Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Philosophy Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2021

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 241 - 270 of 909

Full-Text Articles in Philosophy

Smithian Sympathy And The Emergence Of Norms, Keith Hankins Aug 2021

Smithian Sympathy And The Emergence Of Norms, Keith Hankins

Philosophy Faculty Articles and Research

Adam Smith's impartial spectator and David Hume's general point of view have much in common, as do their moral theories more generally. However, this paper argues that a distinctive feature of Smith's theory—the pleasure of mutual sympathy—allows Smith to better explain a number of important features of norms. In particular, it provides Smith with a more plausible mechanism for explaining how norms emerge, and offers him a richer set of resources for explaining both why we are attracted to norms and why norms are often characterized by local similarity and global diversity. Rather than merely being a matter of historical …

Go to article

Transcendentalism, Art, And Social Change: An Overview For A New Generation, Nidra Kilmer Aug 2021

Transcendentalism, Art, And Social Change: An Overview For A New Generation, Nidra Kilmer

Theses - ALL

The purpose of this study is to investigate the philosophy, art, methods, and outcomes of the Transcendentalist movement in 19th century America, with the aim of identifying strategies for creative practice that may inspire artists and educators in the 21st century. In the introductory section, the need for such an inquiry is established. Correlations are drawn between transcendental art from China, India, and America, in order to enrich the conversation by examining how ideas of transcendentalism, art, and social change are approached from different cultural perspectives. The historical context and philosophical roots of the American Transcendentalists is summarized, followed by …

Go to article

Aung San Suu Kyi’S Defensive Denial Of The Rohingya Massacre: A Rhetorical Analysis Of Denial And Positive-Image Construction, Idhamsyah Eka Putra, Hema Preya Selvanathan, Ali Mashuri, Cristina Jayme Montiel Aug 2021

Aung San Suu Kyi’S Defensive Denial Of The Rohingya Massacre: A Rhetorical Analysis Of Denial And Positive-Image Construction, Idhamsyah Eka Putra, Hema Preya Selvanathan, Ali Mashuri, Cristina Jayme Montiel

Psychology Department Faculty Publications

In December 2019, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) accused the Myanmar government of genocide against Rohingya Muslims. Represented by Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi, Myanmar authorities denied such accusations. To understand how a political leader can deny ingroup wrongdoings, we unpacked Suu Kyi’s ICJ speech and analyzed her defensive rhetorical style through critical narrative analysis. We aimed to identify and describe the denial strategies Suu Kyi used as well as how she maintained a positive ingroup image to support her position. Our findings showed that Suu Kyi engaged in interpretative denial of genocide by arguing that …

Go to article

Lessons From Horror: The Rejection And Failures Of Arête, Renato Econa Aug 2021

Lessons From Horror: The Rejection And Failures Of Arête, Renato Econa

Virginia English Journal

Lessons from Horror explores the rhetorical term of arête in the context of horror and horror literature. Arête, the concept of excellence as used in ancient Greece, is defined and then applied to two horror novels in order to better understand how the path to moral excellence can be corrupted. The first novel, Carrie by Stephen King, warns of the influence and pressure of others to both accept and reject the path to excellence. The second novel, Sour Candy by Kealan Patrick Burke, explores the idea of fear of failure in arête, and the possibility of turning oneself into a …

Go to article

Ethical Issues In Data Journalism, Bastiaan Vanacker Aug 2021

Ethical Issues In Data Journalism, Bastiaan Vanacker

School of Communication: Faculty Publications and Other Works

This chapter starts out by situating data journalism in relation to computer-assisted reporting and computational journalism and argues that data journalism has ballooned in recent decades as a result of the great availability of databases, increased training, and lower costs of computers. It then analyzes the main issues that can spring up at each phase of the data journalism process. During the collection process, journalists can be manipulated by flawed data or ethically compromised by using illegally obtained data. When they obtain data through surreptitiously scraping the web or paying for datasets, they might be violating notions of transparency and …

Go to article

Logical Reasoning, Soo-Jin Lee Aug 2021

Logical Reasoning, Soo-Jin Lee

Open Educational Resources

Syllabus for Logical Reasoning

Go to article

Crisis Management Lessons From The Clinton Administration's Implementation Of Presidential Decision Directive 56, Leonard R. Hawley Aug 2021

Crisis Management Lessons From The Clinton Administration's Implementation Of Presidential Decision Directive 56, Leonard R. Hawley

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

Drawing on personal experience, the author asks what the current administration can learn from the Clinton administration’s implementation of Presidential Decision Directive 56, examines the real-world application of the directive during the Clinton administration and the pitfalls of its agency-centric successor during the Bush administration, and identifies recurring problems and best practices for successfully responding to current global crises.

Go to article

Assessing Risk At The National Strategic Level: Visualization Tools For Military Planners, Wade A. Germann, Heather S. Gregg Aug 2021

Assessing Risk At The National Strategic Level: Visualization Tools For Military Planners, Wade A. Germann, Heather S. Gregg

The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters

The reemergence of great power competition, conflict with near-peer competitor states below the level of armed conflict, and persisting threats from nonstate actors with transnational ambitions and global reach pose challenges for strategists planning, executing, and assessing military operations and strategy. Building on current visualization tools, two proposed models—the National Strategic Risk Abacus and the National Strategic Risk Radar Chart—address these challenges and better depict how the US military may inadvertently contribute to risk at the national strategic level.

Go to article

New Materialism’S Second Phase, Tobias Skiveren Aug 2021

New Materialism’S Second Phase, Tobias Skiveren

Criticism

Influx and Efflux. Writing up with Walt Whitman by Jane Bennett. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2020. 224 pp. $25.95

Go to article

Incomplete? Or Indefinite? Intuitionism On Gödel’S First Incompleteness Theorem, Quinn Crawford Aug 2021

Incomplete? Or Indefinite? Intuitionism On Gödel’S First Incompleteness Theorem, Quinn Crawford

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

This paper analyzes two natural-looking arguments that seek to leverage Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem for and against intuitionism, concluding in both cases that the argument is unsound because it equivocates on the meaning of “proof,” which differs between formalism and intuitionism. I argue that this difference explains why “proof” has definite extension for the formalist but not for the intuitionist. Sections 1-3 summarize various philosophies of mathematics and Gödel’s result. Section 4 argues that, because the Gödel sentence of a formal system is provable to the intuitionist, they are neither aided nor attacked by Gödel’s first incompleteness theorem. Section 5 …

Go to article

A Case For African American Reparations: The Inheritance Of Racist Hierarchies And Moral Harm, Ko Cheang Aug 2021

A Case For African American Reparations: The Inheritance Of Racist Hierarchies And Moral Harm, Ko Cheang

The Yale Undergraduate Research Journal

In this paper, I will argue that living white Americans with no individual ethical responsibility in original wrongdoings such as slavery, segregation and mass incarceration against African Americans in the United States have an obligation to repair the ongoing, present-day reproductions of past injuries. Using the Lockean inheritance argument for Black reparations laid out by Bernard R. Boxill as a starting point, I will show how a narrow conception of inheritance as property-based and merely legal is insufficient to justify reparations for non-property-based harms such as dignity loss or bodily violations. Drawing upon James Baldwin’s notion of history to explain …

Go to article

The Current, Scott K. Heysell Aug 2021

The Current, Scott K. Heysell

Journal of Wellness

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Mindful Technology, Mike W. Martin Aug 2021

Mindful Technology, Mike W. Martin

Philosophy Faculty Books and Book Chapters

"Mindfulness has become a popular virtue. No longer just a fancy word for attentiveness, mindfulness denotes a wide-ranging excellence that promotes stress relief, emotional control, rational decision-making, concentration at work and at school and in sports, and-my interest-skills in developing and using technology. Although Buddhists have long celebrated mindfulness, recent health psychologists sing fuller-throated paeans. One therapist declares that "mindfulness frees us to act more wisely and skillfully in our everyday decisions" and provides "the solution' to countless daily difficulties (Siegel 2010, 34). Another prominent psychologist traces most problems to an absence of mindfulness: "Virtually all of our problems-personal, interpersonal, …

Go to article

Unacceptable Agency Part I Of The Problem Of An Unloving World, Jeremy Bendik-Keymer Aug 2021

Unacceptable Agency Part I Of The Problem Of An Unloving World, Jeremy Bendik-Keymer

Faculty Scholarship

The Earth System Governance Project is the largest scholarly body in the world devoted to articulating governance of the Earth’s systems. It recently published a “Harvesting Initiative” looking back on the first iteration of its Scientific Plan. This paper contributes to the decolonial and constructive critique of the theory of agency in that Initiative and argues that it displays “fragmentary coloniality” especially around problematic authority relations in governance. By turning to work on “worlding,” the paper argues for radicalizing questions of authority, leading us to focus not on agency but on moral relationships—work for a sequel to this paper.

Go to article

The Survival Of Dulles: Reflections On A Second Century Of Influence, Michael M. Canaris Aug 2021

The Survival Of Dulles: Reflections On A Second Century Of Influence, Michael M. Canaris

Religion

This collection, marking the centenary of Avery Dulles’s birth, makes an entirely distinctive contribution to contemporary theological discourse as we approach the second century of the cardinal’s influence, and the twenty-first of Christian witness in the world. Moving beyond a festschrift, the volume offers both historical analyses of Dulles’s contributions and applications of his insights and methodologies to current issues like immigration, exclusion, and digital culture. It includes essays by Dulles’s students, colleagues, and peers, as well as by emerging scholars who have been and continue to be indebted to his theological vision and encyclopedic fluency in the ecclesiological …

Go to article

Positron Emission Tomography From 1930 To 1990: The Epistemology And Process Of Scientific Instrumentation, Rick Shang Aug 2021

Positron Emission Tomography From 1930 To 1990: The Epistemology And Process Of Scientific Instrumentation, Rick Shang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a groundbreaking detection system that, among many other applications, enabled neuroscience researchers to detect and image physiological changes in the brain associated with cognitive operations as subjects perform a task. This technology helped researchers learn to explore the physiological basis of human cognition in new ways and was the immediate forerunner of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), a technology that continues to dominate the neurosciences. PET was also the founding invention of a new field of cognitive science: human functional neuroimaging. Indeed, some would say that PET encouraged a particular way of understanding the brain …

Go to article

Positron Emission Tomography From 1930 To 1990: The Epistemology And Process Of Scientific Instrumentation, Rick Shang Aug 2021

Positron Emission Tomography From 1930 To 1990: The Epistemology And Process Of Scientific Instrumentation, Rick Shang

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a groundbreaking detection system that, among many other applications, enabled neuroscience researchers to detect and image physiological changes in the brain associated with cognitive operations as subjects perform a task. This technology helped researchers learn to explore the physiological basis of human cognition in new ways and was the immediate forerunner of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI), a technology that continues to dominate the neurosciences. PET was also the founding invention of a new field of cognitive science: human functional neuroimaging. Indeed, some would say that PET encouraged a particular way of understanding the brain …

Go to article

The Disunity Of Perception, Benjamin Austin Henke Aug 2021

The Disunity Of Perception, Benjamin Austin Henke

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation argues for disunity in perceptual processing: rather than outputting to a single ‘centralized’ cognitive system, separate perceptual processing pathways produce different person-level representations for different purposes. I argue that this disunity has important implications for abstract theorizing in the philosophy and cognitive science of perception, for experimental methodology, and for our understanding of the normative role of perception itself. The first three chapters explore models in cognitive neuroscience which support perceptual disunity. In Chapter 1, I argue that a version of Milner and Goodale’s (2006) influential ‘two visual streams hypothesis’ survives its recent empirical challenges. In Chapter 2, …

Go to article

Is Addicted Phenomenology Just Human Phenomenology?, Benji Mahaffey, Tom Seppalainen Aug 2021

Is Addicted Phenomenology Just Human Phenomenology?, Benji Mahaffey, Tom Seppalainen

McNair Symposium

The phenomenon of addiction precedes, by millennia, our scientific inquiries into its psychological manifestations and neural bases. We did not need psychiatrists to ‘discover’ it; we have long been aware of its dark shadow lurking in our psyches. The discernable, often troubling behaviors of addicts notwithstanding, addiction is not the kind of phenomenon one observes; addiction is experienced, from the first-person perspective. Its defining features are qualitative: a subjective loss of control, an obsession, a compulsion. The overwhelming phenomenological salience of these features—especially of “compulsion”—has led addicts, philosophers, and psychiatrists alike to imagine that addiction is a discrete (phenomenological, natural, …

Go to article

Bonhoeffer On The Interaction Of Theology And Philosophy: Christological Redescription, Joseph D. Carson Aug 2021

Bonhoeffer On The Interaction Of Theology And Philosophy: Christological Redescription, Joseph D. Carson

Montview Journal of Research & Scholarship

Setting an example of philosophical theology in his own writings, Bonhoeffer can help contemporary theologians navigate the interaction between theology and philosophy. Predominantly discussing Sanctorum Communio and Ethics, this essay outlines how Bonhoeffer offers a paradigm of Christian engagement with philosophy. Bonhoeffer utilized the insights of philosophy by (1) critiquing its idolatrous nature and (2) Christologically redescribing its creative concepts in service to theology. Giving an account of Bonhoeffer’s critique and positive use of philosophy, this essay argues that Bonhoeffer’s paradigmatic view of theology and philosophy is a helpful resource for contemporary Christians. Specifically, a dialectic of antithesis and …

Go to article

The Problem Of Heaven With Dr. Kevin Timpe, Kevin Timpe Aug 2021

The Problem Of Heaven With Dr. Kevin Timpe, Kevin Timpe

University Faculty Publications and Creative Works

No abstract provided.

Go to article

Skill Or Slaughter In ‘Fair Chase:’ What Does Animal Resistance Tell Us About Modern Sports Hunting, Erica Von Essen, Michael P. Allen Aug 2021

Skill Or Slaughter In ‘Fair Chase:’ What Does Animal Resistance Tell Us About Modern Sports Hunting, Erica Von Essen, Michael P. Allen

Between the Species

In philosophy of sport, the internal justification for sports hunting is often that the chase empowers hunters to become skilled performers. However, this internal justification for sport hunting is challenged by two factors. One is the growing awareness that the hunted non-human animals themselves are skilled performers, demonstrating agency is resisting their hunters. Another is that recent developments in hunting practice undermine the internal justification by reducing the necessity for hunters to refine their performance skills, in effect allowing them to rely on technology and shortcuts in place of sportsmanship. Both factors reveal important justificatory deficits in modern sports hunting …

Go to article

Intergenerational Aesthetics: A Future-Oriented Approach To Aesthetic Theory And Practice, Remei Capdevila-Werning, Sanna Lehtinen Aug 2021

Intergenerational Aesthetics: A Future-Oriented Approach To Aesthetic Theory And Practice, Remei Capdevila-Werning, Sanna Lehtinen

Philosophy Faculty Publications

This article introduces the philosophical sub-specialty of intergenerational aesthetics, which centers in the study of aesthetic values and aesthetic choices taking into account the aesthetic appreciation of future generations. Acknowledging a temporal dependency between the present and the future in aesthetics offers a new perspective to explore aesthetic values, perception, and judgments as well as practical aesthetic decisions. This essay discusses the main concerns of intergenerational aesthetics, including its theoretical stakes, its disciplinary and interdisciplinary influences, its normative aspect, the role of intergenerational thinking in theory and practice, and presents a specific case to illustrate the pressing importance of introducing …

Go to article

Forms Of Life And Comprehension Analysis And Application Of Concepts From The Philosophical Investigations, Vincent Graziano Aug 2021

Forms Of Life And Comprehension Analysis And Application Of Concepts From The Philosophical Investigations, Vincent Graziano

Philosophy ETDs

In this paper I have examined the notion of ‘forms of life’ against the concept of ‘comprehension’. Particular attention was given to Wittgenstein’s Philosophical Investigations. I first defend my view that comprehension is made possible by forms of life; or, that forms of life condition our comprehension. A comprehension-event is one which will always occur in a language-game, and is structured by grammar. After I defend my position, I apply this view to three canonical philosophical issues: conceptual universals or how we see one when there are many, the mind-body gap or the difficulty of unifying our ideas about the …

Go to article

The Role Of Language In Building Abstract, Generalized Conceptual Representations Of One-And Two-Place Predicates: A Comparison Between Adults And Infants, Jill De Villiers Aug 2021

The Role Of Language In Building Abstract, Generalized Conceptual Representations Of One-And Two-Place Predicates: A Comparison Between Adults And Infants, Jill De Villiers

Philosophy: Faculty Publications

Theories of relations between language and conceptual development benefit from empirical evidence for concepts available in infancy, but such evidence is comparatively scarce. Here, we examine early representations of specific concepts, namely, sets of dynamic events corresponding either to predicates involving two variables with a reversible, asymmetric relation between them (such as the set of all events that correspond to a linguistic phrase like “a dog is pushing a car,”) or to comparatively simpler, one-variable predicates (such as the set of events corresponding to a phrase like “a dog is jumping.”). We develop a non-linguistic, anticipatory eye-tracking task that can …

Go to article

Tolstoy And The Serving Mentality & Moral Imperative, Reed Hofer Aug 2021

Tolstoy And The Serving Mentality & Moral Imperative, Reed Hofer

Theses/Capstones/Creative Projects

The primary characters (ones with a point of view) in Leo Tolstoy’s short stories exhibit a degree of success in their general efforts through their own serving mentality and the moral imperative they demonstrate over the course of the narrative. The methodology behind the analytical task of determining the impact of the serving mentality on their success focused on general analysis of seven Tolstoy short stories with some cross-comparison given. The results indicate to what extent a protagonist continued or changed their serving mentality throughout, and how that shift may have influenced their success. The aggregate points of success allotted …

Go to article

Beyond The "Formidable Circle": Race And The Limits Of Democratic Inclusion In Tocqueville's Democracy In America, Christine Dunn Henderson Aug 2021

Beyond The "Formidable Circle": Race And The Limits Of Democratic Inclusion In Tocqueville's Democracy In America, Christine Dunn Henderson

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Despite his assertion that the first volume of Democracy in America (1835) would concentrate upon institutions, Tocqueville found himself finishing the draft manuscript in 1834 and unable to conclude his study without discussing race relations in the United States. In the end, he quickly penned a final chapter. That chapter—by far the book’s longest—offers “Some Considerations on the Present State and Probable Future of the Three Races That Inhabit the Territory of the United States.” Tocqueville begins the chapter by acknowledging that its subject “is American without being democratic” (DA, p. 516), and to the extent that it analyzes slavery …

Go to article

A Philosophy Of Bilingualism: How History And Science Inform Its Ethicality And Future, Matthew James Rethorn Aug 2021

A Philosophy Of Bilingualism: How History And Science Inform Its Ethicality And Future, Matthew James Rethorn

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

This Thesis explains the significance that bilingualism has played and should play in life. It consists of three chapters: Chapter 1 examines bilingual perspectives from different communities inside the United States; Chapter 2 presents a critical assessment of research from linguistics and psychology; and Chapter 3 explores the popular support for English-Spanish bilingualism sweeping through urban America. My first chapter highlights the interconnection of bilingualism with identity, exemplified in the Amish, Navajo, and Gullah communities. This analysis of ethnic groups represents more broadly the negative and positive experiences of bilingualism. My second chapter reflects on the validity and assumptions behind …

Go to article

The Intuitiveness Of Animal Rights: Audi's Epistemology, Kantian Ethics, And Regan's Case, Andrew Nesseler Jul 2021

The Intuitiveness Of Animal Rights: Audi's Epistemology, Kantian Ethics, And Regan's Case, Andrew Nesseler

Between the Species

In this paper, I will argue that ethical intuitionism and Robert Audi’s work on its moral epistemology as applied to Kant’s formula of humanity can offer grounding and support for an animal rights position that approaches that of a view articulated by Tom Regan. The combination of these positions will be done by testing our intuitions concerning non-rational individuals—leading one, I argue, to an animal rights view. Then I will briefly note the skeptical concerns about the role of intuitions in our knowledge of the moral status of human animals and non-human animals alike. Ultimately, I will conclude that intuitions …

Go to article

Bibliometric Analysis Of Publications Discussing The Construction Females Heroism Worldwide (1958-2021), Cut Novita Srikandi Jul 2021

Bibliometric Analysis Of Publications Discussing The Construction Females Heroism Worldwide (1958-2021), Cut Novita Srikandi

International Review of Humanities Studies

The number of gender studies related to female heroism varies, however to the best of our knowledge, no bibliometric studies have been conducted to examine research trend related to the construction of female heroism in history. Therefore, the aims of this research to investigate the trend of publication related to the female heroism by utilizing bibliometric analysis which become parameter to evaluate and visualize the worldwide publication focus on the development of gender studies. Herein, we identified 753 research articles in English from Scopus database which were published from 1958 – 2021. According to our findings, we highlighted that the …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last