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Articles 211 - 240 of 942
Full-Text Articles in Philosophy
Robots In War: Issues Of Risk And Ethics, Patrick Lin, George A. Bekey, Keith Abney
Robots In War: Issues Of Risk And Ethics, Patrick Lin, George A. Bekey, Keith Abney
Philosophy
War robots clearly hold tremendous advantages-from saving the lives of our own soldiers, to safely defusing roadside bombs, to operating in inaccessible and dangerous environments such as mountainside caves and underwater. Without emotions and other liabilities on the battlefield, they could conduct warfare more ethically and effectively than human soldiers who are susceptible to overreactions, anger, vengeance, fatigue, low morale, and so on. But the use of robots, especially autonomous ones, raises a a host of ethical and risk issues. This paper offers a a survey of such emerging issues in this new but rapidly advancing area of technology.
Autonomous Military Robotics: Risk, Ethics, And Design, Patrick Lin, George Bekey, Keith Abney
Autonomous Military Robotics: Risk, Ethics, And Design, Patrick Lin, George Bekey, Keith Abney
Philosophy
No abstract provided.
Untangling The Debate: The Ethics Of Human Enhancement, Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff
Untangling The Debate: The Ethics Of Human Enhancement, Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff
Philosophy
Human enhancement, in which nanotechnology is expected to play a major role, continues to be a highly contentious ethical debate, with experts on both sides calling it the single most important issue facing science and society in this brave, new century. This paper is a broad introduction to the symposium herein that explores a range of perspectives related to that debate. We will discuss what human enhancement is and its apparent contrast to therapy; and we will begin to tease apart the myriad intertwined issues that arise in the debate: (1) freedom & autonomy, (2) health & safety, (3) fairness …
Genetically Engineering Human-Animal Chimeras And Lives Worth Living, Dennis R. Cooley
Genetically Engineering Human-Animal Chimeras And Lives Worth Living, Dennis R. Cooley
Between the Species
Genetic engineering often generates fear of out of control scientists creating Frankenstein creatures that will terrorize the general populace, especially in the cases of human-animal chimeras. While sometimes an accurate characterization of some researchers, this belief is often the result of repugnance for new technology rather than being rationally justified. To facilitate thoughtful discussion the moral issues raised by human-animal chimeras, ethicists and other stakeholders must develop a rational ethical framework before raw emotion has a chance of becoming the dominating justification for public opinion and policy. Derek Parfit’s work on lives worth living for human beings can provide valuable …
Animal Thoughts On Factory Farms: Michael Leahy, Language And Awareness Of Death, Rebekah Humphreys
Animal Thoughts On Factory Farms: Michael Leahy, Language And Awareness Of Death, Rebekah Humphreys
Between the Species
The idea that language is necessary for thought and emotion is a dominant one in philosophy. Animals have taken the brunt of this idea, since it is widely held that language is exclusively human. Michael Leahy (1991) makes a case against the moral standing of factory-farmed animals based on such ideas. His approach is Wittgensteinian: understanding is a thought process that requires language, which animals do not possess. But he goes further than this and argues that certain factory farming methods do not cause certain sufferings to the animals used, since animals lack full awareness of their circumstances. In particular …
The Ethical Disconnect Of The Circus: Humanity's Acceptance Of Performing Elephants - Author's Note Added 2 Feb 2011, Mike Jaynes
The Ethical Disconnect Of The Circus: Humanity's Acceptance Of Performing Elephants - Author's Note Added 2 Feb 2011, Mike Jaynes
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Reasonable Humans And Animals: An Argument For Vegetarianism, Nathan Nobis
Reasonable Humans And Animals: An Argument For Vegetarianism, Nathan Nobis
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
The Intentionality Of Plover Cognitive States, Chuck Stieg
The Intentionality Of Plover Cognitive States, Chuck Stieg
Between the Species
This paper attempts to clarify and justify the attribution of mental states to animals by focusing on two different conceptions of intentionality: instrumentalist and realist. I use each of these general views to interpret and discuss the behavior and cognitive states of piping plovers in order to provide a substantive way to frame the question of animal minds. I argue that attributing mental states to plovers is warranted for instrumentalists insofar as it is warranted for similar human behavior. For realists about intentionality, the complexity, adaptability and flexibility of the plovers’ behavior, along with its ability to utilize the content …
Book Review Brian Luke's Brutal: Manhood And The Exploitation Of Animals, Laura Donnellan
Book Review Brian Luke's Brutal: Manhood And The Exploitation Of Animals, Laura Donnellan
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Review Of Francione's Animals As Persons: Essays On The Abolition Of Animal Exploitation, Joan Schaffner
Review Of Francione's Animals As Persons: Essays On The Abolition Of Animal Exploitation, Joan Schaffner
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
The Pig Roast, Josephine Donovan
Peter Singer’S Hegelianism: The Social Context Of Equality, David Rose
Peter Singer’S Hegelianism: The Social Context Of Equality, David Rose
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
The Social Contract, The Conservative Attitude, And Antibiotics Development, Eli Weber
The Social Contract, The Conservative Attitude, And Antibiotics Development, Eli Weber
Between the Species
The prevalence of antibiotic resistant microbes has led to a call for new antibiotics development. Due to the irresponsible practices of the medical community in prescribing antibiotics, much of the demand for new antibiotics is suspect. I argue that the social contract, which properly includes human relationships with laboratory animals, requires a conservative attitude toward new antibiotics development. This attitude places limits on the justificatory role of demand in determining whether a particular research project meets the conditions for morally justified research, as defined by Rollin’s utilitarian principle.
Against Unrestricted Human Enhancement, Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff
Against Unrestricted Human Enhancement, Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff
Philosophy
The defining debate in this new century will be about technology and human enhancement, according to many across the political spectrum. Our ability to use science to enhance our bodies and minds – as opposed to its application for therapeutic purposes – is one of the most personal and therefore passionate issues in an era where emerging technologies seduce us with new and fantastic possibilities for our future. But in the process, we are forced to rethink what it means to be human or, essentially, our own identity. For some, technology holds the promise of making us superhuman; for others, …
Language And Responsibility: The Possibilities And Problems Of Poetic Thinking For Environmental Philosophy, Eleanor D. Helms
Language And Responsibility: The Possibilities And Problems Of Poetic Thinking For Environmental Philosophy, Eleanor D. Helms
Philosophy
There is a sense in which poetry can re-inscribe humans in their natural surroundings, but language—even poetic language—is also always problematic. In conversation with and in response to recent works by David Abram, I will delineate at least two ways in which poetic language separates and distinguishes humans from nature. I also argue for the importance of what is implicit or invisible (as opposed to tangible and sensuous). Language is a mode of human responsibility for the world, not just a sign or result of being part of it.
Introduction: Nanotechnology, Society, And Ethics, Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff
Introduction: Nanotechnology, Society, And Ethics, Patrick Lin, Fritz Allhoff
Philosophy
No abstract provided.
Communicating With Accelerated Observers In Minkowski Spacetime, Francisco Flores
Communicating With Accelerated Observers In Minkowski Spacetime, Francisco Flores
Philosophy
Our goal here is to determine the spatial and temporal constraints on communication between two observers at least one of which moves with constant proper acceleration in two-dimensional Minkowski spacetime. We take as a simplified model of communication one observer bouncing a light signal off another observer. Our derivations use only elementary mathematics and spacetime diagrams, and hence are accessible to students taking their first course in special relativity. Furthermore, the qualitative features of our results can be easily explained to non-physics students in courses that discuss special relativity at a ‘conceptual’ level.
An Ethical Analysis Of The 3 Rs, Lisa Houde, Claude Dumas
An Ethical Analysis Of The 3 Rs, Lisa Houde, Claude Dumas
Between the Species
Even though the 3Rs (i.e., Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) are widely accepted as ethical standards when evaluating research projects using animals as experimental subjects, the ethical status of the 3Rs still remains to be clarified. The 3Rs were not derived from any ethical theory, but they represented an attempt to increase humanity to animal experimentation and at the same time to improve validity of scientific data (Russell & Burch, 1959). The aim of the present article was to provide an ethical analysis of the 3Rs through Engelhardt's bioethics theory (1998). The analysis revealed the 3Rs fitted to some extent Engelhardt ethical …
Tom Regan On Innocents, Lisa A. Kemmerer
Peter Singer On Expendability, Lisa A. Kemmerer
Peter Singer On Expendability, Lisa A. Kemmerer
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Without Animals Life Is Not Worth Living, Freya Mathews
Without Animals Life Is Not Worth Living, Freya Mathews
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
On Responsible Knowledge Making And The Moral Standing Of Animals: Questioning What Matters And Why About Animal Minds, Lesley Mclean
On Responsible Knowledge Making And The Moral Standing Of Animals: Questioning What Matters And Why About Animal Minds, Lesley Mclean
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Nonhuman Chimeras With Human Brain Cells, Eric Sotnak
Nonhuman Chimeras With Human Brain Cells, Eric Sotnak
Between the Species
Many people find the notion of blending humans and nonhumans together to create animals whose brains are composed entirely of human brain cells disturbing. I argue that these moral qualms lack adequate justification. I consider a number of reasons for objecting to the creation of such chimeras and argue that none of these reasons withstand scrutiny. I argue that the only plausible objections to these chimeras would require that they possess morally significant properties that would be lacked by similar, non-chimeric animals, but that there is no good reason to think this would be the case.
The Phenomenology Of Bigfoot, H. Peter Steeves
The Phenomenology Of Bigfoot, H. Peter Steeves
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Animal Rights: A Historical Anthology, Ed. Andrew Linzey And Paul Barry Clarke, David Corner
Animal Rights: A Historical Anthology, Ed. Andrew Linzey And Paul Barry Clarke, David Corner
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Mind-Matter For Animals Matters: Science And The Denial Of Animal Consciousness, Estiva Reus, David Olivier
Mind-Matter For Animals Matters: Science And The Denial Of Animal Consciousness, Estiva Reus, David Olivier
Between the Species
Animal people are usually confident that Cartesianism is something of the past and that modern science clearly establishes that animals are sentient beings. But actually the scientific status of sentience is anything but firmly established. Not only is the subjective point of view absent from current science; it is precluded by construction from our fundamental realms of knowledge. Physics — the mother-science once we reject Cartesian dualism — is currently unable to include sentience in its account of the world. A large part of the philosophy of mind describes a mindless mind, from which subjectivity — feeling, qualia — has …
Review Of Gary Steiner’S Anthropocentrism And Its Discontents, Richard Schubert
Review Of Gary Steiner’S Anthropocentrism And Its Discontents, Richard Schubert
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Is It Okay To Wear My Down Vest?, David Seekell
Is It Okay To Wear My Down Vest?, David Seekell
Between the Species
No abstract provided.
Nanotechnology Bound: Evaluating The Case For More Regulation, Patrick Lin
Nanotechnology Bound: Evaluating The Case For More Regulation, Patrick Lin
Philosophy
In continuing news, there is a growing debate on whether current laws and regulations, both in the US and abroad, need to be strengthened as they relate to nanotechnology. On one side, experts argue that nanomaterials, which are making their way into the marketplace today, are possibly harmful to consumers and the environment, so stronger and new laws are needed to ensure they are safe. On the other side, different experts argue that more regulation will slow down the pace of business and innovation in nanotechnology, or that self-regulation is the answer, or other opposing positions. This paper will draw …
Is It True That ‘Evolution Is A Theory, Not A Fact’?, Todd R. Long
Is It True That ‘Evolution Is A Theory, Not A Fact’?, Todd R. Long
Philosophy
No abstract provided.