Philosophy Commons^™

Evidence For Anti-Intellectualism About Know-How From A Sentence Recognition Task, Ian Harmon, Zachary Horne

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

An emerging trend in cognitive science is to explore central epistemological questions using psychological methods. Early work in this growing area of research has revealed that epistemologists' theories of knowledge diverge in various ways from the ways in which ordinary people think of knowledge. Reflecting the practices of epistemology as a whole, the vast majority of these studies have focused on the concept of propositional knowledge, or knowledge-that. Many philosophers, however, have argued that knowing how to do something is importantly different from knowing that something is the case. Hence, in this paper we turn our attention to people's concept …

Disclaimer

The Journal of Traditions & Beliefs

No abstract provided.

Gender And The Politics Of Exclusion In Pre-Colonial Ibadan: The Case Of Iyalode Efunsetan Aniwura, Olawale F. Idowu, Sunday A. Ogunode

The Journal of Traditions & Beliefs

No abstract provided.

Eliciting Acts As Cultural Reflectors In Wole Soyinka's Childe Internationale, Moji A. Olateju

The Journal of Traditions & Beliefs

No abstract provided.

Post Critical Again, Charlie Cannon

Articles

No abstract provided.

Reply To Melissa Moschella, E Brugger

Philosophy Conference Papers

Professor Moschella begins by discussing confusions in the brain death debate surrounding the use of the concepts of “integration” and “wholeness.” Some scholars, she says, such as Alan Shewmon, take the presence of biological integration as an indication of ontological wholeness. Others, such as the members of the President’s Council for Bioethics, think that some bodily integration can persist in the body of a brain-dead individual; but that the subject in which it persists in not a whole.

Ethics Beyond Sentience, Matthew Pianalto

The Chautauqua Journal

No abstract provided.

Natural Law, God, And Human Dignity, Robert George

The Chautauqua Journal

No abstract provided.

Evil And Evidence, Matthew A. Benton, John Hawthorne, Yoaav Isaacs

SPU Works

The problem of evil is the most prominent argument against the existence of God. Skeptical theists contend that it is not a good argument. Their reasons for this contention vary widely, involving such notions as CORNEA, epistemic appearances, 'gratuitous' evils, 'levering' evidence, and the representativeness of goods. We aim to dispel some confusions about these notions, in particular by clarifying their roles within a probabilistic epistemology. In addition, we develop new responses to the problem of evil from both the phenomenal conception of evidence and the 'knowledge-first' view of evidence.

Expert Opinion And Second-Hand Knowledge, Matthew A. Benton

SPU Works

Expert testimony figures in recent debates over how best to understand the norm of assertion and the domain-specific epistemic expectations placed on testifiers. Cases of experts asserting with only isolated second-hand knowledge Jennifer (Lackey 2011, 2013) have been used to shed light on whether knowledge is sufficient for epistemically permissible assertion. I argue that relying on such cases of expert testimony introduces several problems concerning how we understand expert knowledge, and the sharing of such knowledge through testimony. Refinements are needed to clarify exactly what principles are being tested by such cases; but once refined, such cases raise more questions …

Reason And Emotion, Not Reason Or Emotion In Moral Judgment, Leland F. Saunders

SPU Works

One of the central questions in both metaethics and empirical moral psychology is whether moral judgments are the products of reason or emotions. This way of putting the question relies on an overly simplified view of reason and emotion as two fully independent cognitive faculties whose causal contributions to moral judgment can be cleanly separated. However, there is a significant body of evidence in the cognitive sciences that seriously undercuts this conception of reason and emotion, and supports the view that moral judgments are caused by a complex interplay of psychological mechanisms that are both cognitive and affective, but in …

Reparations For Racism: Why The Persistence Of Institutional Racism In America Demands More Than Equal Opportunity For Black Citizens, Alexander Lowe

Richard T. Schellhase Essay Prize in Ethics

No abstract provided.

Ethics And Animals: Extending Ethics Beyond Our Own Species, Peter Singer

The Chautauqua Journal

It is commonly held that ethics is about how we ought to treat other human beings. On this view, how we ought to treat animals is not properly part of ethics, or at best, if the treatment of animals is included within ethics at all, then animals have a second-class moral status. We have the right to use them as we see fit, to satisfy our needs and desires without regard to their interests, as long as we do not engage in gratuitous cruelty.

In the pages that follow, I shall argue that this standard view of our moral responsibilities …

Lessons From Animal Sentience: Towards A New Humanity, Jonathan Balcombe

The Chautauqua Journal

No abstract provided.

Folk Ontology And The Moral Standing Of Animals, Justin E. H. Smith

The Chautauqua Journal

No abstract provided.

Bonobo Mirror Project, Laura L. Newhart Ph.D.

The Chautauqua Journal

I undertook “The Bonobo Mirror Project” within the context of a graduate level course entitled Primate Behavior and Conservation that was jointly sponsored by Miami University of Ohio, the Cincinnati Zoo and Botanical Gardens, and Project Dragonfly. The goal of such “Zoo Expedition” courses is to promote inquiry-based learning, community involvement, and conservation. I found it both challenging and rewarding to combine my philosophical training with this very empirically based scientific method of inquiry. The empirical question that “The Bonobo Mirror Project” attempts to answer is: How does the ratio of positive to negative comments made by visitors to the …

Book Review: Theory Of Identities, David B. Levy

Touro University Libraries Publications and Research

The author reviews the book Theory of Identities.

Book Review: Philosophy Of Science: Key Concepts, David B. Levy

Touro University Libraries Publications and Research

The author reviews the book Philosophy of Science: Key Concepts.

Book Review - Philosophy In Schools: An Introduction For Philosophers And Teachers, Laura D'Olimpio

Philosophy Papers and Journal Articles

Book Review - Philosophy in Schools: An introduction for philosophers and teachers edited by Sara Goering, Nicholas J Shudak and Thomas E Wartenberg (2013). (Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy) Taylor & Francis, New York, NY. ISBN: 9780415640633.

An Analysis Of Domestic Violence In Mass Media & Motion Pictures, Renee Delcambre

UCUR

No abstract provided.

Is 'Equal Pay For Equal Work' Merely A Principle Of Nondiscrimination?, Jeffrey Moriarty

Philosophy Faculty Publications

Should people who perform equal work receive equal pay? Most would say ‘yes’, at least insofar as this question is understood to be asking whether employers should be permitted to discriminate against employees on the basis of race or sex. But suppose the employees belong to all of the same traditionally protected groups. Is (what I call) nondiscriminatory unequal pay for equal work wrong? Drawing an analogy with price discrimination, I argue that it is not intrinsically wrong, but it can be deceptive, in which case it is wrong.

A Rejection Of Skeptical Theism, Mike Thousand

Conspectus Borealis

No abstract provided.

The Physicist - Philosophers: The Legacy Of James Clerk Maxwell And Herrmann Von Helmholtz, Peter Skiff

Faculty Books & Manuscripts

One of the most effective, and most mysterious, tools of modern theoretical physics is a mathematical method including what is here called “field theory.” The success of this procedure in unraveling the “zoology” of fundamental particles and their behavior is a marvel. The philosophical context of this marvel is the source of endless academic controversy. The core of the method is a blend of mathematics and description created by “physicist-philosophers,” from Maxwell and Helmholtz to Einstein and Schrödinger. This book tries to unravel the mystery, or at least chronicle it.

Libertarian Welfare Rights? An Inquiry Into The Coherence Of Some Common Libertarian Commitments, Nicole Hassoun

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

This paper argues that libertarians should endorse some welfare rights understood as rights that all states must guarantee to their subjects as a condition of legitimacy. For, it argues that libertarians, because they should be actual consent theorists, must agree to the following condition for state legitimacy: States must do what they can to ensure that their rights-respecting subjects secure the basic reasoning and planning capacities they need to consent to their rules.

How People Think About Distributing Aid, Nicole Hassoun, Emir Malikov, Nathan Lubchenco

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

This paper examines how people think about aiding others in a way that can inform both theory and practice. It uses data gathered from Kiva, an online, non-profit organization that allows individuals to aid other individuals around the world, to isolate intuitions that people find broadly compelling. The central result of the paper is that people seem to give more priority to aiding those in greater need at least below some threshold. That is, the data strongly suggest incorporating both a threshold and a prioritarian principle into the analysis of what principles for aid distribution people accept. This conclusion should …

Conserving Nature; Preserving Identity, Nicole Hassoun, D. Wong

Philosophy Faculty Scholarship

Fundamental approaches to environmental ethics currently seem polarized between two broad varieties: the “conservationist” approach on which we should conserve the environment when it is in our interest to do so and the “preservationist” approach on which we should preserve the environment even when it is not in our interest to do so. The first approach obviously has a broader potential audience and is invoked even by preservationists when they seek to marshal the broadest possible support for environmental protection. For preservationists, however, the conservationist approach has obvious limitations. It permits damage to the environment whenever required by the balance …

Six Degrees Of Bertrand Russell, Timothy Madigan

Philosophy and Classical Studies Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the chapter's first paragraph:

ONE OF THE MOST QUOTED PHRASES in current popular culture is "six degrees of separation." It expresses the idea that, on average, any human ^being is connected with any other human being by at most six acquaintances. While there is much debate as to whether this is literally true, it is an interesting thought-experiment, as well as the basis for many fun parlor games. One of these is entitled "Six Degrees of Kevin Bacon," in which film fans try to connect the aforementioned actor with any other movie star …

Russell In Popular Culture, Timothy Madigan

Philosophy and Classical Studies Faculty/Staff Publications

In lieu of an abstract, here is the chapter's first paragraph:

IN DIRECTOR/SCREENWRITER JOHN MICHAEL MCDONAGH'S 2011 Quentin Tarantino-Hke comic film The Guard, there is a bizarre scene where three hit men, for no apparent reason, while driving down an Irish road get into a heated debate over who the world's greatest philosopher might be.

It is amusing that the chauvinistic characters are willing to reconsider Russell's greatness once they can stop thinking of him as an Englishman, but no doubt Lord Russell himself, given his cosmopolitan leanings as well as his oft-professed love for his Englishness, might have …

Spread A Little Love., Nikitha Rajendran

Sierpinski’s Square

We now live in a digital era of toddlers with IPads, teens who know little of current events, and adults staggering to fill the technological generation gap. We even have a tiny friend named Siri trapped in our cell phones to tend to our every question and cellular need. Where has our natural curiosity gone? Humans, the single most advanced species on the planet, the inventors of the wheel, are now stuck behind a white and blue screen.

"The Box" And The Dark Night Of The Soul: An Autoethnography From The Force Of Losing A Child In The Delivery Room, Santiago Pinon Jr

Journal of Health Ethics

From the perspective of parents who have lost children in labor and delivery rooms due to miscarriages, stillbirths, or who were born too early, the author argues that health care personnel including administrators, nurses, and doctors must be held accountable to the ethical responsibilities of caring for the parents of the children who have died. Based on the fact that administrators market their services to pregnant couples and promise to provide care, health care workers are ethically responsible to provide continued compassion.