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Articles 121 - 150 of 225
Full-Text Articles in Philosophy
The Oxford Handbook Of Philosophy And Literature, Richard Thomas Eldridge
The Oxford Handbook Of Philosophy And Literature, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
This introductory article explains the coverage of this book, which is about the relations of complementarity and opposition between philosophy and literature. This book explores the interests for human life of specific genres of literature, considers broad modes of attention that have marked off certain large cultural periods from one another, traces workings of certain central literary devices for achieving attention and evaluates the use of literature as a practice in relation to the practices of inquiry, morality and politics. It also discusses the significance of the works of some philosophers in analyzing literary practice.
Reliabilism—Modal, Probabilistic Or Contextualist, Peter Baumann
Reliabilism—Modal, Probabilistic Or Contextualist, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
This paper discusses two versions of reliabilism: modal and probabilistic reliabilism. Modal reliabilism faces the problem of the missing closeness metric for possible worlds while probalistic reliabilism faces the problem of the relevant reference class. Despite the severity of these problems, reliabilism is still very plausible (also for independent reasons). I propose to stick with reliabilism, propose a contextualist (or, alternatively, harmlessly relativist) solution to the above problems and suggest that probabilistic reliabilism has the advantage over modal reliabilism.
To Thine Own Self Be Untrue: A Diagnosis Of The Cable Guy Paradox, D. P. Rowbottom, Peter Baumann
To Thine Own Self Be Untrue: A Diagnosis Of The Cable Guy Paradox, D. P. Rowbottom, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
Hajek has recently presented the following paradox. You are certain that a cable guy will visit you tomorrow between 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. but you have no further information about when. And you agree to a bet on whether he will come in the morning interval (8, 12] or in the afternoon interval (12, 4). At first, you have no reason to prefer one possibility rather than the other. But you soon realise that there will definitely be a future time at which you will (rationally) assign higher probability to an afternoon arrival than a morning one, due to …
Contrastivism Rather Than Something Else? On The Limits Of Epistemic Contrastivism, Peter Baumann
Contrastivism Rather Than Something Else? On The Limits Of Epistemic Contrastivism, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
One of the most recent trends in epistemology is contrastivism. It can be characterized as the thesis that knowledge is a ternary relation between a subject, a proposition known and a contrast proposition. According to contrastivism, knowledge attributions have the form “S knows that p, rather than q”. In this paper I raise several problems for contrastivism: it lacks plausibility for many cases of knowledge, is too narrow concerning the third relatum, and overlooks a further relativity of the knowledge relation.
Review Of "Taking Action, Saving Lives: Our Duties To Protect Environmental And Public Health" By K. Shrader-Frechette, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Ciência, Respeito À Natureza E Bem-Estar Humano, Hugh Lacey
Ciência, Respeito À Natureza E Bem-Estar Humano, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
The central question addressed is: How should scientific research be conducted so as to ensure that nature is respected, its regenerative powers not further undermined and wherever possible restored, and the well being of everyone everywhere enhanced? Then, after pointing to the importance of methodological pluralism for an acceptable answer, and the obstacles posed by identifying science with technoscience that are reinforced by what I call 'the commercial-scientific ethos', two additional questions are considered: How might research, conducted in this way, have impact on - and depend on - strengthening democratic values and practices? And, what is thereby implied for …
Contextualism And The Factivity Problem, Peter Baumann
Contextualism And The Factivity Problem, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
Epistemological contextualism - the claim that the truth-value of knowledge-attributions can vary with the context of the attributor - has recently faced a whole series of objections. The most serious one, however, has not been discussed much so far: the factivity objection. In this paper, I explain what the objection is and present three different versions of the objection. I then show that there is a good way out for the contextualist. However, in order to solve the problem the contextualist has to accept a relationalist version of contextualism.
Review Of "Wittgenstein And The Moral Life: Essays In Honor Of Cora Diamond" Edited By A. Crary, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Review Of "Wittgenstein And The Moral Life: Essays In Honor Of Cora Diamond" Edited By A. Crary, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Single-Case Probabilities And The Case Of Monty Hall: Levy's View, Peter Baumann
Single-Case Probabilities And The Case Of Monty Hall: Levy's View, Peter Baumann
Philosophy Faculty Works
In Baumann (American Philosophical Quarterly 42: 71–79, 2005) I argued that reflections on a variation of the Monty Hall problem throws a very general skeptical light on the idea of single-case probabilities. Levy (Synthese, forthcoming, 2007) puts forward some interesting objections which I answer here.
Wordsworth And The Life Of A Subject, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Wordsworth And The Life Of A Subject, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Aspectos Cognitivos E Sociais Das Práticas Científicas, Hugh Lacey
Aspectos Cognitivos E Sociais Das Práticas Científicas, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
Is it constitutive of making judgments of the cognitive acceptability of theories that they are made under certain social relations that embody specific social values that have been cultivated among investigators (Helen Longino)? Or is making sound judgments of this kind just a consequence of social interactions that occur under these relations (Philip Kitcher)? While generally endorsing the latter view, I make a distinction, not made by the philosophers under discussion, between sound acceptance and endorsement of a theory, and argue that Longino's view applies to endorsement.
Será um aspecto constitutivo dos juízos de aceitabilidade cognitiva de teorias o fato …
Feminist Lines Of Flight From The Majoritarian Subject, Tamsin E. Lorraine
Feminist Lines Of Flight From The Majoritarian Subject, Tamsin E. Lorraine
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
The Problem Of A Democratic Ethic, Richard Schuldenfrei
The Problem Of A Democratic Ethic, Richard Schuldenfrei
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Putting Expectations In Order, Alan Richard Baker
Putting Expectations In Order, Alan Richard Baker
Philosophy Faculty Works
In their paper, “Vexing Expectations,” Nover and Hájek (2004) present an allegedly paradoxical betting scenario which they call the Pasadena Game (PG). They argue that the silence of standard decision theory concerning the value of playing PG poses a serious problem. This paper provides a threefold response. First, I argue that the real problem is not that decision theory is “silent” concerning PG, but that it delivers multiple conflicting verdicts. Second, I offer a diagnosis of the problem based on the insight that standard decision theory is, rightly, sensitive to order. Third, I describe a new betting scenario—the Alternating St. …
Há Alternativas Ao Uso Dos Transgênicos?, Hugh Lacey
Há Alternativas Ao Uso Dos Transgênicos?, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
Whether or not there are alternatives to using transgenics, that would be able to satisfy the world's food and nutrition needs, remains open to further scientific investigation. The necessity for using transgenics is not currently well based on available scientific knowledge, in part because the achievements and potential of agroecology have received insufficient scientific attention.
A existência ou não de alternativa ao uso de transgênicos capaz de satisfazer a demanda mundial por alimento e nutrientes é uma questão que permanece aberta à investigação científica. A importância dos transgênicos ainda não está bem fundamentada no conhecimento científico disponível, em parte porque …
On The Aims And Responsibilities Of Science, Hugh Lacey
On The Aims And Responsibilities Of Science, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Review Of "Reason's Grief: An Essay On Tragedy And Value" By G. W. Harris, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Review Of "Reason's Grief: An Essay On Tragedy And Value" By G. W. Harris, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Hegel On Music, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Hegel On Music, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
The Ends Of Narrative, Richard Thomas Eldridge
The Ends Of Narrative, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
We can begin to approach what might be called the peculiarity of literature as a form of cognitive practice by comparing how literary works end with how other pieces of intellectual work end. A proof in mathematics ends by reaching its final line, where each line that is not an axiom is generated in explicit accord with a rule of inference that in principle anyone might follow. Reports of experimental results generated in a lab specify procedures that were followed in setting up equipment and carrying out tests. While they often also offer conjectural interpretations of results and suggestions for …
Is There A Problem Of Induction For Mathematics?, Alan Richard Baker
Is There A Problem Of Induction For Mathematics?, Alan Richard Baker
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Explanatory Critique, Hugh Lacey
Complex Thinking: The Emergence Of Everything?, Alan Richard Baker
Complex Thinking: The Emergence Of Everything?, Alan Richard Baker
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
From Epistemology To Aesthetics, Richard Thomas Eldridge
From Epistemology To Aesthetics, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Science And Human Well-Being: Toward A New Way Of Structuring Scientific Activity, Hugh Lacey
Science And Human Well-Being: Toward A New Way Of Structuring Scientific Activity, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Philosophy Of Religion, Hugh Lacey, D. V. Porpora
Philosophy Of Religion, Hugh Lacey, D. V. Porpora
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
O Princípio De Precaução E A Autonomia Da Ciência, Hugh Lacey
O Princípio De Precaução E A Autonomia Da Ciência, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
The Precautionary principle recommends taking special precautions, and conducting detailed and farreaching research on the potential risks of technoscientific innovations, before implementing them. Its use is defended against the charge that it threatens the autonomy of science. On the contrary, I argue, it actually serves to counter current distortions of scientific practices that follow from their having been subordinated to commercial and political values.
O princípio de precaução recomenda que, antes de implementar as inovações tecnocientíficas, sejam tomadas precauções especiais e que se conduza pesquisa detalhada e de largo alcance sobre os riscos potenciais dessas inovações. Defendo o uso do …
The Social Location Of Scientific Practices, Hugh Lacey
The Social Location Of Scientific Practices, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Review Of "A Structural Account Of Mathematics" By C. S. Chihara, Alan Richard Baker
Review Of "A Structural Account Of Mathematics" By C. S. Chihara, Alan Richard Baker
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
Literature As Material Figuration: Benjamin, Sebald, And Human Life In Time, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Literature As Material Figuration: Benjamin, Sebald, And Human Life In Time, Richard Thomas Eldridge
Philosophy Faculty Works
No abstract provided.
On The Interplay Of The Cognitive And The Social In Scientific Practices, Hugh Lacey
On The Interplay Of The Cognitive And The Social In Scientific Practices, Hugh Lacey
Philosophy Faculty Works
I consider the following questions, central to recent disagreements between Longino and Kitcher: Is it constitutive of making judgments of the cognitive acceptability of theories that they are made under certain social relations that embody specific social values that have been cultivated among investigators (Longino)? Or is making them (sound ones) just a consequence of social interactions that occur under these relations (Kitcher)? While generally endorsing the latter view, I make a distinction, not made by the philosophers under discussion, between sound acceptance and endorsement of a theory, and argue that Longino's view applies to endorsement.