumpa
PASAA
No abstract provided.
I'D Like To Present But How Are You Going To Score Me?, Stephen J. Hall
I'D Like To Present But How Are You Going To Score Me?, Stephen J. Hall
PASAA
Presenting competently needs language awareness and non-verbal skills which can be difficult to assess. This paper presents a framework for understanding the demands of presentation speaking and suggests approaches to scoring and giving feedback with attention to sub-skills. The framework for presentation skills assessment draws on research and the writer's experience in Southeast Asia. Guidelines for classroom practices which move beyond an assessor's intuitive response are suggested.
Video Movies In Teaching English As A Foreign Language, David Wood
Video Movies In Teaching English As A Foreign Language, David Wood
PASAA
This present examines the combination of the most motivating audio-visual resource, the movie, and one of the most effective language-teaching methodologies, the communicative approach, starting with a detailed rationale for the use of movies in TEFL in Section Two. Attention is paid to the effect which the irrepressible interest films can generate with teachers and students. Section Three continues with a discussion of whether video movies can be considered as an aspect of literature or whether their essential nature is something quite different, and of exactly what elements of their language and content are the most appropriate for teaching English …
Computer Assisted Instruction At Thai Unversities, Jeremy Ward
Computer Assisted Instruction At Thai Unversities, Jeremy Ward
PASAA
This article describes the computer-assisted language learning project at Sura-naree University of Technology. It deals with the background to the project and the benefits gained in terms of pedagogic efficiency, economy of resources, and student behaviour. finally, some of the obstacles to the success of the programme are detailed.